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Cambridge IELTS 15 - Akademiko - Pagsusulit 4 - Pagbasa - Talata 2

Matuto ng bokabularyo mula sa Cambridge IELTS 15 Academic, Test 4 Reading Passage 2, at repasuhin ang mga kapaki-pakinabang na salita at expression mula sa reading text na ito.

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Pagsusulit

Simulan ang pag-aaral
Cambridge IELTS 15 - Academic
off
off
[pang-abay]

at or to a certain distance away in physical space

malayo, sa malayo

malayo, sa malayo

Ex: He watched silently from ten feet off. 

Tahimik niyang pinagmasdan mula sa sampung talampakan.

mountainous
mountainous
[pang-uri]

(of an area) having a lot of mountains

mabundok, bulubundukin

mabundok, bulubundukin

Ex: The mountainous region offers breathtaking views and challenging hikes. 

Ang rehiyon na bulubundukin ay nag-aalok ng nakakapanghinang mga tanawin at mapanghamong mga paglalakad.

steep
steep
[pang-uri]

(of a surface) having a sharp slope or angle, making it difficult to climb or walk up

matarik, tumitindig

matarik, tumitindig

Ex: The steep hill made the hike challenging, requiring extra effort to ascend. 

Ang matarik na burol ay naging mahirap ang pag-akyat, na nangangailangan ng dagdag na pagsisikap para umakyat.

rocky
rocky
[pang-uri]

having a surface that is covered with large, uneven, or rough rocks, stones, or boulders

mabato, mabatong-bato

mabato, mabatong-bato

Ex: The path up the mountain was rocky, making the hike challenging. 

Ang daan patungo sa bundok ay mabato, na nagpahirap sa paglalakad.

slope
slope
[Pangngalan]

a raised landform, hill, or incline

dalisdis, bangin

dalisdis, bangin

Ex: The hikers climbed the steep slope. 

Umakyat ang mga manlalakbay sa matarik na dalisdis.

wooded
wooded
[pang-uri]

covered with growing trees and bushes etc

madamo, punong kahoy

madamo, punong kahoy

ravine
ravine
[Pangngalan]

a deep narrow valley with steep sides, usually worn by a stream

bangin,  libis

bangin, libis

Ex: The ravine cut through the forest, its steep sides marked by erosion from the flowing creek at its base. 

Ang bangin ay tumatawid sa kagubatan, ang matatarik nitong gilid ay markado ng erosyon mula sa umaagos na sapa sa base nito.

whistle
whistle
[Pangngalan]

the action of producing a sound to signal, summon, or attract attention

sipol, tunog ng pito

sipol, tunog ng pito

Ex: The lifeguard's whistle alerts swimmers to danger. 

Ang sipol ng lifeguard ay nagbabala sa mga manlalangoy ng panganib.

means
means
[Pangngalan]

a way, system, object, etc. through which one can achieve a goal or accomplish a task

paraan, kasangkapan

paraan, kasangkapan

Ex: Education is a powerful means to improve one's future prospects. 

Ang edukasyon ay isang makapangyarihang paraan upang mapabuti ang mga prospect sa hinaharap ng isang tao.

to transmit
to transmit
[Pandiwa]

to convey or communicate something, such as information, ideas, or emotions, from one person to another

ipadala, ipabatid

ipadala, ipabatid

Ex: The documentary aimed to transmit the struggles and triumphs of a community. 

Ang dokumentaryo ay naglalayong iparating ang mga pakikibaka at tagumpay ng isang komunidad.

terrain
terrain
[Pangngalan]

an area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features

lupain, tanawin

lupain, tanawin

Ex: The rugged terrain of the mountainous region posed a significant challenge for the hikers, requiring careful navigation and endurance. 

Ang mabato at hindi pantay na lupa ng bulubunduking rehiyon ay naging malaking hamon sa mga manlalakbay, na nangangailangan ng maingat na pag-navigate at tibay.

to [shed] light on {sth}

to provide clarification, understanding, or insight into a topic, situation, or problem

magbigay-linaw sa isang bagay, linawin ang isang usapin

magbigay-linaw sa isang bagay, linawin ang isang usapin

Ex: The new report sheds light on why the project failed. 

Nagbibigay-linaw ang bagong ulat kung bakit nabigo ang proyekto.

to associate
to associate
[Pandiwa]

to make a connection between someone or something and another in the mind

iugnay, isama

iugnay, isama

Ex: Many people associate the smell of freshly baked cookies with warmth and home. 

Maraming tao ang iniuugnay ang amoy ng sariwang lutong cookies sa init at tahanan.

remarkably
remarkably
[pang-abay]

in a way that is unusually impressive, effective, or surprising

kapansin-pansin, sa isang kapansin-pansing paraan

kapansin-pansin, sa isang kapansin-pansing paraan

Ex: She sang the aria remarkably, with both power and subtlety. 

Kumanta siya ng aria nang kahanga-hanga, na may kapangyarihan at kagandahan.

flexible
flexible
[pang-uri]

capable of adjusting easily to different situations, circumstances, or needs

nababaluktot, naaangkop

nababaluktot, naaangkop

Ex: Her flexible approach to problem-solving made her an excellent team member. 

Ang kanyang flexible na paraan ng paglutas ng problema ang nagpabuti sa kanya bilang miyembro ng koponan.

to interpret
to interpret
[Pandiwa]

to understand or assign meaning to something

bigyang-kahulugan, unawain

bigyang-kahulugan, unawain

Ex: Psychologists interpret dreams to gain insights into a person's subconscious thoughts. 

Binibigyang-kahulugan ng mga psychologist ang mga panaginip upang makakuha ng mga pananaw sa mga subconscious na pag-iisip ng isang tao.

scope
scope
[Pangngalan]

the area or extent within which something operates, has influence, or exercises control

saklaw, lawak

saklaw, lawak

Ex: The project's scope expanded to include environmental research. 

Ang saklaw ng proyekto ay pinalawak upang isama ang pananaliksik sa kapaligiran.

to recognize
to recognize
[Pandiwa]

to completely understand, acknowledge, or become aware of the existence, validity, or importance of something

kilalanin, tanggapin

kilalanin, tanggapin

Ex: He didn't recognize the importance of financial planning until he faced a major expense. 

Hindi niya nakilala ang kahalagahan ng pagpaplano sa pananalapi hanggang sa harapin niya ang isang malaking gastos.

co-author
co-author
[Pangngalan]

a person who collaborates with one or more individuals in writing a book, article, or other work

kasamang may-akda, kasamang manunulat

kasamang may-akda, kasamang manunulat

Ex: She served as co-author of the research paper. 

Nagsilbi siya bilang co-author ng research paper.

associate professor

a teacher lower in rank than a full professor but higher than an assistant professor

katulong na propesor, propesor na kaakibat

katulong na propesor, propesor na kaakibat

substitute
substitute
[Pangngalan]

an object or thing used in place of another

pamalit, kahalili

pamalit, kahalili

Ex: Soya milk is a common substitute for dairy milk in vegan diets. 

Ang gatas ng toyo ay isang karaniwang pamalit sa gatas ng gatas sa mga dietang vegan.

individual
individual
[pang-uri]

considered a separate or distinct entity

indibidwal, hiwalay

indibidwal, hiwalay

Ex: The study focused on individual differences in learning styles among children. 

Ang pag-aaral ay nakatuon sa mga indibidwal na pagkakaiba sa mga istilo ng pag-aaral sa mga bata.

frequency
frequency
[Pangngalan]

the specific number of waves that pass a point every second

dalas

dalas

Ex: The radio station broadcasts at a frequency of 101.5 megahertz. 

Ang istasyon ng radyo ay nagba-broadcast sa isang dalas na 101.5 megahertz.

tone
tone
[Pangngalan]

a vocal or musical sound with a particular pitch, intensity, and quality

tono, tonalidad

tono, tonalidad

Ex: She spent hours practicing to perfect the tone of her voice, ensuring it was just right for the important audition. 

Ginugol niya ang oras sa pagsasanay upang perpektuhin ang tono ng kanyang boses, tinitiyak na ito ay tama para sa mahalang audition.

pitch
pitch
[Pangngalan]

the degree of highness or lowness of a tone that is determined by the frequency of waves producing it

tono, antas

tono, antas

Ex: She adjusted the pitch of her voice to match the melody of the song perfectly. 

Inayos niya ang tono ng kanyang boses upang tugma nang perpekto sa himig ng kanta.

to cup
to cup
[Pandiwa]

to shape one's hands in a rounded or curved manner

hugisan bilog ang kamay, gawing hugis tasa ang mga kamay

hugisan bilog ang kamay, gawing hugis tasa ang mga kamay

Ex: He cupped his hands together, creating a makeshift container for the stray kitten. 

Binuksan niya ang kanyang mga kamay para gumawa ng pansamantalang lalagyan para sa pusang naligaw.

to adjust
to adjust
[Pandiwa]

to slightly alter or move something in order to improve it or make it work better

ayusin, itama

ayusin, itama

Ex: The musician often adjusts the tuning of his guitar before each performance. 

Ang musikero ay madalas na nag-aayos ng tuning ng kanyang gitara bago ang bawat pagtatanghal.

direction
direction
[Pangngalan]

the position that someone or something faces, points, or moves toward

direksyon, gawi

direksyon, gawi

Ex: She looked in the direction of the sound, curious about what was happening nearby. 

Tumingin siya sa direksyon ng tunog, curious kung ano ang nangyayari sa malapit.

ambiguity
ambiguity
[Pangngalan]

the state of being unclear due to multiple possible meanings

kalabuan, kawalang-katiyakan

kalabuan, kawalang-katiyakan

Ex: Without specific dates in the old letter, there was ambiguity about when the events actually occurred. 

Nang walang partikular na mga petsa sa lumang sulat, mayroong kalabuan tungkol sa kung kailan talaga naganap ang mga pangyayari.

to distinguish

to recognize and mentally separate two things, people, etc.

kilalanin, pag-iba-ibahin

kilalanin, pag-iba-ibahin

Ex: The detective could distinguish the authentic painting from the clever forgery. 

Maaaring makilala ng detective ang tunay na painting mula sa matalinong peke.

repetition
repetition
[Pangngalan]

the act of doing or performing something again

pag-uulit

pag-uulit

Ex: The athlete's success was due to the repetition of his training routine. 

Ang tagumpay ng atleta ay dahil sa pag-uulit ng kanyang training routine.

context
context
[Pangngalan]

the surrounding discourse that provides clarity and understanding to a language unit, helping to determine its interpretation

konteksto, balangkas

konteksto, balangkas

Ex: The context of the conversation helped clarify what she meant by "late." 

Ang konteksto ng usapan ay nakatulong upang linawin kung ano ang ibig niyang sabihin sa "huli".

to [make] {oneself} understood

to express one's thoughts and ideas clearly and effectively so that others can understand them easily

Ex: I want all of this cleaned up right now, or I'll take away your video games for the weekend.  Have I made myself understood? 
shepherd
shepherd
[Pangngalan]

a person who protects a large group of sheep as a job

pastol, tagapag-alaga ng tupa

pastol, tagapag-alaga ng tupa

Ex: The shepherd guided the flock across the valley. 

Ang pastol ang nag-akay sa kawan sa kabila ng lambak.

folk
folk
[Pangngalan]

a group of people who share the same culture, usually in traditional societies

tao, mga tao

tao, mga tao

Ex: The folk of the region have preserved their ancient traditions for centuries. 

Ang mga tao ng rehiyon ay nagpreserba ng kanilang sinaunang mga tradisyon sa loob ng maraming siglo.

novel
novel
[pang-uri]

new and unlike anything else

bago, orihinal

bago, orihinal

Ex: Her novel approach to problem-solving impressed the entire team with its creativity and effectiveness. 

Ang kanyang makabagong paraan sa paglutas ng problema ay humanga sa buong koponan dahil sa pagkamalikhain at pagiging epektibo nito.

up to
up to
[Preposisyon]

indicating that the quantity or count mentioned does not exceed a specified value

hanggang sa, hindi hihigit sa

hanggang sa, hindi hihigit sa

Ex: The restaurant can accommodate up to 5 people at each table. 

Ang restawran ay maaaring tumanggap ng hanggang 5 tao sa bawat mesa.

via
via
[Preposisyon]

by means of a particular person, system, etc.

sa pamamagitan ng, gamit ang

sa pamamagitan ng, gamit ang

Ex: She communicated with her fans via social media. 

Nakipag-ugnayan siya sa kanyang mga tagahanga sa pamamagitan ng social media.

command
command
[Pangngalan]

an order, particularly given by someone in a position of authority

utos, kautusan

utos, kautusan

Ex: The general issued a command for the troops to advance towards the enemy positions. 

Naglabas ang heneral ng utos para sa mga tropa na sumulong patungo sa mga posisyon ng kaaway.

neuroimaging
neuroimaging
[Pangngalan]

a variety of techniques used to visualize the structure and function of the brain and nervous system

neuroimaging, pagkuha ng larawan ng utak

neuroimaging, pagkuha ng larawan ng utak

Ex: Ethical considerations arise when using neuroimaging to predict mental health outcomes. 

Ang mga pagsasaalang-alang sa etika ay lumitaw kapag ginagamit ang neuroimaging upang mahulaan ang mga kinalabasan ng kalusugang pangkaisipan.

to contrast
to contrast
[Pandiwa]

to compare two people or things so that their differences are noticeable

ihambing

ihambing

Ex: She is currently contrasting the different approaches to problem-solving. 

Kasalukuyan niyang kinokontrasto ang iba't ibang paraan ng paglutas ng problema.

temporal lobe
temporal lobe
[Pangngalan]

a region of the brain responsible for auditory processing, memory, language comprehension, and visual perception

temporal lobe, lobo temporal

temporal lobe, lobo temporal

frontal lobe
frontal lobe
[Pangngalan]

a region of the brain responsible for cognitive functions such as decision-making or problem-solving

lobong pangharap, rehiyon ng utak na responsable sa paggawa ng desisyon

lobong pangharap, rehiyon ng utak na responsable sa paggawa ng desisyon

to respond
to respond
[Pandiwa]

to do something or provide a reply based on what others have done or said

tumugon, gumanti

tumugon, gumanti

Ex: They responded to the emergency by sending medical assistance to the affected area. 

Tumugon sila sa emergency sa pamamagitan ng pagpapadala ng tulong medikal sa apektadong lugar.

in response to
in response to
[Preposisyon]

as a reaction or answer to something

bilang tugon sa, bilang reaksyon sa

bilang tugon sa, bilang reaksyon sa

Ex: In response to customer feedback, the company is launching a new and improved product. 

Bilang tugon sa feedback ng mga customer, inilulunsad ng kumpanya ang isang bagong at pinahusay na produkto.

capacity
capacity
[Pangngalan]

the ability or power to achieve something or develop into a certain state in the future

kakayahan, potensyal

kakayahan, potensyal

Ex: With the right training, he has the capacity to become a world-class athlete. 

Sa tamang pagsasanay, may kakayahan siyang maging isang world-class na atleta.

left hemisphere
left hemisphere
[Pangngalan]

the cerebral hemisphere to the left of the corpus callosum that controls the right half of the body

kaliwang hemispero, kaliwang hemispero ng utak

kaliwang hemispero, kaliwang hemispero ng utak

independent
independent
[pang-uri]

free from external control, influence, or constraint

malaya, nagsasarili

malaya, nagsasarili

Ex: He remained independent despite pressures from his peers. 

Nanatili siyang malaya sa kabila ng mga panggigipit mula sa kanyang mga kapantay.

modality
modality
[Pangngalan]

the way in which language expresses the speaker's or writer's attitude, opinion, or degree of certainty regarding a statement or proposition

modalidad, paraan

modalidad, paraan

origin
origin
[Pangngalan]

the source or point of beginning of something, such as the historical, cultural, or linguistic roots of a word, concept, or phenomenon

pinagmulan, pinagkukunan

pinagmulan, pinagkukunan

obscure
obscure
[pang-uri]

not well-known or widely recognized

hindi kilala, malabo

hindi kilala, malabo

Ex: The scientist published his findings in an obscure journal that few in the field had heard of. 

Ang siyentipiko ay naglathala ng kanyang mga natuklasan sa isang hindi kilalang journal na kakaunti sa larangan ang nakarinig.

indigenous
indigenous
[pang-uri]

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

katutubo,  likas

katutubo, likas

Ex: The government implemented policies to protect the rights and traditions of indigenous peoples living in remote areas. 

Nagpatupad ang gobyerno ng mga patakaran upang protektahan ang mga karapatan at tradisyon ng mga katutubong tao na naninirahan sa malalayong lugar.

to conquer
to conquer
[Pandiwa]

to gain control of a place or people using armed forces

sakupin, lupigin

sakupin, lupigin

Ex: The army worked strategically to conquer the enemy's territory. 

Ang hukbo ay nagtrabaho nang estratehiko upang sakupin ang teritoryo ng kaaway.

pocket
pocket
[Pangngalan]

a small isolated group of people

bulsa, nakahiwalay na grupo

bulsa, nakahiwalay na grupo

isolated
isolated
[pang-uri]

feeling or being disconnected from others, either physically or socially

nakahiwalay, hindi konektado

nakahiwalay, hindi konektado

Ex: Not participating in the team activities, the new employee appeared isolated in the workplace, struggling to integrate with colleagues. 

Sa hindi paglahok sa mga aktibidad ng koponan, ang bagong empleyado ay mukhang nakahiwalay sa lugar ng trabaho, nahihirapang makisama sa mga kasamahan.

to threaten
to threaten
[Pandiwa]

to indicate a potential danger or risk to someone or something

bantaan, magbanta

bantaan, magbanta

Ex: The predator's presence in the area threatened the smaller animals. 

Ang presensya ng maninila sa lugar ay nagbanta sa mas maliliit na hayop.

extinction
extinction
[Pangngalan]

a situation in which a particular animal or plant no longer exists

pagkalipol

pagkalipol

dwindling
dwindling
[pang-uri]

gradually decreasing until little remains

bumababa, umiiksi

bumababa, umiiksi

Ex: Dwindling supplies forced the expedition to turn back. 
islander
islander
[Pangngalan]

an inhabitant of an island

tagapulo, naninirahan sa isla

tagapulo, naninirahan sa isla

to [take] a step
to take a step
[Parirala]

to make progress or take action toward achieving something

Ex: She took a step toward improving her health by starting a fitness program. 
elementary school
elementary school
[Pangngalan]

a primary school for the first six or eight grades

paaralang elementarya, paaralang primarya

paaralang elementarya, paaralang primarya

Ex: She enrolled her daughter in the nearest elementary school for the first grade. 

Inilista niya ang kanyang anak na babae sa pinakamalapit na elementarya para sa unang baitang.

to declare
to declare
[Pandiwa]

to officially tell people something

ideklara, ipahayag

ideklara, ipahayag

Ex: The country's leaders gathered to declare their independence from colonial rule. 

Nagtipon ang mga lider ng bansa upang ideklara ang kanilang kalayaan mula sa kolonyal na pamamahala.

to preserve
to preserve
[Pandiwa]

to protect something against danger or harm

pangalagaan, protektahan

pangalagaan, protektahan

Ex: Parents often try to preserve their children's innocence for as long as possible. 
under threat
under threat
[pang-abay]

in a situation where something harmful or dangerous is likely to happen, often due to a warning or risk

sa ilalim ng banta, nanganganib

sa ilalim ng banta, nanganganib

Ex: The workers resigned under threat of legal action. 

Nagbitiw ang mga manggagawa sa ilalim ng banta ng legal na aksyon.

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