Panitikan - Narratology

a literary device in which an attempt at serious or elevated writing or speech is undermined by an incongruous or absurd use of language or imagery

bathos, patos

the most significant moment in a story, play, movie, etc. with a high dramatic suspense

tuktok, sukdulan

a literary principle that states that every element introduced in a story must be necessary and relevant to the plot or it should be removed

baril ni Chekhov, prinsip ni Chekhov

a literary technique that uses humor to interrupt serious or tragic scenes in order to provide a temporary release from emotional tension

komiks na pag-relieve, humor sa pag-relieve

a plot device or a literary technique that is used to resolve a difficult or complicated situation in an unexpected and somewhat unrealistic way

diskarte, estratehiya

the last section of a literary or dramatic piece where the plot is concluded and all the matters of the work is explained

pagsasara

a literary device where a sudden and unexpected event or character is introduced to resolve a problem in a story

diyos mula sa makina, biglaang solusyon

the act of adding extra details or exaggerating certain aspects of a story or description to make it more interesting or appealing

palamuti, pagsasaayos

the final part of a story, movie, etc.

ang wakas, ang katapusan

a person, place, or thing after whom or which something is named

eponym

a plot or character element that is introduced but never fully explained or resolved, leaving the audience with unanswered questions or loose ends

hindi nalutas, element na hindi isinara

the time and place in which the story of a movie, play, etc. is taking place

kapaligiran, tagpuan

an ending to an episode of a series that keeps the audience in suspense

suspense, hindi malalaman

the basic idea, concept, or foundation upon which a story is built, and often includes the central conflict, characters, setting, and overall tone or genre of the narrative

premisya, palagay

a recurring element that is the main idea or subject in a literary or artistic piece

tema

the freedom to deviate from facts, rules or conventional forms practiced by an artist or author in order to gain a desired effect

tuluy-sining, malayang pagsulat

a book, movie, play, etc. that continues and extends the story of an earlier one

sekwela, pagsunod

unwanted information about how the plot of a movie, game, book, etc. develops or ends that can ruin one's enjoyment

spoiler, pagsisiwalat

the main theme or the continuous line in which a narrative develops

arco, narrative arc

the plot of a movie, play, novel, etc.

kwento, salin

the continuous flow of thoughts, feelings, and sensations of a character in a seemingly unstructured and spontaneous manner

daloy ng kamalayan, daloy ng isip

a series of events in a novel, movie, etc. that is separate from the main story and is less important but is linked to it

subkwento, pangalawang kwento

a genre of literature, film, or entertainment that features action-packed adventures of daring swordplay, romance, and excitement, often set in historical or fantastical settings

nobela ng espada, nakakatuwang pakikipagsapalaran

a brief summary or overview of the plot, characters, and major events of a book, movie, or other narrative work

sintesis, buod

a common or recurring theme, motif, or device that is used in literature, art, or other forms of creative expression

tropo, paulit-ulit na tema

a brief, impressionistic scene or sketch in literature or film that focuses on a particular moment or character

vinyeta, eksena

a condition experienced by writers in which they are unable to produce new written material, despite having the desire or obligation to do so

bloke ng manunulat, sindrom ng puting pahina

any material in a narrative that serves to pad or extend the length of the story without advancing the plot or developing the characters

puno, filler

a scene in a story line that interrupts the chronological order and takes the narrative back in time

flashback, balik tanaw

a literary technique in which an introductory narrative serves as a frame for another story or a series of shorter stories

frame story, kuwentong balangkas

a literary device that reveals a character's inner thoughts and feelings directly to the reader

panloob na monologo, monologo ng mga kaisipan

to cause the death of a character in a work of fiction, typically for dramatic effects or to advance the plot

pumatay, eliminahin

a type of storytelling in which events are presented in a sequential and chronological order, following a cause-and-effect pattern and progressing toward a resolution or endpoint

tuwid na salaysay, linear na kwento

a type of storytelling that does not follow a chronological sequence, instead jumping back and forth in time or presenting events out of order

di-nakamalay na kwento, di tuwid na kwento

a type of storytelling that allows the audience or user to actively participate in the story, making decisions that affect the direction or outcome of the narrative

interaktibong naratibo, kwentong interaktibo

a tedious or boring section of a work of literature or other artistic work, characterized by a lack of action, tension, or interest

haba, nakakabagot na bahagi

a relationship dynamic commonly found in stories, where three characters are romantically involved with each other in a way that creates tension, conflict, and difficult choices

tigil ng pag-ibig, romantikong tatsulok

a storytelling device often used in film and literature, referring to an object, goal, or other motivator that drives the plot and characters' actions, but is often irrelevant or unimportant to the overall story itself

MacGuffin

to create or embellish a story or a person's life with mythological or heroic elements

mitolohiyahin, palamurai

to provide a spoken or written description of an event, story, etc.

magsalaysay, magsalaysay ng

the way of telling or explaining a story, particularly in a movie, novel, etc.

salaysay, narrasyon

a story or an account of something especially one that is told in a movie, novel, etc.

salaysay, narratibong

a plotline or a story element that runs throughout a larger narrative, connecting different events and characters together, often with a unifying theme or motif

narrative thread, narratibong sinulid

the rhythm, tempo, and speed at which a story unfolds, and how it affects the audience's engagement and emotional response to the narrative

ritmo, bilis

to attribute human characteristics, traits, or qualities to a non-human object, concept, or animal

personipikahin, magsakatawan

the events that are crucial to the formation and continuity of a story in a movie, play, novel, etc.

salaysay, kwento

a situation where the plot of a story deviates from its original trajectory

paglihis ng kwento, paglihis ng naratibo

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

butas sa kwento, kakulangan sa kwento

a sudden and unexpected development in the storyline of a narrative, often at a crucial moment

biglang pagbabago, plot twist

a narrative element, often used in literature or film, that is employed by the author or screenwriter to advance the story or create a particular effect

plot device, sangkap ng kwento

a plot device where a character uses the exact wording of a rule or agreement to avoid its intended meaning or purpose

maliit na argumento, pagkukuwento

anything that is intended to take people's focus away from what is important

distraksyon, paghahambing

a term coined by J.R.R. Tolkien to describe a sudden and unexpected turn of events in a story that results in a positive and joyful outcome

eukatastropi, positibong salungat

an instance of showing a scene or event that will happen later in a movie, TV episode, etc. interrupting the chronological order of the plot

flashforward, pagsulong

a literary technique in which a narrative begins in the middle of the story, rather than at the beginning

in medias res, sa gitna ng kwento

a literary device used at the beginning of a story to capture the reader's attention and engage their interest

narrative hook, higit sa salaysay

a situation in which one believes that an unfortunate event that has happened to someone is well deserved

poetikal na katarungan, makata na katarungan

a hypothetical situation which presents a moral dilemma where a person or authority must decide whether to use extreme measures to prevent a catastrophic event from occurring

senaryo ng oras na bomba, sitwasyon ng moral na dilemma

a literary technique used to make the familiar seem unfamiliar or strange in order to encourage the reader to see the world in a new way

defamiliarization, pagkaiba

a narrative technique in which a story is told from multiple perspectives or points of view

multiperspektibidad, maraming pananaw

the struggle between opposing forces in a story, which drives the narrative forward and creates tension and drama

konflikto, pagtatalo

a written or spoken line that is spoken by a character in a play, movie, book, or other work of fiction

diálogo, usapan