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B2 Level Wordlist - Scientific Research

Here you will learn some English words about scientific research, such as "descriptive", "classify", "cite", etc. prepared for B2 learners.

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CEFR B2 Vocabulary
analytical
analytical
[Adjective]

describing a method for understanding things through the use of logic and detailed thinking

Ex: She approached the problem with an analytical mindset, breaking it down into smaller components to find a solution. 
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comparative
comparative
[Adjective]

relating to or including the evaluation of similarities and differences between two or more things

Ex: The comparative study revealed significant differences in the teaching methods used across various schools. 
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descriptive
descriptive
[Adjective]

providing detailed information about how something looks, feels, sounds, or behaves

Ex: Her descriptive writing made the scenes in the novel come alive with vivid detail. 
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to cite
to cite
[Verb]

to refer to something as an example or proof

Ex: The lawyer cited similar court cases to argue for his client's innocence. 
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to classify

to put people or things in different categories or groups

Ex: The scientist classified the organisms into different species based on their genetic traits and physical features. 
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to compile

to gather information in order to produce a book, report, etc.

Ex: The researcher compiled data from numerous studies to create a comprehensive report on climate change. 
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to conduct

to direct or participate in the management, organization, or execution of something

Ex: The experienced project manager will conduct the team in implementing the new software. 
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to demonstrate

to show clearly that something is true or exists by providing proof or evidence

Ex: The scientist demonstrated the effectiveness of the new drug through a series of experiments. 
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to derive
to derive
[Verb]

to figure out or establish something through logical analysis or reasoning

Ex: Scientists derive the laws of physics through rigorous experimentation and mathematical analysis. 
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to detect
to detect
[Verb]

to notice or discover something that is difficult to find

Ex: The security system is designed to detect unauthorized access to the building. 
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to document

to support an argument, claim, etc. by providing facts and evidence

Ex: The lawyer documented her arguments with relevant case law and statutes. 
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to estimate

to guess the value, number, quantity, size, etc. of something without exact calculation

Ex: I estimate that there are about 100 people at the party. 
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to evaluate

to calculate or judge the quality, value, significance, or effectiveness of something or someone

Ex: The teacher evaluates students' performance through tests and assignments. 
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to imply
to imply
[Verb]

to suggest that one thing is the logical consequence of the other

Ex: The dark clouds imply that it might rain later today. 
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to interpret

to explain what something means

Ex: During the meeting, the manager interpreted the feedback from the team to improve the project. 
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to observe

to carefully watch something in order gain knowledge or understanding about the subject

Ex: Scientists observe the behavior of animals in their natural habitats. 
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to outline

to give a brief description of something excluding the details

Ex: Before writing the essay, the student outlined the main ideas to organize the structure. 
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to survey
to survey
[Verb]

to collect information about a subject from a group of people by asking them questions

Ex: The volunteers surveyed local residents about their transportation preferences. 
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case study

a recorded analysis of a person, group, event or situation over a length of time

Ex: Researchers conducted a case study to explore the long-term effects of a new drug on patients with rare medical conditions. 
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chart
chart
[noun]

an information sheet in the form of a graph, diagram, or table that is easy to understand

Ex: The chart displayed the company's sales performance over the last quarter. 
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diagram
diagram
[noun]

a graphic design intended to explain something

Ex: The teacher used a diagram to explain the structure of the cell. 
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document
document
[noun]

a computer file, book, piece of paper etc. that is used as evidence or a source of information

Ex: The historian discovered an ancient document that shed light on a lost civilization. 
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evaluation

a judgment on the quantity and quality of something after careful consideration

Ex: The evaluation of the project's success will be based on the achievement of key performance indicators. 
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hypothesis

an explanation based on limited facts and evidence that is not yet proved to be true

Ex: The scientist developed a hypothesis to explain the observed phenomena. 
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experiment

a test done to prove the truthfulness of a hypothesis

Ex: The scientists conducted an experiment to test their new hypothesis. 
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sample
sample
[noun]

a randomly selected part of a larger group, put to study in order to gain knowledge or to draw conclusions about the larger group

Ex: The survey included a random sample of 500 households to gather opinions on local transportation issues. 
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variable
variable
[noun]

something that is subject to change and can affect the result of a situation

Ex: In the experiment, temperature was a variable that could influence the outcome. 
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instrument

a device or tool that requires specific knowledge on how to be used

Ex: The scientist used a complex instrument to measure the chemical reactions accurately. 
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questionnaire

a paper containing a series of questions that is given to people to collect information for statistical reasons

Ex: The survey included a questionnaire with multiple-choice and open-ended questions. 
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reference
reference
[noun]

a short note in a book giving information about the source of its subject

Ex: At the end of the chapter, the author included a reference to the original research study. 
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trial
trial
[noun]

a process conducted in order to decide on how effective, safe, etc. someone or something is

Ex: The trial was set to evaluate the new drug's effectiveness in treating the condition. 
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trial and error

the process of testing a method, an idea, etc. in several ways to achieve the desired outcome

Ex: He learned to fix the machine through trial and error. 
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finding
finding
[noun]

a piece of information discovered as a result of a research

Ex: The scientist's finding revealed a new way to treat the disease. 
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law
law
[noun]

a scientific principle or rule that describes something scientific or natural always being the same or occurring in the same way, given specific conditions are met

Ex: Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation explains the attraction between masses based on their distance and mass. 
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model
model
[noun]

a description of a process or system that is simplified to demonstrate how it works under specific circumstances, especially in mathematics

Ex: The economic model helped analysts understand how changes in tax rates might affect the overall economy. 
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principle
principle
[noun]

a fundamental rule that is considered to be true and can serve as a basis for further reasoning or behavior

Ex: The scientific method is based on the principle of empirical evidence, requiring observations and experiments to support hypotheses. 
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procedure
procedure
[noun]

a particular set of actions conducted in a certain way

Ex: The technician followed a detailed procedure to calibrate the equipment accurately. 
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proof
proof
[noun]

information or evidence that proves the truth or existence of something

Ex: The DNA results acted as proof that the suspect was at the scene of the crime. 
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