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Literatura - Naratologie

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s naratologií, jako je „climax“, „cliffhanger“ a „sequel“.

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Words Related to Literature
bathos
[Podstatné jméno]

a literary device in which an attempt at serious or elevated writing or speech is undermined by an incongruous or absurd use of language or imagery

batóz, tragikomický prvek

batóz, tragikomický prvek

climax
[Podstatné jméno]

the most significant moment in a story, play, movie, etc. with a high dramatic suspense

vrchol, klimax

vrchol, klimax

Ex: climax of the play marked a turning point in the protagonist 's journey , leading to a profound transformation .
Chekhov's gun
[Podstatné jméno]

a literary principle that states that every element introduced in a story must be necessary and relevant to the plot or it should be removed

Čechovova puška, Čechovův zákon

Čechovova puška, Čechovův zákon

comic relief
[Podstatné jméno]

a literary technique that uses humor to interrupt serious or tragic scenes in order to provide a temporary release from emotional tension

comic relief, komická úleva

comic relief, komická úleva

contrivance
[Podstatné jméno]

a plot device or a literary technique that is used to resolve a difficult or complicated situation in an unexpected and somewhat unrealistic way

vynález, náhoda

vynález, náhoda

denouement
[Podstatné jméno]

the last section of a literary or dramatic piece where the plot is concluded and all the matters of the work is explained

rozuzlení, vyvrcholení

rozuzlení, vyvrcholení

Ex: After a thrilling climax , the noveldenouement provided a satisfying resolution to all the conflicts .
deus ex machina
[Podstatné jméno]

a literary device where a sudden and unexpected event or character is introduced to resolve a problem in a story

deus ex machina, božská intervence

deus ex machina, božská intervence

embellishment
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of adding extra details or exaggerating certain aspects of a story or description to make it more interesting or appealing

vy embellishment, ozdobení

vy embellishment, ozdobení

ending
[Podstatné jméno]

the final part of a story, movie, etc.

konec, závěr

konec, závěr

Ex: They both prefer books with a happy ending.
eponym
[Podstatné jméno]

a person, place, or thing after whom or which something is named

eponym, pojmenována osobou

eponym, pojmenována osobou

dangler
[Podstatné jméno]

a plot or character element that is introduced but never fully explained or resolved, leaving the audience with unanswered questions or loose ends

záhadný prvek, nevyjasněná složka

záhadný prvek, nevyjasněná složka

setting
[Podstatné jméno]

the time and place in which the story of a movie, play, etc. is taking place

prostředí, lokace

prostředí, lokace

Ex: setting of the fantasy saga is an ancient kingdom filled with magic .
cliffhanger
[Podstatné jméno]

an ending to an episode of a series that keeps the audience in suspense

suspense, napínavý závěr

suspense, napínavý závěr

Ex: As the tension reached its peak , the protagonist found themselves in a perilous situation , setting the stage for a cliffhanger that would keep readers guessing until the next installment .
premise
[Podstatné jméno]

the basic idea, concept, or foundation upon which a story is built, and often includes the central conflict, characters, setting, and overall tone or genre of the narrative

premisa, předpoklad

premisa, předpoklad

theme
[Podstatné jméno]

a recurring element that is the main idea or subject in a literary or artistic piece

téma, námět

téma, námět

poetic license
[Podstatné jméno]

the freedom to deviate from facts, rules or conventional forms practiced by an artist or author in order to gain a desired effect

poetická licence, umělecká svoboda

poetická licence, umělecká svoboda

sequel
[Podstatné jméno]

a book, movie, play, etc. that continues and extends the story of an earlier one

pokračování, následník

pokračování, následník

Ex: sequel exceeded expectations , introducing new twists and revelations that kept audiences on the edge of their seats .
spoiler
[Podstatné jméno]

unwanted information about how the plot of a movie, game, book, etc. develops or ends that can ruin one's enjoyment

spoilery, prozrazení

spoilery, prozrazení

Ex: The filmspoiler was so widely shared that many people did n’t bother to watch it .
arc
[Podstatné jméno]

the main theme or the continuous line in which a narrative develops

narrativní oblouk, příběhová linka

narrativní oblouk, příběhová linka

storyline
[Podstatné jméno]

the plot of a movie, play, novel, etc.

dějová linie, příběh

dějová linie, příběh

Ex: The novelstoryline follows the journey of a young girl finding her family .
stream of consciousness
[Podstatné jméno]

the continuous flow of thoughts, feelings, and sensations of a character in a seemingly unstructured and spontaneous manner

proud vědomí, proud myšlenek

proud vědomí, proud myšlenek

subplot
[Podstatné jméno]

a series of events in a novel, movie, etc. that is separate from the main story and is less important but is linked to it

podpříběh, druhý plán

podpříběh, druhý plán

swashbuckling
[Podstatné jméno]

a genre of literature, film, or entertainment that features action-packed adventures of daring swordplay, romance, and excitement, often set in historical or fantastical settings

šermířství, dobrodružný žánr

šermířství, dobrodružný žánr

synopsis
[Podstatné jméno]

a brief summary or overview of the plot, characters, and major events of a book, movie, or other narrative work

synopse, přehled

synopse, přehled

trope
[Podstatné jméno]

a common or recurring theme, motif, or device that is used in literature, art, or other forms of creative expression

trop, motiv

trop, motiv

vignette
[Podstatné jméno]

a brief, impressionistic scene or sketch in literature or film that focuses on a particular moment or character

vigneta, obrázek

vigneta, obrázek

writer's block
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition experienced by writers in which they are unable to produce new written material, despite having the desire or obligation to do so

spisovatelská krize, blok spisovatele

spisovatelská krize, blok spisovatele

filler
[Podstatné jméno]

any material in a narrative that serves to pad or extend the length of the story without advancing the plot or developing the characters

výplň, vycpávka

výplň, vycpávka

flashback
[Podstatné jméno]

a scene in a story line that interrupts the chronological order and takes the narrative back in time

vzpomínková scéna, flashback

vzpomínková scéna, flashback

frame story
[Podstatné jméno]

a literary technique in which an introductory narrative serves as a frame for another story or a series of shorter stories

rámový příběh, příběh v rámci

rámový příběh, příběh v rámci

Ex: frame story provides a meta-narrative framework that invites readers to reflect on the nature of storytelling itself , blurring the lines between fiction and reality .
interior monologue
[Podstatné jméno]

a literary device that reveals a character's inner thoughts and feelings directly to the reader

vnitřní monolog, vnitřní dialog

vnitřní monolog, vnitřní dialog

to kill off
[sloveso]

to cause the death of a character in a work of fiction, typically for dramatic effects or to advance the plot

zabít, eliminovat

zabít, eliminovat

Ex: The director decided kill off the character because they felt it would make the story more impactful .
linear narrative
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of storytelling in which events are presented in a sequential and chronological order, following a cause-and-effect pattern and progressing toward a resolution or endpoint

lineární narativ, lineární vyprávění

lineární narativ, lineární vyprávění

nonlinear narrative
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of storytelling that does not follow a chronological sequence, instead jumping back and forth in time or presenting events out of order

nelinerární vyprávění, nelineární narativ

nelinerární vyprávění, nelineární narativ

interactive narrative
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of storytelling that allows the audience or user to actively participate in the story, making decisions that affect the direction or outcome of the narrative

interaktivní narativ, interaktivní vyprávění

interaktivní narativ, interaktivní vyprávění

longueur
[Podstatné jméno]

a tedious or boring section of a work of literature or other artistic work, characterized by a lack of action, tension, or interest

délka, nudný úsek

délka, nudný úsek

love triangle
[Podstatné jméno]

a relationship dynamic commonly found in stories, where three characters are romantically involved with each other in a way that creates tension, conflict, and difficult choices

milostný trojúhelník, trojúhelníková láska

milostný trojúhelník, trojúhelníková láska

MacGuffin
[Podstatné jméno]

a storytelling device often used in film and literature, referring to an object, goal, or other motivator that drives the plot and characters' actions, but is often irrelevant or unimportant to the overall story itself

MacGuffin, dramatický prvek

MacGuffin, dramatický prvek

to create or embellish a story or a person's life with mythological or heroic elements

mythologizovat, mytizovat

mythologizovat, mytizovat

to narrate
[sloveso]

to provide a spoken or written description of an event, story, etc.

vyprávět, narrativovat

vyprávět, narrativovat

Ex: The teacher asked each student narrate a personal story during the storytelling session .
narration
[Podstatné jméno]

the way of telling or explaining a story, particularly in a movie, novel, etc.

narrace, vyprávění

narrace, vyprávění

Ex: The narration kept viewers engaged as the story unfolded in unexpected ways , revealing key plot points out of sequence .
narrative
[Podstatné jméno]

a story or an account of something especially one that is told in a movie, novel, etc.

narrativ, vyprávění

narrativ, vyprávění

Ex: He crafted narrative that seamlessly blended history with fiction .
narrative thread
[Podstatné jméno]

a plotline or a story element that runs throughout a larger narrative, connecting different events and characters together, often with a unifying theme or motif

narrativní vlákno, dějová linie

narrativní vlákno, dějová linie

pace
[Podstatné jméno]

the rhythm, tempo, and speed at which a story unfolds, and how it affects the audience's engagement and emotional response to the narrative

tempo, rychlost

tempo, rychlost

to personify
[sloveso]

to attribute human characteristics, traits, or qualities to a non-human object, concept, or animal

osobnit, personifikovat

osobnit, personifikovat

plot
[Podstatné jméno]

the events that are crucial to the formation and continuity of a story in a movie, play, novel, etc.

děj, zápletka

děj, zápletka

Ex: Critics praised plot of the film for its originality and depth .
plot drift
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation where the plot of a story deviates from its original trajectory

odchylka děje, odklon od příběhu

odchylka děje, odklon od příběhu

plot hole
[Podstatné jméno]

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

dějová jáma, narrativní nesrovnalost

dějová jáma, narrativní nesrovnalost

plot twist
[Podstatné jméno]

a sudden and unexpected development in the storyline of a narrative, often at a crucial moment

zvrat v ději, nečekaný zvrat

zvrat v ději, nečekaný zvrat

plot device
[Podstatné jméno]

a narrative element, often used in literature or film, that is employed by the author or screenwriter to advance the story or create a particular effect

dějový prvek, narrativní prvek

dějový prvek, narrativní prvek

quibble
[Podstatné jméno]

a plot device where a character uses the exact wording of a rule or agreement to avoid its intended meaning or purpose

klička, sporný bod

klička, sporný bod

red herring
[Podstatné jméno]

anything that is intended to take people's focus away from what is important

odváděč pozornosti, falešná stopa

odváděč pozornosti, falešná stopa

Ex: The conspiracy theories circulating online are often filled red herrings to mislead the public and create confusion .
eucatastrophe
[Podstatné jméno]

a term coined by J.R.R. Tolkien to describe a sudden and unexpected turn of events in a story that results in a positive and joyful outcome

eukatastrofa, šťastná pohroma

eukatastrofa, šťastná pohroma

flashforward
[Podstatné jméno]

an instance of showing a scene or event that will happen later in a movie, TV episode, etc. interrupting the chronological order of the plot

předzvěst, náhled do budoucnosti

předzvěst, náhled do budoucnosti

in medias res
[Příslovce]

a literary technique in which a narrative begins in the middle of the story, rather than at the beginning

v prostředku děje, do prostředka příběhu

v prostředku děje, do prostředka příběhu

narrative hook
[Podstatné jméno]

a literary device used at the beginning of a story to capture the reader's attention and engage their interest

narrativní háček, vyprávěcí háček

narrativní háček, vyprávěcí háček

poetic justice
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation in which one believes that an unfortunate event that has happened to someone is well deserved

poetická spravedlnost, poetická msta

poetická spravedlnost, poetická msta

Ex: The upcoming play promises to deliver moments poetic justice, where the protagonists triumph over adversity and the antagonists face their comeuppance .
ticking time bomb scenario
[Podstatné jméno]

a hypothetical situation which presents a moral dilemma where a person or authority must decide whether to use extreme measures to prevent a catastrophic event from occurring

scénář tikající bombu, scénář časované bomby

scénář tikající bombu, scénář časované bomby

defamiliarization
[Podstatné jméno]

a literary technique used to make the familiar seem unfamiliar or strange in order to encourage the reader to see the world in a new way

defamiliarizace, odcizení

defamiliarizace, odcizení

multiperspectivity
[Podstatné jméno]

a narrative technique in which a story is told from multiple perspectives or points of view

multiperspektivita, vícerozměrnost

multiperspektivita, vícerozměrnost

conflict
[Podstatné jméno]

the struggle between opposing forces in a story, which drives the narrative forward and creates tension and drama

konflikt, spor

konflikt, spor

dialogue
[Podstatné jméno]

a written or spoken line that is spoken by a character in a play, movie, book, or other work of fiction

dialog, dialogue

dialog, dialogue

Ex: The actors rehearsed dialogue repeatedly before opening night .
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