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Letteratura - Narratologia

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi relative alla narratologia come "climax", "cliffhanger" e "sequel".

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Words Related to Literature
bathos
[sostantivo]

a literary device in which an attempt at serious or elevated writing or speech is undermined by an incongruous or absurd use of language or imagery

bathos, effetto anticlimatico

bathos, effetto anticlimatico

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climax
[sostantivo]

the most significant moment in a story, play, movie, etc. with a high dramatic suspense

apice

apice

Ex: The climax of the play marked a turning point in the protagonist 's journey , leading to a profound transformation .Il **climax** del dramma ha segnato un punto di svolta nel viaggio del protagonista, portando a una profonda trasformazione.
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Chekhov's gun
[sostantivo]

a literary principle that states that every element introduced in a story must be necessary and relevant to the plot or it should be removed

il fucile di Cechov, il principio di Cechov

il fucile di Cechov, il principio di Cechov

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comic relief
[sostantivo]

a literary technique that uses humor to interrupt serious or tragic scenes in order to provide a temporary release from emotional tension

sollievo comico, alleggerimento comico

sollievo comico, alleggerimento comico

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contrivance
[sostantivo]

a plot device or a literary technique that is used to resolve a difficult or complicated situation in an unexpected and somewhat unrealistic way

artificio, espediente

artificio, espediente

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denouement
[sostantivo]

the last section of a literary or dramatic piece where the plot is concluded and all the matters of the work is explained

epilogo

epilogo

Ex: After a thrilling climax , the novel ’s denouement provided a satisfying resolution to all the conflicts .Dopo un climax emozionante, lo **scioglimento** del romanzo ha fornito una risoluzione soddisfacente a tutti i conflitti.
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deus ex machina
[sostantivo]

a literary device where a sudden and unexpected event or character is introduced to resolve a problem in a story

deus ex machina, intervento divino

deus ex machina, intervento divino

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embellishment
[sostantivo]

the act of adding extra details or exaggerating certain aspects of a story or description to make it more interesting or appealing

abbellimento, abbellitura

abbellimento, abbellitura

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ending
[sostantivo]

the final part of a story, movie, etc.

fine, finale

fine, finale

Ex: They both prefer books with a happy ending.Entrambi preferiscono libri con un **finale** felice.
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eponym
[sostantivo]

a person, place, or thing after whom or which something is named

eponimo, persona eponima

eponimo, persona eponima

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dangler
[sostantivo]

a plot or character element that is introduced but never fully explained or resolved, leaving the audience with unanswered questions or loose ends

elemento irrisolto, trama sospesa

elemento irrisolto, trama sospesa

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setting
[sostantivo]

the time and place in which the story of a movie, play, etc. is taking place

ambientazione

ambientazione

Ex: The setting of the fantasy saga is an ancient kingdom filled with magic .L'**ambientazione** della saga fantasy è un antico regno pieno di magia.
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cliffhanger
[sostantivo]

an ending to an episode of a series that keeps the audience in suspense

cliffhanger

cliffhanger

Ex: As the tension reached its peak , the protagonist found themselves in a perilous situation , setting the stage for a nail-biting cliffhanger that would keep readers guessing until the next installment .Mentre la tensione raggiungeva il suo apice, il protagonista si è trovato in una situazione pericolosa, preparando il terreno per un **cliffhanger** mozzafiato che avrebbe tenuto i lettori con il fiato sospeso fino alla prossima puntata.
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premise
[sostantivo]

the basic idea, concept, or foundation upon which a story is built, and often includes the central conflict, characters, setting, and overall tone or genre of the narrative

premessa, presupposto

premessa, presupposto

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theme
[sostantivo]

a recurring element that is the main idea or subject in a literary or artistic piece

tema

tema

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poetic license
[sostantivo]

the freedom to deviate from facts, rules or conventional forms practiced by an artist or author in order to gain a desired effect

licenza poetica

licenza poetica

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sequel
[sostantivo]

a book, movie, play, etc. that continues and extends the story of an earlier one

seguito

seguito

Ex: The sequel exceeded expectations , introducing new twists and revelations that kept audiences on the edge of their seats .Il **seguito** ha superato le aspettative, introducendo nuovi colpi di scena e rivelazioni che hanno tenuto il pubblico con il fiato sospeso.
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spoiler
[sostantivo]

unwanted information about how the plot of a movie, game, book, etc. develops or ends that can ruin one's enjoyment

spoiler

spoiler

Ex: The film ’s spoiler was so widely shared that many people did n’t bother to watch it .
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arc
[sostantivo]

the main theme or the continuous line in which a narrative develops

arco

arco

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storyline
[sostantivo]

the plot of a movie, play, novel, etc.

traccia

traccia

Ex: The novel ’s storyline follows the journey of a young girl finding her family .La **trama** del romanzo segue il viaggio di una ragazza alla ricerca della sua famiglia.
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the continuous flow of thoughts, feelings, and sensations of a character in a seemingly unstructured and spontaneous manner

flusso di coscienza, corrente di coscienza

flusso di coscienza, corrente di coscienza

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subplot
[sostantivo]

a series of events in a novel, movie, etc. that is separate from the main story and is less important but is linked to it

sottotrama

sottotrama

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swashbuckling
[sostantivo]

a genre of literature, film, or entertainment that features action-packed adventures of daring swordplay, romance, and excitement, often set in historical or fantastical settings

cappa e spada, avventure di cappa e spada

cappa e spada, avventure di cappa e spada

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synopsis
[sostantivo]

a brief summary or overview of the plot, characters, and major events of a book, movie, or other narrative work

sinossi, riassunto

sinossi, riassunto

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trope
[sostantivo]

a common or recurring theme, motif, or device that is used in literature, art, or other forms of creative expression

tropo, figura retorica

tropo, figura retorica

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vignette
[sostantivo]

a brief, impressionistic scene or sketch in literature or film that focuses on a particular moment or character

vignetta

vignetta

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writer's block
[sostantivo]

a condition experienced by writers in which they are unable to produce new written material, despite having the desire or obligation to do so

blocco dello scrittore, blocco creativo

blocco dello scrittore, blocco creativo

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filler
[sostantivo]

any material in a narrative that serves to pad or extend the length of the story without advancing the plot or developing the characters

riempitivo, materiale di riempimento

riempitivo, materiale di riempimento

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flashback
[sostantivo]

a scene in a story line that interrupts the chronological order and takes the narrative back in time

flashback

flashback

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frame story
[sostantivo]

a literary technique in which an introductory narrative serves as a frame for another story or a series of shorter stories

telaio storia

telaio storia

Ex: The frame story provides a meta-narrative framework that invites readers to reflect on the nature of storytelling itself , blurring the lines between fiction and reality .**La cornice narrativa** fornisce una struttura meta-narrativa che invita i lettori a riflettere sulla natura stessa della narrazione, sfumando i confini tra finzione e realtà.
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interior monologue
[sostantivo]

a literary device that reveals a character's inner thoughts and feelings directly to the reader

monologo interiore, soliloquio interiore

monologo interiore, soliloquio interiore

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to cause the death of a character in a work of fiction, typically for dramatic effects or to advance the plot

eliminare, uccidere

eliminare, uccidere

Ex: The director decided to kill off the character because they felt it would make the story more impactful .Il regista ha deciso di **uccidere** il personaggio perché riteneva che avrebbe reso la storia più impattante.
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linear narrative
[sostantivo]

a type of storytelling in which events are presented in a sequential and chronological order, following a cause-and-effect pattern and progressing toward a resolution or endpoint

narrativa lineare, racconto lineare

narrativa lineare, racconto lineare

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a type of storytelling that does not follow a chronological sequence, instead jumping back and forth in time or presenting events out of order

narrativa non lineare, racconto non lineare

narrativa non lineare, racconto non lineare

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a type of storytelling that allows the audience or user to actively participate in the story, making decisions that affect the direction or outcome of the narrative

narrativa interattiva, racconto interattivo

narrativa interattiva, racconto interattivo

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longueur
[sostantivo]

a tedious or boring section of a work of literature or other artistic work, characterized by a lack of action, tension, or interest

parte noiosa

parte noiosa

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love triangle
[sostantivo]

a relationship dynamic commonly found in stories, where three characters are romantically involved with each other in a way that creates tension, conflict, and difficult choices

triangolo amoroso, menage à trois

triangolo amoroso, menage à trois

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MacGuffin
[sostantivo]

a storytelling device often used in film and literature, referring to an object, goal, or other motivator that drives the plot and characters' actions, but is often irrelevant or unimportant to the overall story itself

un MacGuffin, un oggetto della ricerca

un MacGuffin, un oggetto della ricerca

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to create or embellish a story or a person's life with mythological or heroic elements

mitizzare,  mitologizzare

mitizzare, mitologizzare

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to narrate
[Verbo]

to provide a spoken or written description of an event, story, etc.

narrare, raccontare

narrare, raccontare

Ex: The teacher asked each student to narrate a personal story during the storytelling session .L'insegnante ha chiesto a ogni studente di **narrare** una storia personale durante la sessione di narrazione.
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narration
[sostantivo]

the way of telling or explaining a story, particularly in a movie, novel, etc.

narrazione

narrazione

Ex: The nonlinear narration kept viewers engaged as the story unfolded in unexpected ways , revealing key plot points out of sequence .La **narrazione** non lineare ha tenuto gli spettatori coinvolti mentre la storia si svolgeva in modi inaspettati, rivelando punti chiave della trama fuori sequenza.
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narrative
[sostantivo]

a story or an account of something especially one that is told in a movie, novel, etc.

narrazione

narrazione

Ex: He crafted a narrative that seamlessly blended history with fiction .Ha creato una **narrazione** che fondeva perfettamente storia e finzione.
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narrative thread
[sostantivo]

a plotline or a story element that runs throughout a larger narrative, connecting different events and characters together, often with a unifying theme or motif

filo narrativo, trama narrativa

filo narrativo, trama narrativa

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pace
[sostantivo]

the rhythm, tempo, and speed at which a story unfolds, and how it affects the audience's engagement and emotional response to the narrative

ritmo, velocità

ritmo, velocità

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to attribute human characteristics, traits, or qualities to a non-human object, concept, or animal

personificare, incarnare

personificare, incarnare

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plot
[sostantivo]

the events that are crucial to the formation and continuity of a story in a movie, play, novel, etc.

traccia

traccia

Ex: Critics praised the plot of the film for its originality and depth .I critici hanno elogiato **la trama** del film per la sua originalità e profondità.
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plot drift
[sostantivo]

a situation where the plot of a story deviates from its original trajectory

deriva della trama, deviazione della trama

deriva della trama, deviazione della trama

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plot hole
[sostantivo]

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

foro di trama

foro di trama

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plot twist
[sostantivo]

a sudden and unexpected development in the storyline of a narrative, often at a crucial moment

colpo di scena, svolta inaspettata

colpo di scena, svolta inaspettata

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plot device
[sostantivo]

a narrative element, often used in literature or film, that is employed by the author or screenwriter to advance the story or create a particular effect

espediente narrativo, artificio narrativo

espediente narrativo, artificio narrativo

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quibble
[sostantivo]

a plot device where a character uses the exact wording of a rule or agreement to avoid its intended meaning or purpose

cavillo, sofisma

cavillo, sofisma

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red herring
[sostantivo]

anything that is intended to take people's focus away from what is important

diversivo

diversivo

Ex: The conspiracy theories circulating online are often filled with red herrings to mislead the public and create confusion .Le teorie del complotto che circolano online sono spesso piene di **false piste** per fuorviare il pubblico e creare confusione.
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eucatastrophe
[sostantivo]

a term coined by J.R.R. Tolkien to describe a sudden and unexpected turn of events in a story that results in a positive and joyful outcome

eucatastrofe, svolto felice inaspettato

eucatastrofe, svolto felice inaspettato

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flashforward
[sostantivo]

an instance of showing a scene or event that will happen later in a movie, TV episode, etc. interrupting the chronological order of the plot

anacronismo

anacronismo

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in medias res
[avverbio]

a literary technique in which a narrative begins in the middle of the story, rather than at the beginning

nel mezzo dell'azione, in medias res

nel mezzo dell'azione, in medias res

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narrative hook
[sostantivo]

a literary device used at the beginning of a story to capture the reader's attention and engage their interest

gancio narrativo, amo narrativo

gancio narrativo, amo narrativo

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poetic justice
[sostantivo]

a situation in which one believes that an unfortunate event that has happened to someone is well deserved

giustizia poetica, castigo divino

giustizia poetica, castigo divino

Ex: The upcoming play promises to deliver moments of poetic justice, where the protagonists triumph over adversity and the antagonists face their comeuppance .Il prossimo spettacolo promette di offrire momenti di **giustizia poetica**, dove i protagonisti trionfano sulle avversità e gli antagonisti affrontano la loro meritata punizione.
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a hypothetical situation which presents a moral dilemma where a person or authority must decide whether to use extreme measures to prevent a catastrophic event from occurring

scenario della bomba a orologeria, situazione di dilemma morale della bomba a orologeria

scenario della bomba a orologeria, situazione di dilemma morale della bomba a orologeria

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defamiliarization
[sostantivo]

a literary technique used to make the familiar seem unfamiliar or strange in order to encourage the reader to see the world in a new way

defamiliarizzazione, straniamento

defamiliarizzazione, straniamento

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multiperspectivity
[sostantivo]

a narrative technique in which a story is told from multiple perspectives or points of view

multiprospettivitá, tecnica narrativa multiprospettica

multiprospettivitá, tecnica narrativa multiprospettica

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conflict
[sostantivo]

the struggle between opposing forces in a story, which drives the narrative forward and creates tension and drama

conflitto, tensione narrativa

conflitto, tensione narrativa

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dialogue
[sostantivo]

a written or spoken line that is spoken by a character in a play, movie, book, or other work of fiction

dialogo

dialogo

Ex: The actors rehearsed their dialogue repeatedly before opening night .Gli attori hanno provato il loro **dialogo** ripetutamente prima della prima.
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