Panitikan - Narratolohiya
Dito matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles na may kaugnayan sa narratolohiya tulad ng "climax", "cliffhanger", at "sequel".
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Pagbaybay
Pagsusulit
a literary device in which an attempt at serious or elevated writing or speech is undermined by an incongruous or absurd use of language or imagery

bathos, epekto ng pagkabigo
the most significant moment in a story, play, movie, etc. with a high dramatic suspense

kasukdulan, rurok
Ang climax ng dula ay nagmarka ng isang turning point sa paglalakbay ng bida, na humantong sa isang malalim na pagbabago.
a literary principle that states that every element introduced in a story must be necessary and relevant to the plot or it should be removed

baril ni Chekhov, prinsipyo ni Chekhov
a literary technique that uses humor to interrupt serious or tragic scenes in order to provide a temporary release from emotional tension

komikong ginhawa, pampagaan ng loob na komiko
a plot device or literary technique used to resolve a difficult situation in an unexpected or artificial way

artipisyo, pamamaraan
Ang ilang artipisyal na paraan ng banghay ay maaaring magpamalas ng isang kuwento na tila mahuhulaan.
the last section of a literary or dramatic piece where the plot is concluded and all the matters of the work is explained

wakas, resolusyon
Pagkatapos ng isang nakakaantig na rurok, ang wakas ng nobela ay nagbigay ng kasiya-siyang resolusyon sa lahat ng mga hidwaan.
a literary device where a sudden and unexpected event or character is introduced to resolve a problem in a story

deus ex machina, banal na pagkilos
the act of adding extra details or exaggerating certain aspects of a story or description to make it more interesting or appealing

palamuti, pagpapaganda
the final part of a story, movie, etc.

wakas, katapusan
Pareho silang mas gusto ang mga libro na may masayang wakas.
a person, place, or thing after whom or which something is named

eponimo, taong pinangalanan
a plot or character element that is introduced but never fully explained or resolved, leaving the audience with unanswered questions or loose ends

elementong hindi nalutas, balangkas na nakabitin
the time and place in which the story of a movie, play, etc. is taking place

tagpuan, kapaligiran
Ang tagpuan ng pantasya saga ay isang sinaunang kaharian na puno ng mahika.
an ending to an episode of a series that keeps the audience in suspense

suspense, cliffhanger na pagtatapos
Habang umabot sa rurok ang tensyon, ang pangunahing tauhan ay natagpuan ang kanilang sarili sa isang mapanganib na sitwasyon, na naghanda ng entablado para sa isang nakakakiliti na cliffhanger na magpapanatili sa mga mambabasa na naghihintay hanggang sa susunod na installment.
the central idea or foundation of a story, encompassing its main concept, conflict, characters, setting, and overall tone or genre

pangunahing ideya, konseptong sentral
Premise ay tumutulong sa paggabay sa balangkas at pag-unlad ng tauhan.
a recurring element that is the main idea or subject in a literary or artistic piece

tema, motibo
the freedom to deviate from facts, rules or conventional forms practiced by an artist or author in order to gain a desired effect

lisensyang patula, kalayaang patula
a book, movie, play, etc. that continues and extends the story of an earlier one

karugtong
Ang sequel ay lumampas sa mga inaasahan, nagpapakilala ng mga bagong twist at paghahayag na nagpanatili sa mga manonood sa gilid ng kanilang mga upuan.
unwanted information about how the plot of a movie, game, book, etc. develops or ends that can ruin one's enjoyment

spoiler, pagbibigay ng detalye ng plot
Ang spoiler ng pelikula ay napakalawak na naibahagi na maraming tao ang hindi na nag-abalang panoorin ito.
the main theme or continuous narrative line in a story or series

arko ng kuwento, linya ng salaysay
Kadalasang inilalatag ng mga manunulat ang arko ng naratibo bago mag-draft.
the plot of a movie, play, novel, etc.

banghay, kuwento
Sinusundan ng kasalaysayan ng nobela ang paglalakbay ng isang batang babae na nakahanap ng kanyang pamilya.
the continuous flow of thoughts, feelings, and sensations of a character in a seemingly unstructured and spontaneous manner

daloy ng kamalayan, agos ng kamalayan
a series of events in a novel, movie, etc. that is separate from the main story and is less important but is linked to it

subplot, sekundaryong kwento
a genre of literature, film, or entertainment that features action-packed adventures of daring swordplay, romance, and excitement, often set in historical or fantastical settings

pakikipagsapalaran ng espada, mga pakikipagsapalaran na puno ng aksyon at romansa
a brief summary or overview of the plot, characters, and major events of a book, movie, or other narrative work

buod, sinopsis
a common or recurring theme, motif, or device that is used in literature, art, or other forms of creative expression

trope, pigura ng pananalita
a brief, impressionistic scene or sketch in literature or film that focuses on a particular moment or character

vignette
a condition experienced by writers in which they are unable to produce new written material, despite having the desire or obligation to do so

harang ng manunulat, harang sa paglikha
any material in a narrative that serves to pad or extend the length of the story without advancing the plot or developing the characters

pampuno, materyal na pampuno
a scene in a story line that interrupts the chronological order and takes the narrative back in time

flashback, pagbabalik-tanaw
a literary technique in which an introductory narrative serves as a frame for another story or a series of shorter stories

kuwento ng frame, balangkas na kuwento
Ang frame story ay nagbibigay ng isang meta-narrative framework na nag-aanyaya sa mga mambabasa na pag-isipan ang kalikasan ng pagsasalaysay mismo, na naglalabo sa mga linya sa pagitan ng kathang-isip at katotohanan.
a literary device that reveals a character's inner thoughts and feelings directly to the reader

panloob na monologo, panloob na pag-uusap sa sarili
to cause the death of a character in a work of fiction, typically for dramatic effects or to advance the plot

patayin, alisin
Nagpasya ang direktor na patayin ang karakter dahil sa tingin nila ay magiging mas makabuluhan ito sa kwento.
a type of storytelling in which events are presented in a sequential and chronological order, following a cause-and-effect pattern and progressing toward a resolution or endpoint

linyar na salaysay, linyar na naratibo
a type of storytelling that does not follow a chronological sequence, instead jumping back and forth in time or presenting events out of order

di-pangunahing salaysay, hindi sunud-sunod na pagkukuwento
a type of storytelling that allows the audience or user to actively participate in the story, making decisions that affect the direction or outcome of the narrative

interaktibong salaysay, interaktibong kuwento
a tedious or boring section of a work of literature or other artistic work, characterized by a lack of action, tension, or interest

mahaba at nakakabagot na bahagi
a relationship dynamic commonly found in stories, where three characters are romantically involved with each other in a way that creates tension, conflict, and difficult choices

tatsulok ng pag-ibig, menage à trois
a storytelling device often used in film and literature, referring to an object, goal, or other motivator that drives the plot and characters' actions, but is often irrelevant or unimportant to the overall story itself

isang MacGuffin, isang bagay na hinahanap
to create or embellish a story or a person's life with mythological or heroic elements

gawing mito, magdagdag ng mga elementong mitolohiko
to provide a spoken or written description of an event, story, etc.

magkuwento, maglahad
Hiniling ng guro sa bawat mag-aaral na ikuwento ang isang personal na kuwento sa panahon ng sesyon ng pagsasalaysay.
the way of telling or explaining a story, particularly in a movie, novel, etc.

pagsasalaysay, salaysay
Ang di-linear na pagsasalaysay ay nagpanatili sa mga manonood na nakatuon habang ang kwento ay umuunlad sa hindi inaasahang paraan, na nagbubunyag ng mga pangunahing punto ng balangkas nang hindi sunud-sunod.
a story or an account of something especially one that is told in a movie, novel, etc.

salaysay, pagsasalaysay
Gumawa siya ng isang salaysay na walang kahirap-hirap na pinagsama ang kasaysayan at kathang-isip.
a plotline or a story element that runs throughout a larger narrative, connecting different events and characters together, often with a unifying theme or motif

sinulid ng salaysay, linya ng kuwento
the speed at which a narrative unfolds and how it affects audience engagement

bilis, ritmo
Ang pagpapanatili ng matatag na bilis ay mahalaga para sa mga thriller.
to attribute human characteristics, traits, or qualities to a non-human object, concept, or animal

bigyang-katauhan, isabuhay
the events that are crucial to the formation and continuity of a story in a movie, play, novel, etc.

banghay, balangkas
Pinuri ng mga kritiko ang banghay ng pelikula para sa pagiging orihinal at lalim nito.
a situation where the plot of a story deviates from its original trajectory

pagkiling ng banghay, paglihis ng banghay
an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

butas sa balangkas, kawalan ng pagkakasunod-sunod sa pagsasalaysay
a sudden and unexpected development in the storyline of a narrative, often at a crucial moment

biglaang pagbabago sa kwento, hindi inaasahang pag-ikot ng balangkas
a narrative element, often used in literature or film, that is employed by the author or screenwriter to advance the story or create a particular effect

kasangkapan sa balangkas, pamamaraan sa pagsasalaysay
an instance of using precise phrasing in a contract, rule, or law to bypass its spirit or purpose

patalastas, sophism
Ang sentral na pagtatalo ng pelikula ay nagtatanong kung ang "panganay" ay nangangahulugang ang unang anak o ang unang anak na lalaki.
anything that is intended to take people's focus away from what is important

panlinlang na pang-abala, pangligaw ng atensyon
Ang pagbanggit sa mga dati niyang pagkakamali ay pangligaw lang ng atensyon sa debate tungkol sa budget.
a term coined by J.R.R. Tolkien to describe a sudden and unexpected turn of events in a story that results in a positive and joyful outcome

eucatastrophe, hindi inaasahang masayang pagbabago
an instance of showing a scene or event that will happen later in a movie, TV episode, etc. interrupting the chronological order of the plot

flashforward, talon pasulong
a literary technique in which a narrative begins in the middle of the story, rather than at the beginning

sa gitna ng kuwento, in medias res
a literary device used at the beginning of a story to capture the reader's attention and engage their interest

pang-akit sa salaysay, kawit ng salaysay
a situation in which one believes that an unfortunate event that has happened to someone is well deserved

karma niya iyon, tinamaan ng sariling gawa
Nang ang tsismosa naman ang naging usap-usapan, sabi ng lahat: karma niya iyon.
a hypothetical situation which presents a moral dilemma where a person or authority must decide whether to use extreme measures to prevent a catastrophic event from occurring

senaryo ng ticking time bomb, sitwasyon ng moral dilemma ng ticking time bomb
a literary technique used to make the familiar seem unfamiliar or strange in order to encourage the reader to see the world in a new way

pagpapaiba, pagpapakahirap
a narrative technique in which a story is told from multiple perspectives or points of view

multiperspektibidad, pamamaraang pampanitikan ng maraming pananaw
opposition between characters or forces in a story that drives the plot

tunggalian, salungatan
Ang salungatan ng dula ay nagpanatili sa madla na nakatuon.
a written or spoken line that is spoken by a character in a play, movie, book, or other work of fiction

dayalogo, usapan
Paulit-ulit na inensayo ng mga aktor ang kanilang dayalogo bago ang gabi ng pagbubukas.
