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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 5) - Physics

Here, you will learn some English words related to Physics that are necessary for the Basic Academic IELTS exam.

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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 5)
electron
electron
[noun]

a small particle in an atom with negative charge

Ex: MRI machines track the spin of electrons to create detailed body images .
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proton
proton
[noun]

a small positively charged particle present in atoms

Ex: Without protons, atoms would have no positive charge to balance electrons .
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neutron
neutron
[noun]

a small particle with no charge present in atoms

Ex: Free neutrons decay into protons after ~15 minutes outside an atom .
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quantum
quantum
[noun]

the smallest possible amount of a particular quantity that cannot be divided any further

Ex: Quantum electrodynamics is a quantum field theory that describes the interactions between electromagnetic fields and charged particles, such as electrons and photons.
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energy
energy
[noun]

(physics) a source of power that is required to do any work that may exist in potential, kinetic, thermal and other forms

Ex: Chemical energy stored in batteries powers electronic devices.
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force
force
[noun]

(physics) an effect that causes a body to move or change direction

Ex: She applied a force of 10 newtons to push the box across the floor .
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gravity
gravity
[noun]

(physics) the universal force of attraction between any pair of objects with mass

Ex: The strength of gravity on Earth 's surface is approximately 9.81 meters per second squared ( m / s² ) .
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wave
wave
[noun]

(physics) an oscillating movement by which energy is transferred without the transport of matter, such as light and sound

Ex: The amplitude of a wave affects its energy .
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tension
tension
[noun]

(physics) the state of being under pressure as a result of getting stretched

Ex: When two teams tug a rope equally , the tension at the center is zero .
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pressure
pressure
[noun]

(physics) the amount of force exerted per area that is measured in pascal, newton per square meter, etc.

Ex: Submarines withstand immense water pressure at great depths .
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elasticity

the ability to go back to the original form after being stretched

Ex: Engineers test the elasticity of materials to ensure durability .
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density
density
[noun]

(physics) the degree to which a substance is compacted, measured by dividing its mass by its volume

Ex: To determine the density of an object , you divide its mass by its volume .
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fusion
fusion
[noun]

(physics) a nuclear reaction by which the nuclei of atoms combine and form a heavier nucleus, producing nuclear energy

Ex: The ITER project tests magnetic confinement for controlled fusion.
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relativity

a theory that explains the relationship between motion, space, and time

Ex: Mercury 's orbit confirmed general relativity's accuracy .
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potential
potential
[noun]

the energy difference that drives current, typically measured in volts

Ex: The technician adjusted the circuit to maintain a consistent potential throughout the system .
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particle
particle
[noun]

(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.

Ex: Scientists study the movement and interactions of particles to understand the fundamental forces of nature .
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magnetism
magnetism
[noun]

a phenomenon of attracting and repulsing forces that a moving electrical charge produces

Ex: The lecture explained how magnetism and electricity are intertwined .
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current
current
[noun]

a flow of electricity resulted from the movement of electrically charged particles in a direction

Ex: The alternator produces a current by moving charged particles within its magnetic field .
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voltage
voltage
[noun]

total potential energy provided by a power source

Ex: Industrial machines require 480V to operate.
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