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文学 - 物語論

ここでは、「クライマックス」、「クリフハンガー」、「続編」など、物語論に関連するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Literature
bathos
[名詞]

a literary device in which an attempt at serious or elevated writing or speech is undermined by an incongruous or absurd use of language or imagery

バトス, 失望効果

バトス, 失望効果

climax
[名詞]

the most significant moment in a story, play, movie, etc. with a high dramatic suspense

クライマックス, 山場

クライマックス, 山場

Ex: The climax of the play marked a turning point in the protagonist 's journey , leading to a profound transformation .劇の**クライマックス**は主人公の旅の転換点となり、深い変容をもたらしました。

a literary principle that states that every element introduced in a story must be necessary and relevant to the plot or it should be removed

チェーホフの銃, チェーホフの原則

チェーホフの銃, チェーホフの原則

comic relief
[名詞]

a literary technique that uses humor to interrupt serious or tragic scenes in order to provide a temporary release from emotional tension

コミックリリーフ, 喜劇的救済

コミックリリーフ, 喜劇的救済

contrivance
[名詞]

a plot device or a literary technique that is used to resolve a difficult or complicated situation in an unexpected and somewhat unrealistic way

仕掛け, 手法

仕掛け, 手法

denouement
[名詞]

the last section of a literary or dramatic piece where the plot is concluded and all the matters of the work is explained

結末, 解決

結末, 解決

Ex: After a thrilling climax , the novel ’s denouement provided a satisfying resolution to all the conflicts .スリリングなクライマックスの後、小説の**結末**はすべての対立に満足のいく解決を提供した。

a literary device where a sudden and unexpected event or character is introduced to resolve a problem in a story

deus ex machina, 神の介入

deus ex machina, 神の介入

the act of adding extra details or exaggerating certain aspects of a story or description to make it more interesting or appealing

装飾, 誇張

装飾, 誇張

ending
[名詞]

the final part of a story, movie, etc.

終わり, 結末

終わり, 結末

Ex: They both prefer books with a happy ending.彼らはどちらもハッピー**エンド**の本を好む。
eponym
[名詞]

a person, place, or thing after whom or which something is named

名祖, 由来となる人物

名祖, 由来となる人物

dangler
[名詞]

a plot or character element that is introduced but never fully explained or resolved, leaving the audience with unanswered questions or loose ends

未解決の要素, 宙ぶらりんのプロット

未解決の要素, 宙ぶらりんのプロット

setting
[名詞]

the time and place in which the story of a movie, play, etc. is taking place

設定, 舞台

設定, 舞台

Ex: The setting of the fantasy saga is an ancient kingdom filled with magic .そのファンタジーサーガの**設定**は、魔法で満ちた古代の王国です。
cliffhanger
[名詞]

an ending to an episode of a series that keeps the audience in suspense

サスペンス, クリフハンガー

サスペンス, クリフハンガー

Ex: As the tension reached its peak , the protagonist found themselves in a perilous situation , setting the stage for a nail-biting cliffhanger that would keep readers guessing until the next installment .緊張がピークに達したとき、主人公は危険な状況に陥り、次の回まで読者を予想させ続ける息をのむような**クリフハンガー**の舞台を設定した。
premise
[名詞]

the basic idea, concept, or foundation upon which a story is built, and often includes the central conflict, characters, setting, and overall tone or genre of the narrative

前提, 仮定

前提, 仮定

theme
[名詞]

a recurring element that is the main idea or subject in a literary or artistic piece

テーマ, モチーフ

テーマ, モチーフ

the freedom to deviate from facts, rules or conventional forms practiced by an artist or author in order to gain a desired effect

詩的免許, 詩的自由

詩的免許, 詩的自由

sequel
[名詞]

a book, movie, play, etc. that continues and extends the story of an earlier one

続編

続編

Ex: The sequel exceeded expectations , introducing new twists and revelations that kept audiences on the edge of their seats .**続編**は期待を上回り、観客を席の端に座らせ続ける新しい展開と啓示を導入しました。
spoiler
[名詞]

unwanted information about how the plot of a movie, game, book, etc. develops or ends that can ruin one's enjoyment

ネタバレ, スポイラー

ネタバレ, スポイラー

Ex: The film ’s spoiler was so widely shared that many people did n’t bother to watch it .
arc
[名詞]

the main theme or the continuous line in which a narrative develops

アーク, 筋書き

アーク, 筋書き

storyline
[名詞]

the plot of a movie, play, novel, etc.

ストーリーライン, 筋書き

ストーリーライン, 筋書き

Ex: The novel ’s storyline follows the journey of a young girl finding her family .小説の**ストーリーライン**は、家族を見つける若い女の子の旅を追っています。

the continuous flow of thoughts, feelings, and sensations of a character in a seemingly unstructured and spontaneous manner

意識の流れ, 意識の流動

意識の流れ, 意識の流動

subplot
[名詞]

a series of events in a novel, movie, etc. that is separate from the main story and is less important but is linked to it

サブプロット, 副筋

サブプロット, 副筋

a genre of literature, film, or entertainment that features action-packed adventures of daring swordplay, romance, and excitement, often set in historical or fantastical settings

剣劇, 冒険活劇

剣劇, 冒険活劇

synopsis
[名詞]

a brief summary or overview of the plot, characters, and major events of a book, movie, or other narrative work

あらすじ, 概要

あらすじ, 概要

trope
[名詞]

a common or recurring theme, motif, or device that is used in literature, art, or other forms of creative expression

トロープ, 修辞技法

トロープ, 修辞技法

vignette
[名詞]

a brief, impressionistic scene or sketch in literature or film that focuses on a particular moment or character

ヴィネット

ヴィネット

a condition experienced by writers in which they are unable to produce new written material, despite having the desire or obligation to do so

作家のブロック, 創造的ブロック

作家のブロック, 創造的ブロック

filler
[名詞]

any material in a narrative that serves to pad or extend the length of the story without advancing the plot or developing the characters

フィラー, 埋め合わせ材料

フィラー, 埋め合わせ材料

flashback
[名詞]

a scene in a story line that interrupts the chronological order and takes the narrative back in time

フラッシュバック, 回想シーン

フラッシュバック, 回想シーン

frame story
[名詞]

a literary technique in which an introductory narrative serves as a frame for another story or a series of shorter stories

枠物語, フレームストーリー

枠物語, フレームストーリー

Ex: The frame story provides a meta-narrative framework that invites readers to reflect on the nature of storytelling itself , blurring the lines between fiction and reality .**フレームストーリー**は、読者に物語そのものの性質について考えさせ、フィクションと現実の境界を曖昧にするメタ物語の枠組みを提供します。

a literary device that reveals a character's inner thoughts and feelings directly to the reader

内面独白, 内心の独白

内面独白, 内心の独白

to kill off
[動詞]

to cause the death of a character in a work of fiction, typically for dramatic effects or to advance the plot

消す, 殺す

消す, 殺す

Ex: The director decided to kill off the character because they felt it would make the story more impactful .監督は、物語をより印象的にすると思ったので、そのキャラクターを**殺す**ことに決めました。

a type of storytelling in which events are presented in a sequential and chronological order, following a cause-and-effect pattern and progressing toward a resolution or endpoint

線形の物語, リニアナラティブ

線形の物語, リニアナラティブ

a type of storytelling that does not follow a chronological sequence, instead jumping back and forth in time or presenting events out of order

非線形の物語, 時系列でない叙述

非線形の物語, 時系列でない叙述

a type of storytelling that allows the audience or user to actively participate in the story, making decisions that affect the direction or outcome of the narrative

インタラクティブな物語, 双方向性のあるナラティブ

インタラクティブな物語, 双方向性のあるナラティブ

longueur
[名詞]

a tedious or boring section of a work of literature or other artistic work, characterized by a lack of action, tension, or interest

長くて退屈な部分

長くて退屈な部分

a relationship dynamic commonly found in stories, where three characters are romantically involved with each other in a way that creates tension, conflict, and difficult choices

三角関係, メナージュ・ア・トロワ

三角関係, メナージュ・ア・トロワ

MacGuffin
[名詞]

a storytelling device often used in film and literature, referring to an object, goal, or other motivator that drives the plot and characters' actions, but is often irrelevant or unimportant to the overall story itself

マクガフィン, 探索対象

マクガフィン, 探索対象

to create or embellish a story or a person's life with mythological or heroic elements

神話化する,  伝説化する

神話化する, 伝説化する

to narrate
[動詞]

to provide a spoken or written description of an event, story, etc.

語る, 叙述する

語る, 叙述する

Ex: The teacher asked each student to narrate a personal story during the storytelling session .先生は、ストーリーテリングのセッション中に各生徒に個人的な物語を**語る**ように求めました。
narration
[名詞]

the way of telling or explaining a story, particularly in a movie, novel, etc.

ナレーション, 語り

ナレーション, 語り

Ex: The nonlinear narration kept viewers engaged as the story unfolded in unexpected ways , revealing key plot points out of sequence .非線形の**ナレーション**は、物語が予期せぬ方法で展開し、重要なプロットポイントを順不同で明らかにするにつれて、視聴者を引きつけました。
narrative
[名詞]

a story or an account of something especially one that is told in a movie, novel, etc.

物語, ナレーション

物語, ナレーション

Ex: He crafted a narrative that seamlessly blended history with fiction .彼は歴史とフィクションをシームレスに融合させた**物語**を作り上げた。

a plotline or a story element that runs throughout a larger narrative, connecting different events and characters together, often with a unifying theme or motif

物語の糸, プロットライン

物語の糸, プロットライン

pace
[名詞]

the rhythm, tempo, and speed at which a story unfolds, and how it affects the audience's engagement and emotional response to the narrative

リズム, ペース

リズム, ペース

to personify
[動詞]

to attribute human characteristics, traits, or qualities to a non-human object, concept, or animal

擬人化する, 体現する

擬人化する, 体現する

plot
[名詞]

the events that are crucial to the formation and continuity of a story in a movie, play, novel, etc.

プロット, 筋書き

プロット, 筋書き

Ex: Critics praised the plot of the film for its originality and depth .批評家たちは、その独創性と深さのために映画の**プロット**を称賛しました。
plot drift
[名詞]

a situation where the plot of a story deviates from its original trajectory

プロットドリフト, プロットの逸脱

プロットドリフト, プロットの逸脱

plot hole
[名詞]

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

プロットホール, 物語の矛盾

プロットホール, 物語の矛盾

plot twist
[名詞]

a sudden and unexpected development in the storyline of a narrative, often at a crucial moment

プロットツイスト, 予期せぬ展開

プロットツイスト, 予期せぬ展開

plot device
[名詞]

a narrative element, often used in literature or film, that is employed by the author or screenwriter to advance the story or create a particular effect

プロットデバイス, 物語の装置

プロットデバイス, 物語の装置

quibble
[名詞]

a plot device where a character uses the exact wording of a rule or agreement to avoid its intended meaning or purpose

言い逃れ, 詭弁

言い逃れ, 詭弁

red herring
[名詞]

anything that is intended to take people's focus away from what is important

偽の手がかり, 注意をそらすもの

偽の手がかり, 注意をそらすもの

Ex: The conspiracy theories circulating online are often filled with red herrings to mislead the public and create confusion .オンラインで流通している陰謀論は、しばしば **注意をそらすもの** で満たされており、公衆を誤解させ混乱を引き起こします。

a term coined by J.R.R. Tolkien to describe a sudden and unexpected turn of events in a story that results in a positive and joyful outcome

ユーカタストロフィ, 予期せぬ幸せな展開

ユーカタストロフィ, 予期せぬ幸せな展開

flashforward
[名詞]

an instance of showing a scene or event that will happen later in a movie, TV episode, etc. interrupting the chronological order of the plot

フラッシュフォワード, 先送り

フラッシュフォワード, 先送り

a literary technique in which a narrative begins in the middle of the story, rather than at the beginning

物語の途中で, イン・メディアス・レス

物語の途中で, イン・メディアス・レス

a literary device used at the beginning of a story to capture the reader's attention and engage their interest

物語のフック, ナラティブフック

物語のフック, ナラティブフック

a situation in which one believes that an unfortunate event that has happened to someone is well deserved

詩的正義, 神の罰

詩的正義, 神の罰

Ex: The upcoming play promises to deliver moments of poetic justice, where the protagonists triumph over adversity and the antagonists face their comeuppance .今度の劇は、**詩的正義**の瞬間を提供することを約束し、主人公たちは逆境に打ち勝ち、敵役たちは当然の報いを受ける。

a hypothetical situation which presents a moral dilemma where a person or authority must decide whether to use extreme measures to prevent a catastrophic event from occurring

時限爆弾シナリオ, 時限爆弾の道徳的ジレンマ状況

時限爆弾シナリオ, 時限爆弾の道徳的ジレンマ状況

a literary technique used to make the familiar seem unfamiliar or strange in order to encourage the reader to see the world in a new way

異化, 陌生化

異化, 陌生化

a narrative technique in which a story is told from multiple perspectives or points of view

多視点性, 多視点叙事技法

多視点性, 多視点叙事技法

conflict
[名詞]

the struggle between opposing forces in a story, which drives the narrative forward and creates tension and drama

葛藤, 物語の緊張

葛藤, 物語の緊張

dialogue
[名詞]

a written or spoken line that is spoken by a character in a play, movie, book, or other work of fiction

対話, 会話

対話, 会話

Ex: The actors rehearsed their dialogue repeatedly before opening night .俳優たちは初日の前に何度も**台本**をリハーサルした。
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