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Listahan ng mga Salita sa Antas B2 - Pagsasaliksik na Pang-agham

Dito matututo ka ng ilang salitang Ingles tungkol sa pananaliksik pang-agham, tulad ng "naglalarawan", "uriin", "sipiin", atbp., inihanda para sa mga mag-aaral ng antas B2.

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CEFR B2 Vocabulary
analytical
analytical
[pang-uri]

describing a method for understanding things through the use of logic and detailed thinking

analitikal

analitikal

Ex: She approached the problem with an analytical mindset, breaking it down into smaller components to find a solution. 

Nilapitan niya ang problema gamit ang isang analitikal na pag-iisip, hinati-hati ito sa mas maliliit na bahagi upang makahanap ng solusyon.

comparative
comparative
[pang-uri]

involving the examination of similarities and differences between two or more things

paghahambing,  komparatibo

paghahambing, komparatibo

Ex: The researchers conducted a comparative study of the two education systems. 
descriptive
descriptive
[pang-uri]

providing detailed information about how something looks, feels, sounds, or behaves

naglalarawan,  detalyado

naglalarawan, detalyado

Ex: Her descriptive writing made the scenes in the novel come alive with vivid detail. 

Ang kanyang deskriptibong pagsulat ay nagbigay-buhay sa mga eksena sa nobela na may matingkad na detalye.

to cite
to cite
[Pandiwa]

to mention something as an example, reason, or evidence in support of a statement or argument

sumipi, banggitin

sumipi, banggitin

Ex: The report cites several studies as evidence for its conclusions. 
to classify
to classify
[Pandiwa]

to arrange people or things into groups according to shared characteristics or qualities

Ex: The library classifies books according to subject. 
to compile
to compile
[Pandiwa]

to collect and organize information or material for a particular purpose

mangalap,  magtipon

mangalap, magtipon

Ex: Emily compiled data from hundreds of customer surveys. 
to conduct
to conduct
[Pandiwa]

to direct or participate in the management, organization, or execution of something

pamunuan, isagawa

pamunuan, isagawa

Ex: The CEO will personally conduct negotiations with potential business partners. 
to demonstrate

to show clearly that something is true or exists by providing proof or evidence

ipakita, patunayan

ipakita, patunayan

Ex: She demonstrated her leadership abilities by organizing a successful event. 
to derive
to derive
[Pandiwa]

to figure out or establish something through logical analysis or reasoning

makuha, itatag

makuha, itatag

Ex: Detectives derive conclusions about criminal cases through evidence analysis and deductive reasoning. 
to detect
to detect
[Pandiwa]

to notice or discover something that is difficult to find

tuklasin, malaman

tuklasin, malaman

Ex: The lifeguard detected signs of distress in the swimmer and acted promptly. 
to document
to document
[Pandiwa]

to support an argument, claim, etc. by providing facts and evidence

dokumento, patunayan

dokumento, patunayan

Ex: They had documented every step of the process to ensure transparency. 
to estimate
to estimate
[Pandiwa]

to guess the value, number, quantity, size, etc. of something without exact calculation

tantiyahin, hatiin

tantiyahin, hatiin

Ex: We need to estimate the total expenses for the event before planning the budget. 
to evaluate
to evaluate
[Pandiwa]

to judge the quality, importance, value, or effectiveness of someone or something

Ex: The committee will evaluate each proposal before making a decision. 
to imply
to imply
[Pandiwa]

to suggest that one thing is the logical consequence of the other

ipahiwatig, magsaad

ipahiwatig, magsaad

Ex: The decrease in sales implies that the marketing strategy needs to be reevaluated. 
to interpret
to interpret
[Pandiwa]

to explain what something means

bigyang-kahulugan, ipaliwanag

bigyang-kahulugan, ipaliwanag

Ex: During the meeting, the manager interpreted the feedback from the team to improve the project. 
to observe
to observe
[Pandiwa]

to carefully watch something in order gain knowledge or understanding about the subject

obserbahan, suriin

obserbahan, suriin

Ex: The researchers were observing the experiment closely as the data unfolded. 
to outline
to outline
[Pandiwa]

to give a brief description of something excluding the details

balangkas, ilarawan nang maikli

balangkas, ilarawan nang maikli

Ex: Before starting the research paper, the scientist outlined the hypotheses and methodologies to guide the study. 
to survey
to survey
[Pandiwa]

to collect information about a subject from a group of people by asking them questions

survey, magtanong

survey, magtanong

Ex: The volunteers surveyed local residents about their transportation preferences. 
case study
case study
[Pangngalan]

a recorded analysis of a person, group, event or situation over a length of time

pag-aaral ng kaso, kaso ng pag-aaral

pag-aaral ng kaso, kaso ng pag-aaral

Ex: Researchers conducted a case study to explore the long-term effects of a new drug on patients with rare medical conditions. 

Ang mga mananaliksik ay nagsagawa ng isang case study upang tuklasin ang pangmatagalang epekto ng isang bagong gamot sa mga pasyenteng may bihirang kondisyong medikal.

chart
chart
[Pangngalan]

an information sheet in the form of a graph, diagram, or table that is easy to understand

tsart, talahanayan

tsart, talahanayan

Ex: The chart was color-coded to make the data easier to interpret at a glance. 
diagram
diagram
[Pangngalan]

a simplified drawing or plan used to show the parts, structure, operation, or relationships of something

dayagram

dayagram

Ex: The teacher drew a diagram of the human heart on the board. 
document
document
[Pangngalan]

a computer file, book, piece of paper etc. that is used as evidence or a source of information

dokumento, file

dokumento, file

Ex: The library archives contain a collection of rare documents dating back centuries. 
evaluation
evaluation
[Pangngalan]

a judgment on the quantity and quality of something after careful consideration

pagsusuri

pagsusuri

Ex: The annual performance evaluation provides valuable feedback to employees on their strengths and areas for improvement. 
hypothesis
hypothesis
[Pangngalan]

a proposed explanation for a situation or set of facts that has not yet been proved

Ex: One hypothesis is that the decline was caused by changing consumer habits. 
experiment
experiment
[Pangngalan]

a test done to prove the truthfulness of a hypothesis

eksperimento

eksperimento

Ex: The laboratory was equipped with state-of-the-art equipment for conducting experiments in physics. 
sample
sample
[Pangngalan]

a randomly selected part of a larger group, put to study in order to gain knowledge or to draw conclusions about the larger group

halimbawa, sampol

halimbawa, sampol

Ex: The auditor examined a sample of financial transactions to verify compliance with accounting standards. 
variable
variable
[Pangngalan]

something that is subject to change and can affect the result of a situation

variable, baguhin na salik

variable, baguhin na salik

Ex: In the experiment, temperature was a variable that could influence the outcome. 
instrument
instrument
[Pangngalan]

a device or tool that requires specific knowledge on how to be used

instrumento, kasangkapan

instrumento, kasangkapan

Ex: The laboratory technician handled the delicate instrument with care to avoid any errors. 
questionnaire
questionnaire
[Pangngalan]

a written or online set of questions used to collect information from people

talatanungan,  questionniare

talatanungan, questionniare

Ex: Emma completed a questionnaire about her shopping habits. 
reference
reference
[Pangngalan]

a short note in a book giving information about the source of its subject

sanggunian, tala ng sanggunian

sanggunian, tala ng sanggunian

Ex: The reference in the appendix helped verify the data presented in the book's main chapters. 
trial
trial
[Pangngalan]

a process conducted in order to decide on how effective, safe, etc. someone or something is

pagsubok

pagsubok

Ex: The trial was set to evaluate the new drug's effectiveness in treating the condition. 
trial and error
trial and error
[Parirala]

the process of testing a method, an idea, etc. in several ways to achieve the desired outcome

Ex: He learned to fix the machine through trial and error. 
finding
finding
[Pangngalan]

a piece of information discovered as a result of a research

pagtuklas, natuklasan

pagtuklas, natuklasan

Ex: Their finding suggested that diet plays a major role in health outcomes. 
law
law
[Pangngalan]

a scientific principle or rule that describes something scientific or natural always being the same or occurring in the same way, given specific conditions are met

batas, prinsipyo ng agham

batas, prinsipyo ng agham

Ex: Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation explains the attraction between masses based on their distance and mass. 
model
model
[Pangngalan]

a description of a process or system that is simplified to demonstrate how it works under specific circumstances, especially in mathematics

modelo, balangkas

modelo, balangkas

Ex: The researcher developed a model to simulate how viruses spread through a population. 
principle
principle
[Pangngalan]

a fundamental rule that is considered to be true and can serve as a basis for further reasoning or behavior

prinsipyo

prinsipyo

Ex: The scientific method is based on the principle of empirical evidence, requiring observations and experiments to support hypotheses. 
procedure
procedure
[Pangngalan]

a particular set of actions conducted in a certain way

pamamaraan, paraan

pamamaraan, paraan

Ex: Safety procedures must be followed in the laboratory. 
proof
proof
[Pangngalan]

evidence that establishes or strongly demonstrates that something is true or exists

patunay,  ebidensya

patunay, ebidensya

Ex: The police found no proof that Daniel had entered the building. 
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