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Litteratur - Narratologi

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord relaterade till narratologi såsom "climax", "cliffhanger" och "uppföljare".

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Words Related to Literature
bathos
bathos
[Substantiv]

a literary device in which an attempt at serious or elevated writing or speech is undermined by an incongruous or absurd use of language or imagery

bathos, besvikelseeffekt

bathos, besvikelseeffekt

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climax
climax
[Substantiv]

the most significant moment in a story, play, movie, etc. with a high dramatic suspense

klimax, höjdpunkt

klimax, höjdpunkt

Ex: The climax of the movie revealed the protagonist's true identity, unraveling a series of shocking revelations. 
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Chekhov's gun
Chekhov's gun
[Substantiv]

a literary principle that states that every element introduced in a story must be necessary and relevant to the plot or it should be removed

Tjechovs gevär, Tjechovs princip

Tjechovs gevär, Tjechovs princip

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comic relief
comic relief
[Substantiv]

a literary technique that uses humor to interrupt serious or tragic scenes in order to provide a temporary release from emotional tension

komisk lättnad, komisk avlastning

komisk lättnad, komisk avlastning

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contrivance
contrivance
[Substantiv]

a plot device or literary technique used to resolve a difficult situation in an unexpected or artificial way

knep, medel

knep, medel

Ex: The magical object acted as a contrivance to end the quest. 

Det magiska föremålet fungerade som en konstgrepp för att avsluta uppdraget.

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denouement
denouement
[Substantiv]

the last section of a literary or dramatic piece where the plot is concluded and all the matters of the work is explained

upplösning, slut

upplösning, slut

Ex: The author’s skillful denouement ensured that every question was answered by the end of the novel. 

Författarens skickliga upplösning säkerställde att varje fråga besvarades vid romanens slut.

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deus ex machina
deus ex machina
[Substantiv]

a literary device where a sudden and unexpected event or character is introduced to resolve a problem in a story

deus ex machina, gudomlig intervention

deus ex machina, gudomlig intervention

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embellishment
embellishment
[Substantiv]

the act of adding extra details or exaggerating certain aspects of a story or description to make it more interesting or appealing

utsmyckning, överdrift

utsmyckning, överdrift

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ending
ending
[Substantiv]

the final part of a story, movie, etc.

slut, avslutning

slut, avslutning

Ex: The TV series had an unexpected ending that surprised all viewers. 

TV-serien hade ett oväntat slut som förvånade alla tittare.

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eponym
eponym
[Substantiv]

a person, place, or thing after whom or which something is named

eponym, namngevare

eponym, namngevare

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dangler
dangler
[Substantiv]

a plot or character element that is introduced but never fully explained or resolved, leaving the audience with unanswered questions or loose ends

olöst element, hängande handling

olöst element, hängande handling

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setting
setting
[Substantiv]

the time and place in which the story of a movie, play, etc. is taking place

miljö, scen

miljö, scen

Ex: The TV series has a modern-day setting in New York City. 

TV-serien har en nutida miljö i New York.

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cliffhanger
cliffhanger
[Substantiv]

an ending to an episode of a series that keeps the audience in suspense

spänning, cliffhanger-slut

spänning, cliffhanger-slut

Ex: Each episode of the television series ended with a cliffhanger, keeping viewers engaged and invested in the ongoing narrative arc. 

Varje avsnitt av TV-serien slutade med en cliffhanger, vilket höll tittarna engagerade och investerade i den pågående berättelsearken.

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premise
premise
[Substantiv]

the central idea or foundation of a story, encompassing its main concept, conflict, characters, setting, and overall tone or genre

premiss, centralt koncept

premiss, centralt koncept

Ex: The book's premise is built around a rivalry between two families. 

Bokens premiss är byggd kring en rivalitet mellan två familjer.

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theme
theme
[Substantiv]

a recurring element that is the main idea or subject in a literary or artistic piece

tema, motiv

tema, motiv

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poetic license
poetic license
[Substantiv]

the freedom to deviate from facts, rules or conventional forms practiced by an artist or author in order to gain a desired effect

poetisk licens, poetisk frihet

poetisk licens, poetisk frihet

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sequel
sequel
[Substantiv]

a book, movie, play, etc. that continues and extends the story of an earlier one

uppföljare

uppföljare

Ex: After the success of the first play, the theater announced plans for a sequel to further explore the characters and their relationships. 

Efter framgången med den första pjäsen meddelade teatern planer på en uppföljare för att ytterligare utforska karaktärerna och deras relationer.

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spoiler
spoiler
[Substantiv]

unwanted information about how the plot of a movie, game, book, etc. develops or ends that can ruin one's enjoyment

spoiler, handlingsförrädare

spoiler, handlingsförrädare

Ex: The film's spoiler was so widely shared that many people didn't bother to watch it. 

Filmens spoiler delades så vitt att många människor inte brydde sig om att titta på den.

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arc
arc
[Substantiv]

the main theme or continuous narrative line in a story or series

berättelsebåge, berättelselinje

berättelsebåge, berättelselinje

Ex: The hero's arc develops gradually throughout the series. 

Bågen för hjälten utvecklas gradvis under serien.

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storyline
storyline
[Substantiv]

the plot of a movie, play, novel, etc.

handling, storyline

handling, storyline

Ex: The storyline of the movie was both thrilling and heartwarming. 

Filmens handling var både spännande och hjärtvärmande.

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stream of consciousness

the continuous flow of thoughts, feelings, and sensations of a character in a seemingly unstructured and spontaneous manner

medvetandeström, tankeström

medvetandeström, tankeström

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subplot
subplot
[Substantiv]

a series of events in a novel, movie, etc. that is separate from the main story and is less important but is linked to it

subhandling, sidointrig

subhandling, sidointrig

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swashbuckling
swashbuckling
[Substantiv]

a genre of literature, film, or entertainment that features action-packed adventures of daring swordplay, romance, and excitement, often set in historical or fantastical settings

kapp- och svärd, äventyr med kappa och svärd

kapp- och svärd, äventyr med kappa och svärd

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synopsis
synopsis
[Substantiv]

a brief summary or overview of the plot, characters, and major events of a book, movie, or other narrative work

synopsis, sammanfattning

synopsis, sammanfattning

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trope
trope
[Substantiv]

a common or recurring theme, motif, or device that is used in literature, art, or other forms of creative expression

trop, retorisk figur

trop, retorisk figur

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vignette
vignette
[Substantiv]

a brief, impressionistic scene or sketch in literature or film that focuses on a particular moment or character

vinjett

vinjett

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writer's block
writer's block
[Substantiv]

a condition experienced by writers in which they are unable to produce new written material, despite having the desire or obligation to do so

författarblock, kreativ blockad

författarblock, kreativ blockad

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filler
filler
[Substantiv]

any material in a narrative that serves to pad or extend the length of the story without advancing the plot or developing the characters

fyllnad, fyllnadsmaterial

fyllnad, fyllnadsmaterial

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flashback
flashback
[Substantiv]

a scene in a story line that interrupts the chronological order and takes the narrative back in time

tillbakablick, flashback

tillbakablick, flashback

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frame story
frame story
[Substantiv]

a literary technique in which an introductory narrative serves as a frame for another story or a series of shorter stories

ramberättelse, ramhistoria

ramberättelse, ramhistoria

Ex: Through the frame story, the author weaves together multiple layers of storytelling, enriching the narrative with layers of meaning and symbolism. 

Genom ramberättelsen väver författaren samman flera berättelselager och berikar berättelsen med lager av mening och symbolism.

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interior monologue
interior monologue
[Substantiv]

a literary device that reveals a character's inner thoughts and feelings directly to the reader

inre monolog, inre självkonversation

inre monolog, inre självkonversation

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to kill off

to cause the death of a character in a work of fiction, typically for dramatic effects or to advance the plot

utplåna, döda

utplåna, döda

Ex: The creators of the video game are considering killing off the player's character if they make certain choices. 

Skaparna av videospelet överväger att döda spelarens karaktär om de gör vissa val.

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linear narrative
linear narrative
[Substantiv]

a type of storytelling in which events are presented in a sequential and chronological order, following a cause-and-effect pattern and progressing toward a resolution or endpoint

linjär berättelse, linjär narration

linjär berättelse, linjär narration

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nonlinear narrative

a type of storytelling that does not follow a chronological sequence, instead jumping back and forth in time or presenting events out of order

ickelinjär berättelse, ickekronologisk berättelse

ickelinjär berättelse, ickekronologisk berättelse

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interactive narrative

a type of storytelling that allows the audience or user to actively participate in the story, making decisions that affect the direction or outcome of the narrative

interaktiv berättelse, interaktiv historia

interaktiv berättelse, interaktiv historia

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longueur
longueur
[Substantiv]

a tedious or boring section of a work of literature or other artistic work, characterized by a lack of action, tension, or interest

lång och tråkig del

lång och tråkig del

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love triangle
love triangle
[Substantiv]

a relationship dynamic commonly found in stories, where three characters are romantically involved with each other in a way that creates tension, conflict, and difficult choices

kärlekstriangel, menage à trois

kärlekstriangel, menage à trois

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MacGuffin
MacGuffin
[Substantiv]

a storytelling device often used in film and literature, referring to an object, goal, or other motivator that drives the plot and characters' actions, but is often irrelevant or unimportant to the overall story itself

en MacGuffin, ett sökobjekt

en MacGuffin, ett sökobjekt

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to mythologize

to create or embellish a story or a person's life with mythological or heroic elements

mythologisera,  förhärliga

mythologisera, förhärliga

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to narrate

to provide a spoken or written description of an event, story, etc.

berätta, skildra

berätta, skildra

Ex: The teacher asked each student to narrate a personal story during the storytelling session. 

Läraren bad varje elev att berätta en personlig historia under berättelsesessionen.

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narration
narration
[Substantiv]

the way of telling or explaining a story, particularly in a movie, novel, etc.

berättande, skildring

berättande, skildring

Ex: The film's voiceover narration added depth to the story, providing context and commentary on the unfolding events. 
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narrative
narrative
[Substantiv]

a story or an account of something especially one that is told in a movie, novel, etc.

berättelse, skildring

berättelse, skildring

Ex: The documentary's narrative was both informative and deeply moving. 

Dokumentärens berättelse var både informativ och djupt rörande.

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narrative thread
narrative thread
[Substantiv]

a plotline or a story element that runs throughout a larger narrative, connecting different events and characters together, often with a unifying theme or motif

berättartråd, handlingslinje

berättartråd, handlingslinje

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pace
pace
[Substantiv]

the speed at which a narrative unfolds and how it affects audience engagement

rytm, tempo

rytm, tempo

Ex: The novel's pace was uneven in the middle chapters. 

Romanens tempo var ojämnt i de mellersta kapitlen.

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to personify

to attribute human characteristics, traits, or qualities to a non-human object, concept, or animal

personifiera, förkroppsliga

personifiera, förkroppsliga

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plot
plot
[Substantiv]

the events that are crucial to the formation and continuity of a story in a movie, play, novel, etc.

handling, plot

handling, plot

Ex: The plot of the TV series unfolded gradually, revealing secrets about each character. 

Handlingen i TV-serien utvecklades gradvis och avslöjade hemligheter om varje karaktär.

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plot drift
plot drift
[Substantiv]

a situation where the plot of a story deviates from its original trajectory

handlingsdrift, handlingsavvikelse

handlingsdrift, handlingsavvikelse

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plot hole
plot hole
[Substantiv]

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

plothål, berättarmässig inkonsekvens

plothål, berättarmässig inkonsekvens

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plot twist
plot twist
[Substantiv]

a sudden and unexpected development in the storyline of a narrative, often at a crucial moment

plottvist, oväntad vändning i handlingen

plottvist, oväntad vändning i handlingen

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plot device
plot device
[Substantiv]

a narrative element, often used in literature or film, that is employed by the author or screenwriter to advance the story or create a particular effect

plottenhet, berättarverktyg

plottenhet, berättarverktyg

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quibble
quibble
[Substantiv]

an instance of using precise phrasing in a contract, rule, or law to bypass its spirit or purpose

ordklöveri, spetsfundighet

ordklöveri, spetsfundighet

Ex: The king's quibble that "bloodless victory" excludes any battle without casualties leads to the villain's downfall. 

Kungens ordklöveri att en "blodlös seger" utesluter alla strider utan förluster leder till skurkens fall.

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red herring
red herring
[Substantiv]

anything that is intended to take people's focus away from what is important

villospår, avledande spår

villospår, avledande spår

Ex: The headline was a red herring that kept readers from noticing the real scandal. 

Rubriken var ett villospår som hindrade läsarna från att se den verkliga skandalen.

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eucatastrophe
eucatastrophe
[Substantiv]

a term coined by J.R.R. Tolkien to describe a sudden and unexpected turn of events in a story that results in a positive and joyful outcome

eukatastrof, oväntad lycklig vändning

eukatastrof, oväntad lycklig vändning

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flashforward
flashforward
[Substantiv]

an instance of showing a scene or event that will happen later in a movie, TV episode, etc. interrupting the chronological order of the plot

flashforward, hopp framåt

flashforward, hopp framåt

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in medias res

a literary technique in which a narrative begins in the middle of the story, rather than at the beginning

mitt i handlingen, in medias res

mitt i handlingen, in medias res

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narrative hook
narrative hook
[Substantiv]

a literary device used at the beginning of a story to capture the reader's attention and engage their interest

berättelsekrok, berättelsehake

berättelsekrok, berättelsehake

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poetic justice
poetic justice
[Substantiv]

a situation in which one believes that an unfortunate event that has happened to someone is well deserved

karma kom ikapp, som man bäddar får man ligga

karma kom ikapp, som man bäddar får man ligga

Ex: There was poetic justice in the fact that the corrupt official was caught by his own rules. 

Den korrupte tjänstemannen åkte fast på sina egna regler; karma kom ikapp.

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ticking time bomb scenario

a hypothetical situation which presents a moral dilemma where a person or authority must decide whether to use extreme measures to prevent a catastrophic event from occurring

tickande timebomb-scenario, moraliskt dilemma i tickande timebomb-situation

tickande timebomb-scenario, moraliskt dilemma i tickande timebomb-situation

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defamiliarization
defamiliarization
[Substantiv]

a literary technique used to make the familiar seem unfamiliar or strange in order to encourage the reader to see the world in a new way

defamiliarisering, främmandegöring

defamiliarisering, främmandegöring

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multiperspectivity
multiperspectivity
[Substantiv]

a narrative technique in which a story is told from multiple perspectives or points of view

multiperspektivitet, berättarteknik med flera perspektiv

multiperspektivitet, berättarteknik med flera perspektiv

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conflict
conflict
[Substantiv]

opposition between characters or forces in a story that drives the plot

konflikt, motsättning

konflikt, motsättning

Ex: Internal and external conflict shape the narrative arc. 

Inre och yttre konflikt formar den narrativa bågen.

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dialogue
dialogue
[Substantiv]

a written or spoken line that is spoken by a character in a play, movie, book, or other work of fiction

dialog, konversation

dialog, konversation

Ex: His dialogue in the scene felt natural and engaging. 

Hans dialog i scenen kändes naturlig och engagerande.

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