Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 5) - Geology

Here, you will learn some English words related to Geology that are necessary for the Basic Academic IELTS exam.

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rock

[noun]

a solid material forming part of the earth's surface, often made of one or more minerals

Ex: The seabirds nested on the rocks high above the water .

mineral

[noun]

a solid, naturally occurring substance with a specific chemical composition, typically found in the earth's crust, such as gold, copper, etc.

Ex: Iron ore is mined for its valuable mineral content .

core

[noun]

the central part of Earth, or any other planet

Ex: The core of Venus is thought to be similar to Earth 's , with a dense , metal-rich center .

soil

[noun]

the black or brownish substance consisted of organic remains, rock particles, and clay that forms the upper layer of earth where trees or other plants grow

Ex: Farmers test the soil regularly to ensure it has the necessary nutrients for crops .

layer

[noun]

(geology) a horizontal bed or distinct sedimentary rock formation

Ex: Soil layers ( horizons ) like topsoil and subsoil have different compositions .

metamorphism

[noun]

a complete change in the form and structure of a rock as a result of heat and pressure

Ex: Contact metamorphism happens when rocks are heated by nearby magma , leading to localized changes in the rock 's structure and composition .

fossil

[noun]

the preserved remains or traces of ancient plants, animals, or other organisms found in rock

Ex: He carefully brushed dirt away from the fossil with a small tool .

hot spring

[noun]

a source of hot water that natrurally flows out of the ground

Ex: Legends claim the hot spring has healing properties .

ore

[noun]

a rock that contains valuable mineral or metal

Ex: The geologist identified the ore as bauxite , a source of aluminum .