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Literatura - Narratología

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la narratología como "clímax", "cliffhanger" y "secuela".

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Cuestionario

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Words Related to Literature
bathos
bathos
[Sustantivo]

a literary device in which an attempt at serious or elevated writing or speech is undermined by an incongruous or absurd use of language or imagery

paso de lo sublime a lo común

paso de lo sublime a lo común

climax
climax
[Sustantivo]

the most significant moment in a story, play, movie, etc. with a high dramatic suspense

clímax

clímax

Ex: The film's climax featured a thrilling showdown between the hero and the antagonist, culminating in a dramatic confrontation. 
Chekhov's gun
Chekhov's gun
[Sustantivo]

a literary principle that states that every element introduced in a story must be necessary and relevant to the plot or it should be removed

el arma de Chéjov, el principio de Chéjov

el arma de Chéjov, el principio de Chéjov

comic relief
comic relief
[Sustantivo]

a literary technique that uses humor to interrupt serious or tragic scenes in order to provide a temporary release from emotional tension

alivio cómico, desahogo cómico

alivio cómico, desahogo cómico

contrivance
contrivance
[Sustantivo]

a plot device or literary technique used to resolve a difficult situation in an unexpected or artificial way

artificio, recurso

artificio, recurso

Ex: The writer used a contrivance to reunite the estranged lovers. 

El escritor utilizó un artificio para reunir a los amantes distanciados.

denouement
denouement
[Sustantivo]

the last section of a literary or dramatic piece where the plot is concluded and all the matters of the work is explained

desenlace

desenlace

Ex: The film’s denouement tied up all loose ends, leaving the audience with a sense of closure. 

El desenlace de la película ató todos los cabos sueltos, dejando a la audiencia con una sensación de cierre.

deus ex machina
deus ex machina
[Sustantivo]

a literary device where a sudden and unexpected event or character is introduced to resolve a problem in a story

deus ex machina, intervención divina

deus ex machina, intervención divina

embellishment
embellishment
[Sustantivo]

the act of adding extra details or exaggerating certain aspects of a story or description to make it more interesting or appealing

adorno, embellecimiento

adorno, embellecimiento

ending
ending
[Sustantivo]

the final part of a story, movie, etc.

final

final

Ex: The ending of the play was very dramatic. 

El final de la obra fue muy dramático.

eponym
eponym
[Sustantivo]

a person, place, or thing after whom or which something is named

epónimo, homónimo

epónimo, homónimo

dangler
dangler
[Sustantivo]

a plot or character element that is introduced but never fully explained or resolved, leaving the audience with unanswered questions or loose ends

elemento sin resolver, trama colgante

elemento sin resolver, trama colgante

setting
setting
[Sustantivo]

the time and place in which the story of a movie, play, etc. is taking place

escenario, ambientación, marco

escenario, ambientación, marco

Ex: The novel's setting includes various locations in Italy during World War II. 
cliffhanger
cliffhanger
[Sustantivo]

an ending to an episode of a series that keeps the audience in suspense

situación tensa

situación tensa

Ex: The movie's cliffhanger ending left audiences clamoring for a sequel, eager to see how the story would unfold and the characters' fates resolved. 

El final de suspenso de la película dejó al público clamando por una secuela, ansioso por ver cómo se desarrollaría la historia y se resolvería el destino de los personajes.

premise
premise
[Sustantivo]

the central idea or foundation of a story, encompassing its main concept, conflict, characters, setting, and overall tone or genre

premisa, concepto central

premisa, concepto central

Ex: The show's premise explores the challenges of a small-town community. 
theme
theme
[Sustantivo]

a recurring element that is the main idea or subject in a literary or artistic piece

tema

tema

Ex: Love is a recurring theme in her poetry. 
poetic license
poetic license
[Sustantivo]

the freedom to deviate from facts, rules or conventional forms practiced by an artist or author in order to gain a desired effect

licencia poética

licencia poética

sequel
sequel
[Sustantivo]

a book, movie, play, etc. that continues and extends the story of an earlier one

secuela, continuación

secuela, continuación

Ex: The sequel picked up right where the first book left off, continuing the protagonist's journey with new challenges and adventures. 

La secuela retomó justo donde terminó el primer libro, continuando el viaje del protagonista con nuevos desafíos y aventuras.

spoiler
spoiler
[Sustantivo]

unwanted information about how the plot of a movie, game, book, etc. develops or ends that can ruin one's enjoyment

spoiler

spoiler

Ex: Some people can't resist sharing spoilers, even if others haven't seen the film yet. 

Algunas personas no pueden resistirse a compartir destripes, incluso si otros aún no han visto la película.

arc
arc
[Sustantivo]

the main theme or continuous narrative line in a story or series

arco narrativo

arco narrativo

Ex: Each episode contributes to the overall plot arc. 
storyline
storyline
[Sustantivo]

the plot of a movie, play, novel, etc.

argumento

argumento

Ex: Critics praised the show for its complex and engaging storyline. 

Los críticos elogiaron el espectáculo por su trama compleja y atractiva.

stream of consciousness

the continuous flow of thoughts, feelings, and sensations of a character in a seemingly unstructured and spontaneous manner

flujo de conciencia, corriente de conciencia

flujo de conciencia, corriente de conciencia

subplot
subplot
[Sustantivo]

a series of events in a novel, movie, etc. that is separate from the main story and is less important but is linked to it

trama secundaria

trama secundaria

swashbuckling
swashbuckling
[Sustantivo]

a genre of literature, film, or entertainment that features action-packed adventures of daring swordplay, romance, and excitement, often set in historical or fantastical settings

capa y espada, aventuras de capa y espada

capa y espada, aventuras de capa y espada

synopsis
synopsis
[Sustantivo]

a brief summary or overview of the plot, characters, and major events of a book, movie, or other narrative work

sinopsis, resumen

sinopsis, resumen

trope
trope
[Sustantivo]

a common or recurring theme, motif, or device that is used in literature, art, or other forms of creative expression

tropo, figura retórica

tropo, figura retórica

vignette
vignette
[Sustantivo]

a brief, impressionistic scene or sketch in literature or film that focuses on a particular moment or character

anécdota

anécdota

writer's block
writer's block
[Sustantivo]

a condition experienced by writers in which they are unable to produce new written material, despite having the desire or obligation to do so

bloqueo del escritor, bloqueo creativo

bloqueo del escritor, bloqueo creativo

filler
filler
[Sustantivo]

any material in a narrative that serves to pad or extend the length of the story without advancing the plot or developing the characters

relleno, material de relleno

relleno, material de relleno

flashback
flashback
[Sustantivo]

a scene in a story line that interrupts the chronological order and takes the narrative back in time

flashback, escena retrospectiva

flashback, escena retrospectiva

frame story
frame story
[Sustantivo]

a literary technique in which an introductory narrative serves as a frame for another story or a series of shorter stories

narración enmarcada, relato-marco

narración enmarcada, relato-marco

Ex: The frame story introduces a secondary narrator who serves as a conduit for the main narrative, offering insights and commentary on the events that transpire. 

La historia marco presenta un narrador secundario que sirve como conducto para la narrativa principal, ofreciendo perspectivas y comentarios sobre los eventos que ocurren.

interior monologue
interior monologue
[Sustantivo]

a literary device that reveals a character's inner thoughts and feelings directly to the reader

monólogo interior, soliloquio interior

monólogo interior, soliloquio interior

to kill off

to cause the death of a character in a work of fiction, typically for dramatic effects or to advance the plot

matar a un personaje ficticio, hacer morir a un personaje para avanzar la trama

matar a un personaje ficticio, hacer morir a un personaje para avanzar la trama

Ex: The show's writers have killed off several beloved characters over the years. 

Los guionistas del programa han matado a varios personajes queridos a lo largo de los años.

linear narrative
linear narrative
[Sustantivo]

a type of storytelling in which events are presented in a sequential and chronological order, following a cause-and-effect pattern and progressing toward a resolution or endpoint

narrativa lineal, relato lineal

narrativa lineal, relato lineal

nonlinear narrative

a type of storytelling that does not follow a chronological sequence, instead jumping back and forth in time or presenting events out of order

narrativa no lineal, relato no lineal

narrativa no lineal, relato no lineal

interactive narrative

a type of storytelling that allows the audience or user to actively participate in the story, making decisions that affect the direction or outcome of the narrative

narrativa interactiva, relato interactivo

narrativa interactiva, relato interactivo

longueur
longueur
[Sustantivo]

a tedious or boring section of a work of literature or other artistic work, characterized by a lack of action, tension, or interest

parte larga y aburrida

parte larga y aburrida

love triangle
love triangle
[Sustantivo]

a relationship dynamic commonly found in stories, where three characters are romantically involved with each other in a way that creates tension, conflict, and difficult choices

triángulo amoroso, menage à trois

triángulo amoroso, menage à trois

MacGuffin
MacGuffin
[Sustantivo]

a storytelling device often used in film and literature, referring to an object, goal, or other motivator that drives the plot and characters' actions, but is often irrelevant or unimportant to the overall story itself

un MacGuffin, un objeto de búsqueda

un MacGuffin, un objeto de búsqueda

to mythologize

to create or embellish a story or a person's life with mythological or heroic elements

mitificar,  mitologizar

mitificar, mitologizar

to narrate
to narrate
[Verbo]

to provide a spoken or written description of an event, story, etc.

narrar

narrar

Ex: The teacher asked each student to narrate a personal story during the storytelling session. 

El profesor pidió a cada estudiante que narre una historia personal durante la sesión de narración.

narration
narration
[Sustantivo]

the way of telling or explaining a story, particularly in a movie, novel, etc.

narración

narración

Ex: Through unreliable narration, the author challenged readers to question the truthfulness of the narrator's account. 
narrative
narrative
[Sustantivo]

a story or account describing a series of events

narración, relato

narración, relato

Ex: The film's narrative moves back and forth between the past and present. 
narrative thread
narrative thread
[Sustantivo]

a plotline or a story element that runs throughout a larger narrative, connecting different events and characters together, often with a unifying theme or motif

hilo narrativo, trama narrativa

hilo narrativo, trama narrativa

pace
pace
[Sustantivo]

the speed at which a narrative unfolds and how it affects audience engagement

ritmo, cadencia

ritmo, cadencia

Ex: Action scenes increased the pace dramatically. 
to personify

to attribute human characteristics, traits, or qualities to a non-human object, concept, or animal

personificar, encarnar

personificar, encarnar

plot
plot
[Sustantivo]

the events that are crucial to the formation and continuity of a story in a movie, play, novel, etc.

argumento, trama

argumento, trama

Ex: She explained the plot of the play, highlighting the main conflicts and resolutions. 
plot drift
plot drift
[Sustantivo]

a situation where the plot of a story deviates from its original trajectory

deriva de la trama, desviación de la trama

deriva de la trama, desviación de la trama

plot hole
plot hole
[Sustantivo]

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

vacío argumental, plot hole

vacío argumental, plot hole

plot twist
plot twist
[Sustantivo]

a sudden and unexpected development in the storyline of a narrative, often at a crucial moment

giro argumental, vuelco de la trama

giro argumental, vuelco de la trama

plot device
plot device
[Sustantivo]

a narrative element, often used in literature or film, that is employed by the author or screenwriter to advance the story or create a particular effect

recurso narrativo, artificio argumental

recurso narrativo, artificio argumental

quibble
quibble
[Sustantivo]

an instance of using precise phrasing in a contract, rule, or law to bypass its spirit or purpose

tecnicismo, argucia

tecnicismo, argucia

Ex: The film turns on a quibble about whether "the first-born" means the first child or the first male child. 

La película gira en torno a una argucia sobre si «el primogénito» significa el primer hijo o el primer hijo varón.

red herring
red herring
[Sustantivo]

anything that is intended to take people's focus away from what is important

maniobra de distracción, cortina de humo

maniobra de distracción, cortina de humo

Ex: Don't let his personal attacks become a red herring. 

No dejes que sus ataques personales se conviertan en una maniobra de distracción.

eucatastrophe
eucatastrophe
[Sustantivo]

a term coined by J.R.R. Tolkien to describe a sudden and unexpected turn of events in a story that results in a positive and joyful outcome

eucatástrofe, giro feliz inesperado

eucatástrofe, giro feliz inesperado

flashforward
flashforward
[Sustantivo]

an instance of showing a scene or event that will happen later in a movie, TV episode, etc. interrupting the chronological order of the plot

anacronía

anacronía

in medias res
in medias res
[Adverbio]

a literary technique in which a narrative begins in the middle of the story, rather than at the beginning

en medio de la acción, in medias res

en medio de la acción, in medias res

narrative hook
narrative hook
[Sustantivo]

a literary device used at the beginning of a story to capture the reader's attention and engage their interest

gancho narrativo, anzuelo narrativo

gancho narrativo, anzuelo narrativo

poetic justice
poetic justice
[Sustantivo]

a situation in which one believes that an unfortunate event that has happened to someone is well deserved

el karma hizo justicia, le salió el tiro por la culata

el karma hizo justicia, le salió el tiro por la culata

Ex: The bully got laughed at for the same mistake he always mocked in others—poetic justice. 

Se rieron del abusón por el mismo error del que siempre se burlaba; le salió el tiro por la culata.

ticking time bomb scenario

a hypothetical situation which presents a moral dilemma where a person or authority must decide whether to use extreme measures to prevent a catastrophic event from occurring

escenario de bomba de tiempo, situación de dilema moral de la bomba de tiempo

escenario de bomba de tiempo, situación de dilema moral de la bomba de tiempo

defamiliarization
defamiliarization
[Sustantivo]

a literary technique used to make the familiar seem unfamiliar or strange in order to encourage the reader to see the world in a new way

desfamiliarización, extrañamiento

desfamiliarización, extrañamiento

multiperspectivity
multiperspectivity
[Sustantivo]

a narrative technique in which a story is told from multiple perspectives or points of view

multiperspectividad, técnica narrativa multiperspectiva

multiperspectividad, técnica narrativa multiperspectiva

conflict
conflict
[Sustantivo]

opposition between characters or forces in a story that drives the plot

episodio

episodio

Ex: Literary conflict often highlights a character's growth. 
dialogue
dialogue
[Sustantivo]

conversation spoken or written for characters in a book, play, movie, or other work

diálogo,  diálogos

diálogo, diálogos

Ex: The novel contains long sections of dialogue between the two brothers. 
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