algorithm
[noun]
a finite sequence of well-defined, mathematical instructions for completing a specific task or solving a problem
Ex:
C2 Level Wordlist - Mathematics
Here you will learn all the essential words for talking about Mathematics, collected specifically for level C2 learners.
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variance
[noun]
a measure of the dispersion or spread of a set of data points in statistics, representing the average squared deviation from the mean
Ex:
A
low
variance
indicates
that
the
data points
tend
to
be
close to
the
mean
,
while
a
high
variance
suggests
that
the
data points
are
more
spread out
.
derivative
[noun]
the rate at which a function changes with respect to its independent variable
Ex:
Finding
the
derivative
of
a
distance
function
results
in
the
instantaneous
speed
function
,
representing
the
speed
of
an
object
at
a
specific
moment
.
integral
[noun]
a mathematical concept representing the total accumulation of a quantity, often represented by the area under a curve on a graph
Ex:
limit
[noun]
the value that a function or sequence approaches as its input or index gets close to a particular value
Ex:
The
limit
of
a
fraction
where
the
numerator
and
denominator
both
approach
infinity
may
involve
applying
L'Hôpital
's
Rule
.
catastrophe theory
[noun]
a branch of mathematics that studies and classifies phenomena characterized by sudden shifts in behavior arising from small changes in circumstances
Ex:
Applications
of
catastrophe theory
range
from
biology
and
ecology
to
economics
and
psychology
,
where
it
helps
explain
abrupt
shifts
in
phenomena
such as
population
dynamics
,
market
crashes
,
and
sudden
changes
in
behavior
.
logarithm
[noun]
a mathematical function that represents the exponent to which a fixed number, called the base, must be raised to produce a given number
Ex:
Engineers
often
apply
logarithms
in
signal
processing
for
efficient
data
representation
.
prime
[noun]
a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself
Ex:
In
math
class
,
we
learned
how
to
identify
primes
up to
100
.
vector
[noun]
an ordered set of numbers that describes both magnitude and direction, commonly used to represent quantities like displacement, velocity, or force in physics and engineering
Ex:
Acceleration
,
a
vector
in
kinematics
,
represents
the
rate
of
change
of
velocity
over time
.
theorem
[noun]
a statement or proposition that has been proven to be true based on previously established axioms, definitions, and other theorems within a particular mathematical or logical system
Ex:
The
Pythagorean
theorem
is
a
well-known
principle
in
geometry
.
permutation
[noun]
(mathematics) a rearrangement of a set of elements in a specific order or sequence
Ex:
Combinatorics
relies on
permutations
to
count
arrangements
without
repetition
.
eigenvalue
[noun]
a special number used in linear algebra to describe how vectors change during transformations
Ex:
Engineers
use
eigenvalues
to
understand
structural
stability
in
bridges
.
set theory
[noun]
a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of sets, which are collections of distinct objects, and their properties, relationships, and operations
Ex:
Mathematicians
use
set theory
to
study
the
properties
and
operations
of
sets
.
polynomial
[noun]
a mathematical expression with variables raised to powers and combined using arithmetic operations
Ex:
The
expression
2x+3
is
a
simple
polynomial
.
integration
[noun]
a mathematical operation that calculates the accumulation of quantities, represented as the area under a curve on a graph
Ex:
Integration
is
crucial
in
calculus
for
finding
patterns
in
numbers
.
matrix multiplication
[noun]
a mathematical operation that combines two matrices to produce a new matrix, calculated by multiplying rows and columns
Ex:
Matrix multiplication
is
often
performed
using
specialized
software
or
programming languages
.
quadratic equation
[noun]
an equation involving the square of a variable
Ex:
Quadratic equations
are
useful
for
calculating
areas
of
squares
and
rectangles
.