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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 5) - Research

Here, you will learn some English words related to Research that are necessary for the Basic Academic IELTS exam.

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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 5)
theory
theory
[noun]

a set of ideas intended to explain the reason behind the existence or occurrence of something

Ex: Scientists proposed a new theory to explain the origins of the universe. 
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data
data
[noun]

information or facts collected to be used for various purposes

Ex: The scientist analyzed the data collected from the experiment. 
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abstract
abstract
[noun]

a brief summary that presents the key points of a book, speech, etc.

Ex: Before attending the lecture, I skimmed through the abstract to get an idea of what the speaker would discuss. 
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observation

the process or action of carefully watching a thing or person, often for learning something about them

Ex: The scientist recorded her findings during the observation. 
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research
research
[noun]

a careful and systematic study of a subject to discover new facts or information about it

Ex: Mark spent hours in the library doing research for his history paper. 
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evidence
evidence
[noun]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

Ex: The prosecution presented compelling evidence, including DNA analysis and eyewitness testimony, to support their case. 
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analysis
analysis
[noun]

a methodical examination of the whole structure of something and the relation between its components

Ex: The financial analysis revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the company's budget. 
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method
method
[noun]

a specific way or process of doing something, particularly an established or systematic one

Ex: The scientific method involves systematic observation, measurement, and experimentation. 
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sample
sample
[noun]

a randomly selected part of a larger group, put to study in order to gain knowledge or to draw conclusions about the larger group

Ex: The survey included a random sample of 500 households to gather opinions on local transportation issues. 
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result
result
[noun]

something that is caused by something else

Ex: The medication had the desired result of reducing the patient's symptoms. 
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conclusion

a decision reached after thoroughly considering all relevant information

Ex: After reviewing all the evidence, the jury reached a conclusion. 
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finding
finding
[noun]

a piece of information discovered as a result of a research

Ex: The scientist's finding revealed a new way to treat the disease. 
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publication

a printed work, such as a book, magazine, etc. that is publicly distributed

Ex: The library has a collection of rare publications from the 19th century. 
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journal
journal
[noun]

a magazine or newspaper that gives information about a specific topic

Ex: He subscribed to a travel journal to get tips for his upcoming vacation. 
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essay
essay
[noun]

a piece of writing that briefly analyzes or discusses a specific subject

Ex: She wrote an essay about climate change for her biology class. 
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questionnaire

a paper containing a series of questions that is given to people to collect information for statistical reasons

Ex: The survey included a questionnaire with multiple-choice and open-ended questions. 
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reference
reference
[noun]

a short note in a book giving information about the source of its subject

Ex: At the end of the chapter, the author included a reference to the original research study. 
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case
case
[noun]

a series of facts supporting a theory or an argument

Ex: The lawyer built a strong case by presenting a series of compelling pieces of evidence. 
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material
material
[noun]

data and information that can be gathered to form a research

Ex: The scientist compiled all relevant material for her groundbreaking study. 
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instrument

a device or tool that requires specific knowledge on how to be used

Ex: The scientist used a complex instrument to measure the chemical reactions accurately. 
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source
source
[noun]

a book or a document that supplies information in a research and is referred to

Ex: The historian cited an ancient manuscript as her primary source. 
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approach
approach
[noun]

a way of doing something or dealing with a problem

Ex: The teacher's approach to discipline focuses on positive reinforcement. 
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factor
factor
[noun]

one of the things that affects something or contributes to it

Ex: Poor weather conditions were a significant factor in the cancellation of the outdoor event. 
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survey
survey
[noun]

a collection of opinions or experiences from a specific group, typically gathered via questions

Ex: The company conducted a survey to measure customer satisfaction. 
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