کتاب 'اینسایت' فوق متوسط - واحد 8 - 8A

causing emotional or physical pain in someone

دردناک

causing a lot of difficulty, pain, distress, or discomfort

عذاب‌آور

causing admiration because of size, skill, importance, etc.

تحسین‌برانگیز

evoking a feeling of great respect, admiration, and sometimes fear, due to their impressive or majestic nature

هیبت‌انگیز

causing sadness, anger, or concern

نگران‌کننده

causing feelings of discomfort, sadness, or anxiety

آزار‌دهنده

completely ruined or severely damaged beyond repair or use

تخریب شده

noting or highlighting mistakes or imperfections

انتقادآمیز

prohibited by law or made illegal

ممنوع

the killing of animals for food, often done on a large scale in industrial settings

سلاخی

so numerous that it cannot be easily counted or quantified

بی‌شمار

exceptionally large in size

غول‌پیکر

completely destroyed or eliminated

نیست‌ونابود‌شده

showing no emotion or sympathy

بی‌عاطفه

the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person

همدردی

to find oneself in a better condition or situation

در وضعیت بهتری بودن

to develop something using certain facts, ideas, situations, etc.

بر چیزی مبتنی بودن

to move from a lower to a higher position

بالا آمدن

something that is caused by something else

نتیجه

to be determined or affected by something else

بستگی داشتن

any of the constituents that are added to a compound or mixture in order to make it, such as the foods in a meal

مواد تشکیل‌دهنده

to say that one is willing to damage something or hurt someone if one's demands are not met

تهدید کردن

to act violently against someone or something to try to harm them

حمله کردن

a part of a whole number, such as ½

کسر

to cause someone to worry

نگران کردن

relating to the natural world and effects of human actions on it

زیست‌محیطی

to officially forbid a particular action, item, or practice

قدغن کردن

to make something happen, usually something bad

موجب شدن

to keep something from change or harm

حفظ کردن

to make something stay in the same state or condition

نگه داشتن

to use something in an excessive manner that can result in depletion or damage of the resource being used

به‌طور بی‌رویه استفاده کردن

to not let someone to do something

منع کردن

to make something smaller in amount, degree, price, etc.

کاهش دادن

to say that one is willing to damage something or hurt someone if one's demands are not met

تهدید کردن

to prevent someone or something from being damaged or harmed

محافظت کردن

lack of equal distribution between two or more things, often resulting in an unfair situation

عدم تعادل

everything that exists or happens on the earth, excluding things that humans make or control

طبیعت

causing damage or negative effects to someone or something

مضر

an influence or effect that something has on a person, situation, or thing

تأثیر

(usually plural) a country's gas, oil, trees, etc. that are considered valuable and therefore can be sold to gain wealth

منابع و ذخایر طبیعی

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

بوم‌سازگان

a group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into

گونه

a nonmetal element that can be found in all organic compounds and living things

کربن

the act of producing or releasing something, especially gas or radiation, into the atmosphere or environment

انتشار (آلاینده گازی، رادیواکتیو و غیره)

a type of waste that contains harmful chemicals that can cause serious health and environmental problems if not properly handled and disposed of

زباله سمی

the place or area in which certain animals, birds, or plants naturally exist, lives, and grows

زیستگاه