Literatura - Narratologia

a literary device in which an attempt at serious or elevated writing or speech is undermined by an incongruous or absurd use of language or imagery

bathos, patos

the most significant moment in a story, play, movie, etc. with a high dramatic suspense

klimax, szczyt

a literary principle that states that every element introduced in a story must be necessary and relevant to the plot or it should be removed

broń Czechowa, zasada Czechowa

a literary technique that uses humor to interrupt serious or tragic scenes in order to provide a temporary release from emotional tension

komiczna ulga, humorystyczny przerywnik

a plot device or a literary technique that is used to resolve a difficult or complicated situation in an unexpected and somewhat unrealistic way

sztuczka, wymyślony sposób

the last section of a literary or dramatic piece where the plot is concluded and all the matters of the work is explained

denouement

a literary device where a sudden and unexpected event or character is introduced to resolve a problem in a story

bóg z machiny, niespodziewane rozwiązanie

the act of adding extra details or exaggerating certain aspects of a story or description to make it more interesting or appealing

ozdoba, przekształcenie

the final part of a story, movie, etc.

koniec, zakończenie

a person, place, or thing after whom or which something is named

eponim

a plot or character element that is introduced but never fully explained or resolved, leaving the audience with unanswered questions or loose ends

niewyjaśniony element, niedokończony wątek

the time and place in which the story of a movie, play, etc. is taking place

miejsce akcji, tło

an ending to an episode of a series that keeps the audience in suspense

napięcie, otwarte zakończenie

the basic idea, concept, or foundation upon which a story is built, and often includes the central conflict, characters, setting, and overall tone or genre of the narrative

premisa, założenie

a recurring element that is the main idea or subject in a literary or artistic piece

temat

the freedom to deviate from facts, rules or conventional forms practiced by an artist or author in order to gain a desired effect

poetycka licencja, swoboda poetycka

a book, movie, play, etc. that continues and extends the story of an earlier one

sequel, kontynuacja

unwanted information about how the plot of a movie, game, book, etc. develops or ends that can ruin one's enjoyment

spoiler, ujawnienie

the main theme or the continuous line in which a narrative develops

łuk, fabuła

the plot of a movie, play, novel, etc.

fabuła, wątek

the continuous flow of thoughts, feelings, and sensations of a character in a seemingly unstructured and spontaneous manner

strumień świadomości, prąd świadomości

a series of events in a novel, movie, etc. that is separate from the main story and is less important but is linked to it

subfabuła, wątek poboczny

a genre of literature, film, or entertainment that features action-packed adventures of daring swordplay, romance, and excitement, often set in historical or fantastical settings

romans przygodowy, literatura muskieterska

a brief summary or overview of the plot, characters, and major events of a book, movie, or other narrative work

synopsis, streszczenie

a common or recurring theme, motif, or device that is used in literature, art, or other forms of creative expression

trop, temat powtarzający się

a brief, impressionistic scene or sketch in literature or film that focuses on a particular moment or character

wignette, scena

a condition experienced by writers in which they are unable to produce new written material, despite having the desire or obligation to do so

blokada pisarza, syndrom pustych kartek

any material in a narrative that serves to pad or extend the length of the story without advancing the plot or developing the characters

wypełniacz, filler

a scene in a story line that interrupts the chronological order and takes the narrative back in time

flashback, wspomnienie

a literary technique in which an introductory narrative serves as a frame for another story or a series of shorter stories

opowieść ramowa, historia ramowa

a literary device that reveals a character's inner thoughts and feelings directly to the reader

monolog wewnętrzny, monolog myśli

to cause the death of a character in a work of fiction, typically for dramatic effects or to advance the plot

zabić, usunąć

a type of storytelling in which events are presented in a sequential and chronological order, following a cause-and-effect pattern and progressing toward a resolution or endpoint

narracja liniowa, opowiadanie liniowe

a type of storytelling that does not follow a chronological sequence, instead jumping back and forth in time or presenting events out of order

narracja nieliniowa, opowieść nieliniowa

a type of storytelling that allows the audience or user to actively participate in the story, making decisions that affect the direction or outcome of the narrative

narracja interaktywna, interaktywny tekst

a tedious or boring section of a work of literature or other artistic work, characterized by a lack of action, tension, or interest

długość, nudny fragment

a relationship dynamic commonly found in stories, where three characters are romantically involved with each other in a way that creates tension, conflict, and difficult choices

trójkąt miłosny, trójkąt romantyczny

a storytelling device often used in film and literature, referring to an object, goal, or other motivator that drives the plot and characters' actions, but is often irrelevant or unimportant to the overall story itself

MacGuffin

to create or embellish a story or a person's life with mythological or heroic elements

mitologizować, upiększać

to provide a spoken or written description of an event, story, etc.

opowiadać, narracjonować

the way of telling or explaining a story, particularly in a movie, novel, etc.

narracja, opowiadanie

a story or an account of something especially one that is told in a movie, novel, etc.

narracja, opowieść

a plotline or a story element that runs throughout a larger narrative, connecting different events and characters together, often with a unifying theme or motif

narracyjna nić, wątek fabularny

the rhythm, tempo, and speed at which a story unfolds, and how it affects the audience's engagement and emotional response to the narrative

tempo, rytmus

to attribute human characteristics, traits, or qualities to a non-human object, concept, or animal

personifikować, ucieleśniać

the events that are crucial to the formation and continuity of a story in a movie, play, novel, etc.

fabuła, akcja

a situation where the plot of a story deviates from its original trajectory

odchylenie fabuły, zmiana fabuły

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

dfa fabularne, niekonsekwencja fabularna

a sudden and unexpected development in the storyline of a narrative, often at a crucial moment

zwrot akcji, plot twist

a narrative element, often used in literature or film, that is employed by the author or screenwriter to advance the story or create a particular effect

element fabuły, urządzenie fabularne

a plot device where a character uses the exact wording of a rule or agreement to avoid its intended meaning or purpose

subtelna kwestia, prawny język

anything that is intended to take people's focus away from what is important

fałszywy trop, manewr dezinformacyjny

a term coined by J.R.R. Tolkien to describe a sudden and unexpected turn of events in a story that results in a positive and joyful outcome

eukatastrofa, pozytywna katastrofa

an instance of showing a scene or event that will happen later in a movie, TV episode, etc. interrupting the chronological order of the plot

flashforward, przewidywanie

a literary technique in which a narrative begins in the middle of the story, rather than at the beginning

in medias res, w środku opowieści

a literary device used at the beginning of a story to capture the reader's attention and engage their interest

hak narracyjny, zaczep narracyjny

a situation in which one believes that an unfortunate event that has happened to someone is well deserved

poetycka sprawiedliwość, poetyczne odwet

a hypothetical situation which presents a moral dilemma where a person or authority must decide whether to use extreme measures to prevent a catastrophic event from occurring

scenariusz tykającej bomby, sytuacja dylematu moralnego

a literary technique used to make the familiar seem unfamiliar or strange in order to encourage the reader to see the world in a new way

defamiliarizacja, wyobcowanie

a narrative technique in which a story is told from multiple perspectives or points of view

multiperspektywizacja, wieloperspektywność

the struggle between opposing forces in a story, which drives the narrative forward and creates tension and drama

konflikt, zmaganie

a written or spoken line that is spoken by a character in a play, movie, book, or other work of fiction

dialog, rozmowa