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Panitikan - Narratolohiya

Dito matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles na may kaugnayan sa narratolohiya tulad ng "climax", "cliffhanger", at "sequel".

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Words Related to Literature
bathos
bathos
[Pangngalan]

a literary device in which an attempt at serious or elevated writing or speech is undermined by an incongruous or absurd use of language or imagery

bathos, epekto ng pagkabigo

bathos, epekto ng pagkabigo

climax
climax
[Pangngalan]

the most significant moment in a story, play, movie, etc. with a high dramatic suspense

kasukdulan, rurok

kasukdulan, rurok

Ex: The climax of the play marked a turning point in the protagonist 's journey , leading to a profound transformation .Ang **climax** ng dula ay nagmarka ng isang turning point sa paglalakbay ng bida, na humantong sa isang malalim na pagbabago.
Chekhov's gun
Chekhov's gun
[Pangngalan]

a literary principle that states that every element introduced in a story must be necessary and relevant to the plot or it should be removed

baril ni Chekhov, prinsipyo ni Chekhov

baril ni Chekhov, prinsipyo ni Chekhov

comic relief
comic relief
[Pangngalan]

a literary technique that uses humor to interrupt serious or tragic scenes in order to provide a temporary release from emotional tension

komikong ginhawa, pampagaan ng loob na komiko

komikong ginhawa, pampagaan ng loob na komiko

contrivance
contrivance
[Pangngalan]

a plot device or literary technique used to resolve a difficult situation in an unexpected or artificial way

Ex: Some plot contrivances can make a story feel predictable .
denouement
denouement
[Pangngalan]

the last section of a literary or dramatic piece where the plot is concluded and all the matters of the work is explained

wakas, resolusyon

wakas, resolusyon

Ex: After a thrilling climax , the novel ’s denouement provided a satisfying resolution to all the conflicts .Pagkatapos ng isang nakakaantig na rurok, ang **wakas** ng nobela ay nagbigay ng kasiya-siyang resolusyon sa lahat ng mga hidwaan.
deus ex machina
deus ex machina
[Pangngalan]

a literary device where a sudden and unexpected event or character is introduced to resolve a problem in a story

deus ex machina, banal na pagkilos

deus ex machina, banal na pagkilos

embellishment
embellishment
[Pangngalan]

the act of adding extra details or exaggerating certain aspects of a story or description to make it more interesting or appealing

palamuti, pagpapaganda

palamuti, pagpapaganda

ending
ending
[Pangngalan]

the final part of a story, movie, etc.

wakas, katapusan

wakas, katapusan

Ex: They both prefer books with a happy ending.
eponym
eponym
[Pangngalan]

a person, place, or thing after whom or which something is named

eponimo, taong pinangalanan

eponimo, taong pinangalanan

dangler
dangler
[Pangngalan]

a plot or character element that is introduced but never fully explained or resolved, leaving the audience with unanswered questions or loose ends

elementong hindi nalutas, balangkas na nakabitin

elementong hindi nalutas, balangkas na nakabitin

setting
setting
[Pangngalan]

the time and place in which the story of a movie, play, etc. is taking place

tagpuan, kapaligiran

tagpuan, kapaligiran

Ex: The setting of the fantasy saga is an ancient kingdom filled with magic .
cliffhanger
cliffhanger
[Pangngalan]

an ending to an episode of a series that keeps the audience in suspense

suspense, cliffhanger na pagtatapos

suspense, cliffhanger na pagtatapos

Ex: As the tension reached its peak , the protagonist found themselves in a perilous situation , setting the stage for a nail-biting cliffhanger that would keep readers guessing until the next installment .Habang umabot sa rurok ang tensyon, ang pangunahing tauhan ay natagpuan ang kanilang sarili sa isang mapanganib na sitwasyon, na naghanda ng entablado para sa isang nakakakiliti na **cliffhanger** na magpapanatili sa mga mambabasa na naghihintay hanggang sa susunod na installment.
premise
premise
[Pangngalan]

the central idea or foundation of a story, encompassing its main concept, conflict, characters, setting, and overall tone or genre

Ex: A strong premise helps guide the plot and character development .
theme
theme
[Pangngalan]

a recurring element that is the main idea or subject in a literary or artistic piece

tema, motibo

tema, motibo

poetic license
poetic license
[Pangngalan]

the freedom to deviate from facts, rules or conventional forms practiced by an artist or author in order to gain a desired effect

lisensyang patula, kalayaang patula

lisensyang patula, kalayaang patula

sequel
sequel
[Pangngalan]

a book, movie, play, etc. that continues and extends the story of an earlier one

karugtong

karugtong

Ex: The sequel exceeded expectations , introducing new twists and revelations that kept audiences on the edge of their seats .Ang **sequel** ay lumampas sa mga inaasahan, nagpapakilala ng mga bagong twist at paghahayag na nagpanatili sa mga manonood sa gilid ng kanilang mga upuan.
spoiler
spoiler
[Pangngalan]

unwanted information about how the plot of a movie, game, book, etc. develops or ends that can ruin one's enjoyment

spoiler, pagbibigay ng detalye ng plot

spoiler, pagbibigay ng detalye ng plot

Ex: The film 's spoiler was so widely shared that many people did n't bother to watch it .Ang **spoiler** ng pelikula ay napakalawak na naibahagi na maraming tao ang hindi na nag-abalang panoorin ito.
arc
arc
[Pangngalan]

the main theme or continuous narrative line in a story or series

storyline
storyline
[Pangngalan]

the plot of a movie, play, novel, etc.

banghay, kuwento

banghay, kuwento

Ex: The novel ’s storyline follows the journey of a young girl finding her family .
stream of consciousness

the continuous flow of thoughts, feelings, and sensations of a character in a seemingly unstructured and spontaneous manner

daloy ng kamalayan, agos ng kamalayan

daloy ng kamalayan, agos ng kamalayan

subplot
subplot
[Pangngalan]

a series of events in a novel, movie, etc. that is separate from the main story and is less important but is linked to it

subplot, sekundaryong kwento

subplot, sekundaryong kwento

swashbuckling
swashbuckling
[Pangngalan]

a genre of literature, film, or entertainment that features action-packed adventures of daring swordplay, romance, and excitement, often set in historical or fantastical settings

pakikipagsapalaran ng espada, mga pakikipagsapalaran na puno ng aksyon at romansa

pakikipagsapalaran ng espada, mga pakikipagsapalaran na puno ng aksyon at romansa

synopsis
synopsis
[Pangngalan]

a brief summary or overview of the plot, characters, and major events of a book, movie, or other narrative work

buod, sinopsis

buod, sinopsis

trope
trope
[Pangngalan]

a common or recurring theme, motif, or device that is used in literature, art, or other forms of creative expression

trope, pigura ng pananalita

trope, pigura ng pananalita

vignette
vignette
[Pangngalan]

a brief, impressionistic scene or sketch in literature or film that focuses on a particular moment or character

vignette

vignette

writer's block
writer's block
[Pangngalan]

a condition experienced by writers in which they are unable to produce new written material, despite having the desire or obligation to do so

harang ng manunulat, harang sa paglikha

harang ng manunulat, harang sa paglikha

filler
filler
[Pangngalan]

any material in a narrative that serves to pad or extend the length of the story without advancing the plot or developing the characters

pampuno, materyal na pampuno

pampuno, materyal na pampuno

flashback
flashback
[Pangngalan]

a scene in a story line that interrupts the chronological order and takes the narrative back in time

flashback, pagbabalik-tanaw

flashback, pagbabalik-tanaw

frame story
frame story
[Pangngalan]

a literary technique in which an introductory narrative serves as a frame for another story or a series of shorter stories

kuwento ng frame, balangkas na kuwento

kuwento ng frame, balangkas na kuwento

Ex: The frame story provides a meta-narrative framework that invites readers to reflect on the nature of storytelling itself , blurring the lines between fiction and reality .Ang **frame story** ay nagbibigay ng isang meta-narrative framework na nag-aanyaya sa mga mambabasa na pag-isipan ang kalikasan ng pagsasalaysay mismo, na naglalabo sa mga linya sa pagitan ng kathang-isip at katotohanan.
interior monologue
interior monologue
[Pangngalan]

a literary device that reveals a character's inner thoughts and feelings directly to the reader

panloob na monologo, panloob na pag-uusap sa sarili

panloob na monologo, panloob na pag-uusap sa sarili

to kill off
to kill off
[Pandiwa]

to cause the death of a character in a work of fiction, typically for dramatic effects or to advance the plot

patayin, alisin

patayin, alisin

Ex: The director decided to kill off the character because they felt it would make the story more impactful .Nagpasya ang direktor na **patayin** ang karakter dahil sa tingin nila ay magiging mas makabuluhan ito sa kwento.
linear narrative
linear narrative
[Pangngalan]

a type of storytelling in which events are presented in a sequential and chronological order, following a cause-and-effect pattern and progressing toward a resolution or endpoint

linyar na salaysay, linyar na naratibo

linyar na salaysay, linyar na naratibo

nonlinear narrative

a type of storytelling that does not follow a chronological sequence, instead jumping back and forth in time or presenting events out of order

di-pangunahing salaysay, hindi sunud-sunod na pagkukuwento

di-pangunahing salaysay, hindi sunud-sunod na pagkukuwento

interactive narrative

a type of storytelling that allows the audience or user to actively participate in the story, making decisions that affect the direction or outcome of the narrative

interaktibong salaysay, interaktibong kuwento

interaktibong salaysay, interaktibong kuwento

longueur
longueur
[Pangngalan]

a tedious or boring section of a work of literature or other artistic work, characterized by a lack of action, tension, or interest

mahaba at nakakabagot na bahagi

mahaba at nakakabagot na bahagi

love triangle
love triangle
[Pangngalan]

a relationship dynamic commonly found in stories, where three characters are romantically involved with each other in a way that creates tension, conflict, and difficult choices

tatsulok ng pag-ibig, menage à trois

tatsulok ng pag-ibig, menage à trois

MacGuffin
MacGuffin
[Pangngalan]

a storytelling device often used in film and literature, referring to an object, goal, or other motivator that drives the plot and characters' actions, but is often irrelevant or unimportant to the overall story itself

isang MacGuffin, isang bagay na hinahanap

isang MacGuffin, isang bagay na hinahanap

to mythologize

to create or embellish a story or a person's life with mythological or heroic elements

gawing mito,  magdagdag ng mga elementong mitolohiko

gawing mito, magdagdag ng mga elementong mitolohiko

to narrate
to narrate
[Pandiwa]

to provide a spoken or written description of an event, story, etc.

magkuwento, maglahad

magkuwento, maglahad

Ex: The teacher asked each student to narrate a personal story during the storytelling session .Hiniling ng guro sa bawat mag-aaral na **ikuwento** ang isang personal na kuwento sa panahon ng sesyon ng pagsasalaysay.
narration
narration
[Pangngalan]

the way of telling or explaining a story, particularly in a movie, novel, etc.

pagsasalaysay, salaysay

pagsasalaysay, salaysay

Ex: The nonlinear narration kept viewers engaged as the story unfolded in unexpected ways , revealing key plot points out of sequence .Ang di-linear na **pagsasalaysay** ay nagpanatili sa mga manonood na nakatuon habang ang kwento ay umuunlad sa hindi inaasahang paraan, na nagbubunyag ng mga pangunahing punto ng balangkas nang hindi sunud-sunod.
narrative
narrative
[Pangngalan]

a story or an account of something especially one that is told in a movie, novel, etc.

salaysay, pagsasalaysay

salaysay, pagsasalaysay

Ex: He crafted a narrative that seamlessly blended history with fiction .Gumawa siya ng isang **salaysay** na walang kahirap-hirap na pinagsama ang kasaysayan at kathang-isip.
narrative thread
narrative thread
[Pangngalan]

a plotline or a story element that runs throughout a larger narrative, connecting different events and characters together, often with a unifying theme or motif

sinulid ng salaysay, linya ng kuwento

sinulid ng salaysay, linya ng kuwento

pace
pace
[Pangngalan]

the speed at which a narrative unfolds and how it affects audience engagement

Ex: Maintaining a steady pace is crucial for thrillers .
to personify
to personify
[Pandiwa]

to attribute human characteristics, traits, or qualities to a non-human object, concept, or animal

bigyang-katauhan, isabuhay

bigyang-katauhan, isabuhay

plot
plot
[Pangngalan]

the events that are crucial to the formation and continuity of a story in a movie, play, novel, etc.

banghay, balangkas

banghay, balangkas

Ex: Critics praised the plot of the film for its originality and depth .Pinuri ng mga kritiko ang **plot** ng pelikula para sa pagiging orihinal at lalim nito.
plot drift
plot drift
[Pangngalan]

a situation where the plot of a story deviates from its original trajectory

pagkiling ng banghay, paglihis ng banghay

pagkiling ng banghay, paglihis ng banghay

plot hole
plot hole
[Pangngalan]

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

butas sa balangkas, kawalan ng pagkakasunod-sunod sa pagsasalaysay

butas sa balangkas, kawalan ng pagkakasunod-sunod sa pagsasalaysay

plot twist
plot twist
[Pangngalan]

a sudden and unexpected development in the storyline of a narrative, often at a crucial moment

biglaang pagbabago sa kwento, hindi inaasahang pag-ikot ng balangkas

biglaang pagbabago sa kwento, hindi inaasahang pag-ikot ng balangkas

plot device
plot device
[Pangngalan]

a narrative element, often used in literature or film, that is employed by the author or screenwriter to advance the story or create a particular effect

kasangkapan sa balangkas, pamamaraan sa pagsasalaysay

kasangkapan sa balangkas, pamamaraan sa pagsasalaysay

quibble
quibble
[Pangngalan]

an instance of using precise phrasing in a contract, rule, or law to bypass its spirit or purpose

patalastas, sophism

patalastas, sophism

Ex: The film 's central quibble asks whether " the first-born " means the first child or the first male child .Ang sentral na **pagtatalo** ng pelikula ay nagtatanong kung ang "panganay" ay nangangahulugang ang unang anak o ang unang anak na lalaki.
red herring
red herring
[Pangngalan]

anything that is intended to take people's focus away from what is important

maling pahiwatig, pang-akit ng atensyon

maling pahiwatig, pang-akit ng atensyon

Ex: The conspiracy theories circulating online are often filled with red herrings to mislead the public and create confusion .Ang mga teorya ng sabwatan na kumakalat online ay madalas na puno ng **maling impormasyon** upang linlangin ang publiko at lumikha ng kalituhan.
eucatastrophe
eucatastrophe
[Pangngalan]

a term coined by J.R.R. Tolkien to describe a sudden and unexpected turn of events in a story that results in a positive and joyful outcome

eucatastrophe, hindi inaasahang masayang pagbabago

eucatastrophe, hindi inaasahang masayang pagbabago

flashforward
flashforward
[Pangngalan]

an instance of showing a scene or event that will happen later in a movie, TV episode, etc. interrupting the chronological order of the plot

flashforward, talon pasulong

flashforward, talon pasulong

in medias res
in medias res
[pang-abay]

a literary technique in which a narrative begins in the middle of the story, rather than at the beginning

sa gitna ng kuwento, in medias res

sa gitna ng kuwento, in medias res

narrative hook
narrative hook
[Pangngalan]

a literary device used at the beginning of a story to capture the reader's attention and engage their interest

pang-akit sa salaysay, kawit ng salaysay

pang-akit sa salaysay, kawit ng salaysay

poetic justice
poetic justice
[Pangngalan]

a situation in which one believes that an unfortunate event that has happened to someone is well deserved

makatarungang tula, parusang banal

makatarungang tula, parusang banal

Ex: The upcoming play promises to deliver moments of poetic justice, where the protagonists triumph over adversity and the antagonists face their comeuppance .Ang paparating na dula ay nangangakong magdadala ng mga sandali ng **makatarungang tula**, kung saan ang mga bida ay nagwawagi sa kahirapan at ang mga kontrabida ay nahaharap sa kanilang nararapat na parusa.
ticking time bomb scenario

a hypothetical situation which presents a moral dilemma where a person or authority must decide whether to use extreme measures to prevent a catastrophic event from occurring

senaryo ng ticking time bomb, sitwasyon ng moral dilemma ng ticking time bomb

senaryo ng ticking time bomb, sitwasyon ng moral dilemma ng ticking time bomb

defamiliarization
defamiliarization
[Pangngalan]

a literary technique used to make the familiar seem unfamiliar or strange in order to encourage the reader to see the world in a new way

pagpapaiba, pagpapakahirap

pagpapaiba, pagpapakahirap

multiperspectivity
multiperspectivity
[Pangngalan]

a narrative technique in which a story is told from multiple perspectives or points of view

multiperspektibidad, pamamaraang pampanitikan ng maraming pananaw

multiperspektibidad, pamamaraang pampanitikan ng maraming pananaw

conflict
conflict
[Pangngalan]

opposition between characters or forces in a story that drives the plot

dialogue
dialogue
[Pangngalan]

a written or spoken line that is spoken by a character in a play, movie, book, or other work of fiction

dayalogo, usapan

dayalogo, usapan

Ex: The actors rehearsed their dialogue repeatedly before opening night .Paulit-ulit na inensayo ng mga aktor ang kanilang **dayalogo** bago ang gabi ng pagbubukas.
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