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Music - Musical Notation

Here you will learn some English words related to musical notation such as "sharp", "fermata", and "glissando".

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Words Related to Music
A
A
[noun]

the musical pitch A, which is a specific note in the diatonic scale commonly used in Western music

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B
B
[noun]

the 7th note in the C-major scale

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C
C
[noun]

the first note in the C-major scale

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D
D
[noun]

the second note of the C-major scale

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E
E
[noun]

the third note in the C-major scale

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F
F
[noun]

the fourth note in the C-major scale

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G
G
[noun]

the fifth note in the C-major scale

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whole note

a musical note that is held or sustained for the duration of four beats in 4/4 time, typically denoted by an open oval shape

Ex: The pianist played a whole note in the left hand while embellishing the melody with the right hand. 
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double whole note

a square-shaped notehead with no stem or flags representing a note duration equivalent to four whole notes in Western music

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key
key
[noun]

a set of notes based on a particular note that form the tonal basis of a musical passage

Ex: The composer chose the key of G major for the symphony, emphasizing its bright and uplifting qualities. 
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middle C
middle C
[noun]

the C note situated approximately in the middle of the piano keyboard, often serving as a reference point for pitch

Ex: The melody begins with middle C, providing a stable starting point for the piece. 
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natural
natural
[noun]

a symbol that cancels the effect of a sharp or flat, restoring the pitch of a note to its original state

Ex: The musician added a natural to the F note to return it to its original pitch after it had been previously sharpened. 
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octave
octave
[noun]

the interval between the first and the last notes in eight diatonic degrees

Ex: The pianist played a scale that spanned a full octave. 
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chord
chord
[noun]

three or more musical notes that form a harmony when played together

Ex: The guitarist strummed a G major chord to start the song. 
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sharp
sharp
[noun]

a symbol used to raise the pitch of a note by a half step

Ex: The composer included a sharp before the F note to indicate it should be played one half step higher. 
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double sharp

a musical symbol that indicates the raising of a note by two half steps or two semitones, equivalent to the same note as a natural but two half steps higher

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flat
flat
[noun]

a musical symbol indicating a pitch that is one half step lower than the note indicated

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half note
half note
[noun]

a note symbol that represents a duration equal to half the value of a whole note, typically lasting for two beats in 4/4 time

Ex: The melody features a series of half notes, creating a flowing rhythm throughout the piece. 
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half step
half step
[noun]

the smallest interval used in Western music, equal to the distance between two adjacent notes on a keyboard or fretboard

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fermata
fermata
[noun]

a musical symbol placed over a note or rest to indicate that it should be held longer than its normal duration

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dot
dot
[noun]

a small round symbol in written music indicating augmentation of time by one half or staccato

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double bar

a pair of upright lines in written music marking the end of a composition or a main passage

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quarter note

a note symbol representing a duration equal to one quarter of the value of a whole note

Ex: The melody begins with a series of quarter notes, establishing the rhythmic pattern of the piece. 
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tonic
tonic
[noun]

the first scale degree of a diatonic scale and the primary note upon which a musical composition or section is centered

Ex: The piece ended on the tonic, giving it a sense of finality and closure. 
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staff
staff
[noun]

a set of five horizontal lines and the blank space between them on which a musical composition is written according to a pitch

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ledger line

a short line added above or below the staff to represent a note that is outside the range of the staff

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bar line
bar line
[noun]

an upright line that separates the bars in written music

Ex: The composer drew a bar line to mark the end of each measure. 
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maxima
maxima
[noun]

a note duration equivalent to 64 whole notes in Western music

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quadruple note

a note duration equivalent to 16 whole notes in Western music

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dotted bar line

a musical symbol indicating the end of a section or phrase in sheet music

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clef
clef
[noun]

any of the signs written on the left-hand end of a staff indicating the pitch of the notes

Ex: The sheet music was marked with a treble clef at the beginning of the staff, indicating that it was intended for higher-pitched instruments or voices. 
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G clef
G clef
[noun]

a musical symbol that indicates the position of the G note on the staff, also known as the treble clef

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C clef
C clef
[noun]

a musical symbol used to indicate the position of middle C on a staff, and is commonly used for notating the pitches of instruments such as viola, bassoon, and cello

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F clef
F clef
[noun]

a musical symbol that indicates the position of the F note on the staff, also known as the bass clef

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octave clef

a musical symbol used to indicate that the written notes should be played or sung one octave higher or lower than notated

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neutral clef

a type of clef used to notate rhythms without specifying pitch, commonly for percussion instruments

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tablature
tablature
[noun]

a system of musical notation used for fretted string instruments, representing finger placement on the instrument's strings and frets

Ex: He learned to play the song by reading the tablature rather than traditional sheet music. 
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eighth note

a musical note symbol representing a duration equal to one eighth of the value of a whole note

Ex: The melody featured a rapid succession of eighth notes, creating a sense of momentum in the music. 
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sixteenth note

a musical note symbol representing a duration equal to one sixteenth of the value of a whole note

Ex: The melody began with a sixteenth note, introducing a rapid rhythmic pattern. 
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thirty-second note

a note symbol representing a duration equal to one thirty-second of the value of a whole note

Ex: The fast-paced section of the piece featured a flurry of thirty-second notes, showcasing the virtuosity of the performer. 
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sixty-fourth note

a musical note symbol representing a duration equal to one sixty-fourth of the value of a whole note

Ex: The rapid passage featured a cascade of sixty-fourth notes, requiring precise and nimble fingerwork. 
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hundred twenty-eighth note

a musical notation representing a very short duration of time, typically used in fast-paced music

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two hundred fifty-sixth note

a musical notation representing an extremely short duration of time, typically used in very fast-paced music

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beam
beam
[noun]

a horizontal line used in musical notation to connect two or more adjacent notes of the same value, indicating that they should be played as a single, continuous sound

Ex: The eighth notes were joined by a single beam. 
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dotted note

a musical note with a dot placed to the right of it, which increases its duration by half, indicating that it should be held longer than a regular note of the same value

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ghost note

a percussive note played with reduced or muted volume, often used in drumming and rhythm guitar to add subtle accents or create a syncopated feel

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breath mark

a musical notation symbol indicating where a performer should take a breath while playing or singing

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caesura
caesura
[noun]

a musical notation symbol indicating a pause or break in the music, often used for dramatic or expressive effect

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double flat

a musical symbol that indicates the lowering of a note by two half steps or two semitones, equivalent to the same note as a natural but two half steps lower

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common time

a musical meter with a 4/4 time signature, indicating four beats per measure

Ex: The conductor signaled for the orchestra to start playing in common time, setting a steady rhythm of four beats per measure. 
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alla breve

a musical notation indicating that the music should be played with a double beat, where the half note receives one beat

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tie
tie
[noun]

a curved line written over a pair of notes of the same pitch indicating that they should be played as one note

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slur
slur
[noun]

(music) a curved line indicating smooth, connected play between notes

Ex: The pianist used a slur to connect the notes of the legato passage, creating a seamless and flowing melody. 
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quarter tone

a musical interval that is half the size of a semitone

Ex: The composer incorporated quarter tones into the melody, creating a unique and exotic sound. 
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time signature

a sign written at the beginning of a musical composition in the form of a fraction showing the number of beats in each bar

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accidental

a symbol placed before a note to indicate that it should be played higher or lower than it is written in the key signature

Ex: The sharp accidental raised the pitch of the note by a half step. 
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accent
accent
[noun]

a musical symbol that tells performers how to emphasize or articulate a note or group of notes to add expression and dynamic contrast

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marcato
marcato
[noun]

a musical term indicating that a note or passage should be played with a marked emphasis or accent

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tenuto
tenuto
[noun]

a musical term indicating that a note should be held for its full duration, typically marked by a horizontal line or dash above or below the note

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accent
accent
[noun]

a musical mark that indicates a note should be played with extra emphasis or strength

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glissando
glissando
[noun]

a musical technique that involves sliding one or more fingers or the entire hand across the keys of a piano or the strings of a stringed instrument to produce a continuous, sliding sound

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arpeggio
arpeggio
[noun]

a musical technique where the notes of a chord are played individually in a sequence rather than simultaneously

Ex: In the classical guitar piece, the musician showcased his skill with a beautiful arpeggio, highlighting the individual notes of the chord. 
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trill
trill
[noun]

a rapid alternation between two adjacent notes, usually a semitone or a whole tone apart

Ex: The flutist executed a flawless trill, adding ornamentation to the musical passage. 
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grace note

a musical ornament that is played quickly before the main note and is not essential to the harmony or melody of a piece of music

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key signature

the set of marks at the beginning of a printed piece of music, indicating the key in which the piece is played

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rest
rest
[noun]

a period of silence or the sign that indicates a silence between musical notes

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mordent
mordent
[noun]

a musical ornament indicating a rapid alternation between a note and the note above or below it

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repeat sign

a notation symbol consisting of two vertical lines with dots or arrows, indicating that a section of music should be repeated from the beginning or a designated point

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tuplet
tuplet
[noun]

a notation that indicates a grouping of a specific number of notes or beats within a time value, allowing for irregular rhythms or subdivisions

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note value

the relative duration or length of a musical note or rest

Ex: The composer carefully assigned a value to each note, dictating its duration and rhythmic significance in the composition. 
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