pattern

قائمة كلمات المستوى B2 - البحث العلمي

هنا سوف تتعلم بعض الكلمات الإنجليزية حول البحث العلمي، مثل "وصفي"، "تصنيف"، "استشهاد"، إلخ، المعدة لمتعلمي المستوى B2.

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CEFR B2 Vocabulary
analytical
analytical
[صفة]

describing a method for understanding things through the use of logic and detailed thinking

تحليلي

تحليلي

Ex: An analytical essay critically examines a topic by presenting evidence and logical arguments. 

التحليلي يفحص موضوعًا بشكل نقدي من خلال تقديم أدلة وحجج منطقية.

comparative
comparative
[صفة]

involving the examination of similarities and differences between two or more things

Ex: The book offers a comparative overview of ancient legal systems. 
descriptive
descriptive
[صفة]

providing detailed information about how something looks, feels, sounds, or behaves

وصفي، مفصل

وصفي، مفصل

Ex: The descriptive labels on the products helped customers make informed choices. 

ساعدت الملصقات الوصفية على المنتجات العملاء على اتخاذ خيارات مستنيرة.

to cite
to cite
[فعل]

to mention something as an example, reason, or evidence in support of a statement or argument

يستشهد, يذكر

يستشهد, يذكر

Ex: Critics often cite this case as an example of poor management. 
to classify
to classify
[فعل]

to arrange people or things into groups according to shared characteristics or qualities

Ex: Daniel found it difficult to classify the unusual plant. 
to compile
to compile
[فعل]

to collect and organize information or material for a particular purpose

Ex: We are compiling names and contact details for the mailing list. 
to conduct
to conduct
[فعل]

to direct or participate in the management, organization, or execution of something

يقود, ينظم

يقود, ينظم

Ex: The captain is responsible for conducting the team's training sessions to improve performance. 
to demonstrate

to show clearly that something is true or exists by providing proof or evidence

يظهر, يثبت

يظهر, يثبت

Ex: The experiment demonstrated the effectiveness of the new medication in reducing symptoms. 
to derive
to derive
[فعل]

to figure out or establish something through logical analysis or reasoning

يستنتج, يحدد

يستنتج, يحدد

Ex: Philosophers derive ethical principles through rational inquiry and moral reasoning. 
to detect
to detect
[فعل]

to notice or discover something that is difficult to find

كشف, اكتشاف

كشف, اكتشاف

Ex: Last week, the researcher detected a discrepancy in the experiment results. 
to document
to document
[فعل]

to support an argument, claim, etc. by providing facts and evidence

توثيق, إثبات

توثيق, إثبات

Ex: The researcher documented statistical data and peer-reviewed studies to validate the effectiveness of the new treatment. 
to estimate
to estimate
[فعل]

to guess the value, number, quantity, size, etc. of something without exact calculation

قدّر, خمّن

قدّر, خمّن

Ex: She tried to estimate the time it would take to finish the project. 
to evaluate
to evaluate
[فعل]

to judge the quality, importance, value, or effectiveness of someone or something

Ex: Daniel carefully evaluated his options before accepting the offer. 
to imply
to imply
[فعل]

to suggest that one thing is the logical consequence of the other

يشير, يتضمن

يشير, يتضمن

Ex: The high turnover rate implies issues with employee satisfaction. 
to interpret
to interpret
[فعل]

to explain what something means

فسر, شرح

فسر, شرح

Ex: The guide interpreted the symbols carved into the stone. 
to observe
to observe
[فعل]

to carefully watch something in order gain knowledge or understanding about the subject

يراقب, يفحص

يراقب, يفحص

Ex: While the storm was raging, scientists were observing the impact on the coastline. 
to outline
to outline
[فعل]

to give a brief description of something excluding the details

يحدد الخطوط العريضة, يصف بإيجاز

يحدد الخطوط العريضة, يصف بإيجاز

Ex: In the business plan, the entrepreneur outlined the goals and strategies for the next quarter. 
to survey
to survey
[فعل]

to collect information about a subject from a group of people by asking them questions

استطلاع, مسح

استطلاع, مسح

Ex: The researchers surveyed hundreds of college students. 
case study
case study
[اسم]

a recorded analysis of a person, group, event or situation over a length of time

دراسة حالة, حالة دراسة

دراسة حالة, حالة دراسة

Ex: The environmentalist conducted a case study on the effects of deforestation on local wildlife populations. 

أجرى عالم البيئة دراسة حالة حول آثار إزالة الغابات على التجمعات المحلية للحياة البرية.

chart
chart
[اسم]

an information sheet in the form of a graph, diagram, or table that is easy to understand

رسم بياني, جدول

رسم بياني, جدول

Ex: They created a chart to track the progress of the project milestones. 
diagram
diagram
[اسم]

a simplified drawing or plan used to show the parts, structure, operation, or relationships of something

رسم بياني

رسم بياني

Ex: The report contains a diagram showing the structure of the organization. 
document
document
[اسم]

a computer file, book, piece of paper etc. that is used as evidence or a source of information

وثيقة, ملف

وثيقة, ملف

Ex: He stored important documents securely in a fireproof safe. 
evaluation
evaluation
[اسم]

a judgment on the quantity and quality of something after careful consideration

تقييم

تقييم

Ex: Consumer evaluations of the new product were overwhelmingly positive, citing its ease of use and durability. 
hypothesis
hypothesis
[اسم]

a proposed explanation for a situation or set of facts that has not yet been proved

Ex: He proposed a hypothesis to explain the unusual pattern. 
experiment
experiment
[اسم]

a test done to prove the truthfulness of a hypothesis

تجربة

تجربة

Ex: Students were required to write a report detailing their experiment methodology. 
sample
sample
[اسم]

a randomly selected part of a larger group, put to study in order to gain knowledge or to draw conclusions about the larger group

عينة, نموذج

عينة, نموذج

Ex: A sample of students was selected to participate in the study on learning strategies in mathematics. 
variable
variable
[اسم]

something that is subject to change and can affect the result of a situation

متغير, عامل متغير

متغير, عامل متغير

Ex: Cost is an important variable when choosing a new car. 
instrument
instrument
[اسم]

a device or tool that requires specific knowledge on how to be used

أداة, جهاز

أداة, جهاز

Ex: The engineer demonstrated how to use the new instrument for the data analysis. 
questionnaire

a written or online set of questions used to collect information from people

Ex: The school asked parents to fill out a short questionnaire about transportation. 
reference
reference
[اسم]

a short note in a book giving information about the source of its subject

مرجع, ملاحظة مرجعية

مرجع, ملاحظة مرجعية

Ex: The reference note gave credit to the historian who provided the key insights for the book. 
trial
trial
[اسم]

a process conducted in order to decide on how effective, safe, etc. someone or something is

محاكمة

محاكمة

Ex: The trial was designed to evaluate the new drug's effectiveness. 
trial and error
trial and error
[عبارة]

the process of testing a method, an idea, etc. in several ways to achieve the desired outcome

Ex: The team improved the design by trial and error. 
finding
finding
[اسم]

a piece of information discovered as a result of a research

اكتشاف, نتيجة

اكتشاف, نتيجة

Ex: Her recent findings could change the way we understand climate change. 
law
law
[اسم]

a scientific principle or rule that describes something scientific or natural always being the same or occurring in the same way, given specific conditions are met

قانون, مبدأ علمي

قانون, مبدأ علمي

Ex: Boyle's law describes the relationship between pressure and volume in a gas. 
model
model
[اسم]

a description of a process or system that is simplified to demonstrate how it works under specific circumstances, especially in mathematics

نموذج, مخطط

نموذج, مخطط

Ex: The teacher used a simple model to demonstrate how supply and demand affect prices. 
principle
principle
[اسم]

a fundamental rule that is considered to be true and can serve as a basis for further reasoning or behavior

مبدأ

مبدأ

Ex: The scientific method is based on the principle of empirical evidence. 
procedure
procedure
[اسم]

a particular set of actions conducted in a certain way

إجراء, طريقة

إجراء, طريقة

Ex: She carefully followed the procedure for setting up the new software system to avoid errors. 
proof
proof
[اسم]

evidence that establishes or strongly demonstrates that something is true or exists

Ex: You may need to show proof of identity at the front desk. 
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