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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 5) - Physics

Here, you will learn some English words related to Physics that are necessary for the Basic Academic IELTS exam.

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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 5)
electron
electron
[noun]

a small particle in an atom with negative charge

Ex: Electrons flow through wires to create electric current. 
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proton
proton
[noun]

a small positively charged particle present in atoms

Ex: The number of protons in an atom defines its atomic number. 
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neutron
neutron
[noun]

a small particle with no charge present in atoms

Ex: Neutrons act as "glue" in the nucleus, preventing proton repulsion. 
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quantum
quantum
[noun]

the smallest possible amount of a particular quantity that cannot be divided any further

Ex: The behavior of subatomic particles is governed by the principles of quantum mechanics. 
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energy
energy
[noun]

(physics) a source of power that is required to do any work that may exist in potential, kinetic, thermal and other forms

Ex: The energy required to lift the box depends on its weight and the height it is lifted. 
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force
force
[noun]

(physics) an effect that causes a body to move or change direction

Ex: Gravity is the force that keeps planets in orbit around the sun. 
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gravity
gravity
[noun]

(physics) the universal force of attraction between any pair of objects with mass

Ex: Gravity is what keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun and the Moon in orbit around the Earth. 
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wave
wave
[noun]

(physics) an oscillating movement by which energy is transferred without the transport of matter, such as light and sound

Ex: Light travels through space in the form of a wave. 
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tension
tension
[noun]

(physics) the state of being under pressure as a result of getting stretched

Ex: The tension in the rope increased as the weight was lifted. 
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pressure
pressure
[noun]

(physics) the amount of force exerted per area that is measured in pascal, newton per square meter, etc.

Ex: The pressure inside the scuba tank reached 200 atmospheres. 
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elasticity

the ability to go back to the original form after being stretched

Ex: The elasticity of the rubber band allowed it to snap back into place. 
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density
density
[noun]

(physics) the degree to which a substance is compacted, measured by dividing its mass by its volume

Ex: The density of water is approximately 1 gram per cubic centimeter (g/cm³). 
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fusion
fusion
[noun]

(physics) a nuclear reaction by which the nuclei of atoms combine and form a heavier nucleus, producing nuclear energy

Ex: The sun's energy comes from hydrogen fusion into helium. 
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relativity

a theory that explains the relationship between motion, space, and time

Ex: Relativity explains why GPS satellites must adjust their clocks for Earth's gravity. 
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potential
potential
[noun]

the energy difference that drives current, typically measured in volts

Ex: The potential across the battery terminals was measured at 12 volts. 
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particle
particle
[noun]

(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.

Ex: Electrons are fundamental particles with a negative electric charge. 
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magnetism
magnetism
[noun]

a phenomenon of attracting and repulsing forces that a moving electrical charge produces

Ex: Earth's magnetism guides compass needles toward the north pole. 
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current
current
[noun]

a flow of electricity resulted from the movement of electrically charged particles in a direction

Ex: An alternating current is commonly used to power household appliances. 
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voltage
voltage
[noun]

total potential energy provided by a power source

Ex: This power outlet delivers 120V, but your device needs 240V. 
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