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文学 - 物語学

ここでは、「クライマックス」、「クリフハンガー」、「続編」など、物語論に関連するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Literature
bathos
bathos
[名詞]

a literary device in which an attempt at serious or elevated writing or speech is undermined by an incongruous or absurd use of language or imagery

バトス, 失望効果

バトス, 失望効果

climax
climax
[名詞]

the most significant moment in a story, play, movie, etc. with a high dramatic suspense

クライマックス, 山場

クライマックス, 山場

Ex: The climax of the novel left readers on the edge of their seats, eagerly anticipating the resolution. 
Chekhov's gun

a literary principle that states that every element introduced in a story must be necessary and relevant to the plot or it should be removed

チェーホフの銃, チェーホフの原則

チェーホフの銃, チェーホフの原則

comic relief
comic relief
[名詞]

a literary technique that uses humor to interrupt serious or tragic scenes in order to provide a temporary release from emotional tension

コミックリリーフ, 喜劇的救済

コミックリリーフ, 喜劇的救済

contrivance
contrivance
[名詞]

a plot device or literary technique used to resolve a difficult situation in an unexpected or artificial way

仕掛け, 工夫

仕掛け, 工夫

Ex: The hero's sudden inheritance was a convenient contrivance. 
denouement
denouement
[名詞]

the last section of a literary or dramatic piece where the plot is concluded and all the matters of the work is explained

結末, 解決

結末, 解決

Ex: The denouement of the play revealed the true motives behind the protagonist’s actions. 
deus ex machina

a literary device where a sudden and unexpected event or character is introduced to resolve a problem in a story

deus ex machina, 神の介入

deus ex machina, 神の介入

embellishment

the act of adding extra details or exaggerating certain aspects of a story or description to make it more interesting or appealing

装飾, 誇張

装飾, 誇張

ending
ending
[名詞]

the final part of a story, movie, etc.

終わり, 結末

終わり, 結末

Ex: He thought the ending of the mystery novel was quite clever. 
eponym
eponym
[名詞]

a person, place, or thing after whom or which something is named

名祖, 由来となる人物

名祖, 由来となる人物

dangler
dangler
[名詞]

a plot or character element that is introduced but never fully explained or resolved, leaving the audience with unanswered questions or loose ends

未解決の要素, 宙ぶらりんのプロット

未解決の要素, 宙ぶらりんのプロット

setting
setting
[名詞]

the time and place in which the story of a movie, play, etc. is taking place

設定, 舞台

設定, 舞台

Ex: The setting of the movie is a futuristic city in the year 2050. 
cliffhanger
cliffhanger
[名詞]

an ending to an episode of a series that keeps the audience in suspense

サスペンス, クリフハンガー

サスペンス, クリフハンガー

Ex: The season finale ended on a thrilling cliffhanger, leaving viewers on the edge of their seats and eagerly anticipating the next episode. 
premise
premise
[名詞]

the central idea or foundation of a story, encompassing its main concept, conflict, characters, setting, and overall tone or genre

前提, 中心概念

前提, 中心概念

Ex: The movie's premise revolves around time travel and its consequences. 
theme
theme
[名詞]

a recurring element that is the main idea or subject in a literary or artistic piece

テーマ, モチーフ

テーマ, モチーフ

poetic license

the freedom to deviate from facts, rules or conventional forms practiced by an artist or author in order to gain a desired effect

詩的免許, 詩的自由

詩的免許, 詩的自由

sequel
sequel
[名詞]

a book, movie, play, etc. that continues and extends the story of an earlier one

続編

続編

Ex: The highly anticipated sequel to the bestselling novel was released to critical acclaim. 
spoiler
spoiler
[名詞]

unwanted information about how the plot of a movie, game, book, etc. develops or ends that can ruin one's enjoyment

ネタバレ, スポイラー

ネタバレ, スポイラー

Ex: He accidentally gave away a spoiler about the ending of the movie. 
arc
arc
[名詞]

the main theme or continuous narrative line in a story or series

物語のアーク, ナラティブライン

物語のアーク, ナラティブライン

Ex: The character's emotional arc is central to the novel. 
storyline
storyline
[名詞]

the plot of a movie, play, novel, etc.

ストーリーライン, 筋書き

ストーリーライン, 筋書き

Ex: The storyline takes a surprising turn in the final chapters of the book. 
stream of consciousness

the continuous flow of thoughts, feelings, and sensations of a character in a seemingly unstructured and spontaneous manner

意識の流れ, 意識の流動

意識の流れ, 意識の流動

subplot
subplot
[名詞]

a series of events in a novel, movie, etc. that is separate from the main story and is less important but is linked to it

サブプロット, 副筋

サブプロット, 副筋

swashbuckling

a genre of literature, film, or entertainment that features action-packed adventures of daring swordplay, romance, and excitement, often set in historical or fantastical settings

剣劇, 冒険活劇

剣劇, 冒険活劇

synopsis
synopsis
[名詞]

a brief summary or overview of the plot, characters, and major events of a book, movie, or other narrative work

あらすじ, 概要

あらすじ, 概要

trope
trope
[名詞]

a common or recurring theme, motif, or device that is used in literature, art, or other forms of creative expression

トロープ, 修辞技法

トロープ, 修辞技法

vignette
vignette
[名詞]

a brief, impressionistic scene or sketch in literature or film that focuses on a particular moment or character

ヴィネット

ヴィネット

writer's block

a condition experienced by writers in which they are unable to produce new written material, despite having the desire or obligation to do so

作家のブロック, 創造的ブロック

作家のブロック, 創造的ブロック

filler
filler
[名詞]

any material in a narrative that serves to pad or extend the length of the story without advancing the plot or developing the characters

フィラー, 埋め合わせ材料

フィラー, 埋め合わせ材料

flashback
flashback
[名詞]

a scene in a story line that interrupts the chronological order and takes the narrative back in time

フラッシュバック, 回想シーン

フラッシュバック, 回想シーン

frame story
frame story
[名詞]

a literary technique in which an introductory narrative serves as a frame for another story or a series of shorter stories

枠物語, フレームストーリー

枠物語, フレームストーリー

Ex: The frame story of the novel serves as a narrative device, framing the main plot with an overarching tale that provides context and perspective. 
interior monologue

a literary device that reveals a character's inner thoughts and feelings directly to the reader

内面独白, 内心の独白

内面独白, 内心の独白

to kill off
to kill off
[動詞]

to cause the death of a character in a work of fiction, typically for dramatic effects or to advance the plot

消す, 殺す

消す, 殺す

Ex: The author is planning to kill off one of the main characters in the next book. 
linear narrative

a type of storytelling in which events are presented in a sequential and chronological order, following a cause-and-effect pattern and progressing toward a resolution or endpoint

線形の物語, リニアナラティブ

線形の物語, リニアナラティブ

nonlinear narrative

a type of storytelling that does not follow a chronological sequence, instead jumping back and forth in time or presenting events out of order

非線形の物語, 時系列でない叙述

非線形の物語, 時系列でない叙述

interactive narrative

a type of storytelling that allows the audience or user to actively participate in the story, making decisions that affect the direction or outcome of the narrative

インタラクティブな物語, 双方向性のあるナラティブ

インタラクティブな物語, 双方向性のあるナラティブ

longueur
longueur
[名詞]

a tedious or boring section of a work of literature or other artistic work, characterized by a lack of action, tension, or interest

長くて退屈な部分

長くて退屈な部分

love triangle

a relationship dynamic commonly found in stories, where three characters are romantically involved with each other in a way that creates tension, conflict, and difficult choices

三角関係, メナージュ・ア・トロワ

三角関係, メナージュ・ア・トロワ

MacGuffin
MacGuffin
[名詞]

a storytelling device often used in film and literature, referring to an object, goal, or other motivator that drives the plot and characters' actions, but is often irrelevant or unimportant to the overall story itself

マクガフィン, 探索対象

マクガフィン, 探索対象

to mythologize

to create or embellish a story or a person's life with mythological or heroic elements

神話化する,  伝説化する

神話化する, 伝説化する

to narrate
to narrate
[動詞]

to provide a spoken or written description of an event, story, etc.

語る, 叙述する

語る, 叙述する

Ex: She stood in front of the class to narrate her experience during the summer vacation. 
narration
narration
[名詞]

the way of telling or explaining a story, particularly in a movie, novel, etc.

ナレーション, 語り

ナレーション, 語り

Ex: The first-person narration allowed readers to experience the protagonist's inner thoughts and emotions firsthand. 
narrative
narrative
[名詞]

a story or an account of something especially one that is told in a movie, novel, etc.

物語, ナレーション

物語, ナレーション

Ex: The narrative of the film captured the audience's attention from the very beginning. 
narrative thread

a plotline or a story element that runs throughout a larger narrative, connecting different events and characters together, often with a unifying theme or motif

物語の糸, プロットライン

物語の糸, プロットライン

pace
pace
[名詞]

the speed at which a narrative unfolds and how it affects audience engagement

リズム, ペース

リズム, ペース

Ex: The film's pace keeps viewers on the edge of their seats. 
to personify
to personify
[動詞]

to attribute human characteristics, traits, or qualities to a non-human object, concept, or animal

擬人化する, 体現する

擬人化する, 体現する

plot
plot
[名詞]

the events that are crucial to the formation and continuity of a story in a movie, play, novel, etc.

プロット, 筋書き

プロット, 筋書き

Ex: The plot of the novel kept readers on the edge of their seats with its unexpected twists. 
plot drift
plot drift
[名詞]

a situation where the plot of a story deviates from its original trajectory

プロットドリフト, プロットの逸脱

プロットドリフト, プロットの逸脱

plot hole
plot hole
[名詞]

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

プロットホール, 物語の矛盾

プロットホール, 物語の矛盾

plot twist
plot twist
[名詞]

a sudden and unexpected development in the storyline of a narrative, often at a crucial moment

プロットツイスト, 予期せぬ展開

プロットツイスト, 予期せぬ展開

plot device
plot device
[名詞]

a narrative element, often used in literature or film, that is employed by the author or screenwriter to advance the story or create a particular effect

プロットデバイス, 物語の装置

プロットデバイス, 物語の装置

quibble
quibble
[名詞]

an instance of using precise phrasing in a contract, rule, or law to bypass its spirit or purpose

言いがかり, 詭弁

言いがかり, 詭弁

Ex: The lawyer exploited a quibble in the lease that exempted garden sheds from maintenance fees. 
red herring
red herring
[名詞]

anything that is intended to take people's focus away from what is important

目くらまし, 人目をそらす材料

目くらまし, 人目をそらす材料

Ex: The argument about office snacks was a red herring; the real issue was the budget cut. 
eucatastrophe

a term coined by J.R.R. Tolkien to describe a sudden and unexpected turn of events in a story that results in a positive and joyful outcome

ユーカタストロフィ, 予期せぬ幸せな展開

ユーカタストロフィ, 予期せぬ幸せな展開

flashforward
flashforward
[名詞]

an instance of showing a scene or event that will happen later in a movie, TV episode, etc. interrupting the chronological order of the plot

フラッシュフォワード, 先送り

フラッシュフォワード, 先送り

in medias res

a literary technique in which a narrative begins in the middle of the story, rather than at the beginning

物語の途中で, イン・メディアス・レス

物語の途中で, イン・メディアス・レス

narrative hook

a literary device used at the beginning of a story to capture the reader's attention and engage their interest

物語のフック, ナラティブフック

物語のフック, ナラティブフック

poetic justice

a situation in which one believes that an unfortunate event that has happened to someone is well deserved

因果応報, 自分でまいた種だ

因果応報, 自分でまいた種だ

Ex: It was poetic justice when the scammer lost his own money in a fake investment. 
ticking time bomb scenario

a hypothetical situation which presents a moral dilemma where a person or authority must decide whether to use extreme measures to prevent a catastrophic event from occurring

時限爆弾シナリオ, 時限爆弾の道徳的ジレンマ状況

時限爆弾シナリオ, 時限爆弾の道徳的ジレンマ状況

defamiliarization

a literary technique used to make the familiar seem unfamiliar or strange in order to encourage the reader to see the world in a new way

異化, 陌生化

異化, 陌生化

multiperspectivity

a narrative technique in which a story is told from multiple perspectives or points of view

多視点性, 多視点叙事技法

多視点性, 多視点叙事技法

conflict
conflict
[名詞]

opposition between characters or forces in a story that drives the plot

葛藤, 対立

葛藤, 対立

Ex: The novel's central conflict revolves around love and duty. 
dialogue
dialogue
[名詞]

a written or spoken line that is spoken by a character in a play, movie, book, or other work of fiction

対話, 会話

対話, 会話

Ex: The dialogue between the two characters revealed their hidden motives. 
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