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B2 Level Wordlist - Scientific Research

Here you will learn some English words about scientific research, such as "descriptive", "classify", "cite", etc. prepared for B2 learners.

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CEFR B2 Vocabulary
analytical
analytical
[Adjective]

describing a method for understanding things through the use of logic and detailed thinking

Ex: An analytical essay critically examines a topic by presenting evidence and logical arguments .
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comparative
comparative
[Adjective]

relating to or including the evaluation of similarities and differences between two or more things

Ex: Their research provided a comparative perspective on the economic growth of urban versus rural areas .
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descriptive
descriptive
[Adjective]

providing detailed information about how something looks, feels, sounds, or behaves

Ex: The descriptive labels on the products helped customers make informed choices .
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to cite
to cite
[Verb]

to refer to something as an example or proof

Ex: The manager cited successful business strategies to propose changes in the company .
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to classify

to put people or things in different categories or groups

Ex: The botanist recently classified plants into different species based on their characteristics .
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to compile

to gather information in order to produce a book, report, etc.

Ex: The editor compiled articles from different writers into a magazine issue .
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to conduct

to direct or participate in the management, organization, or execution of something

Ex: The CEO will personally conduct negotiations with potential business partners .
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to demonstrate

to show clearly that something is true or exists by providing proof or evidence

Ex: She demonstrated her leadership abilities by organizing a successful event .
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to derive
to derive
[Verb]

to figure out or establish something through logical analysis or reasoning

Ex: Detectives derive conclusions about criminal cases through evidence analysis and deductive reasoning .
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to detect
to detect
[Verb]

to notice or discover something that is difficult to find

Ex: The lifeguard detected signs of distress in the swimmer and acted promptly .
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to document

to support an argument, claim, etc. by providing facts and evidence

Ex: They had documented every step of the process to ensure transparency .
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to estimate

to guess the value, number, quantity, size, etc. of something without exact calculation

Ex: We need to estimate the total expenses for the event before planning the budget .
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to evaluate

to calculate or judge the quality, value, significance, or effectiveness of something or someone

Ex: It 's important to evaluate the environmental impact of new construction projects before granting permits .
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to imply
to imply
[Verb]

to suggest that one thing is the logical consequence of the other

Ex: The decrease in sales implies that the marketing strategy needs to be reevaluated .
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to interpret

to explain what something means

Ex: The lawyer had to interpret the legal terms to make sure the client understood the contract .
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to observe

to carefully watch something in order gain knowledge or understanding about the subject

Ex: The researchers were observing the experiment closely as the data unfolded .
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to outline

to give a brief description of something excluding the details

Ex: Before starting the research paper , the scientist outlined the hypotheses and methodologies to guide the study .
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to survey
to survey
[Verb]

to collect information about a subject from a group of people by asking them questions

Ex: The designer surveyed potential users to get feedback on the prototype .
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case study

a recorded analysis of a person, group, event or situation over a length of time

Ex: The environmentalist conducted a case study on the effects of deforestation on local wildlife populations .
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chart
chart
[noun]

an information sheet in the form of a graph, diagram, or table that is easy to understand

Ex: The chart was color-coded to make the data easier to interpret at a glance .
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diagram
diagram
[noun]

a graphic design intended to explain something

Ex: During the meeting , the manager used a diagram to outline the project ’s workflow .
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document
document
[noun]

a computer file, book, piece of paper etc. that is used as evidence or a source of information

Ex: The library archives contain a collection of rare documents dating back centuries .
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evaluation

a judgment on the quantity and quality of something after careful consideration

Ex: The annual performance evaluation provides valuable feedback to employees on their strengths and areas for improvement .
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hypothesis

an explanation based on limited facts and evidence that is not yet proved to be true

Ex: After analyzing the data , they either confirmed or refuted their initial hypothesis.
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experiment

a test done to prove the truthfulness of a hypothesis

Ex: The laboratory was equipped with state-of-the-art equipment for conducting experiments in physics .
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sample
sample
[noun]

a randomly selected part of a larger group, put to study in order to gain knowledge or to draw conclusions about the larger group

Ex: The auditor examined a sample of financial transactions to verify compliance with accounting standards .
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variable
variable
[noun]

something that is subject to change and can affect the result of a situation

Ex: The scientist adjusted one variable at a time to understand how it affected the overall experiment .
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instrument

a device or tool that requires specific knowledge on how to be used

Ex: The laboratory technician handled the delicate instrument with care to avoid any errors .
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questionnaire

a paper containing a series of questions that is given to people to collect information for statistical reasons

Ex: The researcher distributed a questionnaire to gather feedback from participants .
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reference
reference
[noun]

a short note in a book giving information about the source of its subject

Ex: The reference in the appendix helped verify the data presented in the book 's main chapters .
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trial
trial
[noun]

a process conducted in order to decide on how effective, safe, etc. someone or something is

Ex: The trial of the proposed educational program showed promising results in improving student engagement .
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trial and error

the process of testing a method, an idea, etc. in several ways to achieve the desired outcome

Ex: The team improved the design by trial and error.
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finding
finding
[noun]

a piece of information discovered as a result of a research

Ex: Their finding suggested that diet plays a major role in health outcomes .
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law
law
[noun]

a scientific principle or rule that describes something scientific or natural always being the same or occurring in the same way, given specific conditions are met

Ex: Kepler 's laws of Planetary Motion describe the orbits of planets around the sun based on observational data .
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model
model
[noun]

a description of a process or system that is simplified to demonstrate how it works under specific circumstances, especially in mathematics

Ex: The researcher developed a model to simulate how viruses spread through a population .
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principle
principle
[noun]

a fundamental rule that is considered to be true and can serve as a basis for further reasoning or behavior

Ex: We have been applying the principle throughout the project .
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procedure
procedure
[noun]

a particular set of actions conducted in a certain way

Ex: Safety procedures must be followed in the laboratory .
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proof
proof
[noun]

information or evidence that proves the truth or existence of something

Ex: She offered proof of her payment by showing the receipt from the transaction .
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