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Science Médicale - Examen et Diagnostic

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à l'examen et au diagnostic, tels que "échographie", "endoscopie" et "biopsie".

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Words Related to Medical Science
biopsy
biopsy
[nom]

the process of removing and analyzing tissue from the body of a sick person to learn more about their condition

biopsie

biopsie

Ex: The doctor recommended a biopsy to determine whether the lump was cancerous. 
blood test

a medical examination in which a small amount of blood is taken from a person to find out if they have any diseases or health conditions

analyse de sang, analyse sanguine

analyse de sang, analyse sanguine

Ex: The doctor ordered a blood test to check for anemia. 
CT scan
CT scan
[nom]

a medical examination during which a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body is created by the use of a computer linked to an X-ray machine

scanographe, tomodensitomètre

scanographe, tomodensitomètre

diagnosis

the identification of the nature and cause of an illness or other problem

diagnostic

diagnostic

Ex: The doctor provided a clear diagnosis after reviewing the test results. 
echocardiogram

an ultrasound test that shows a detailed image of the heart

échocardiogramme

échocardiogramme

echocardiography

a noninvasive diagnostic procedure that uses sound waves to look at tissues and organs inside the chest, particularly the heart

échocardiographie

échocardiographie

examination

the process of looking closely at something to identify any issues

examen, examen médical, bilan de santé

examen, examen médical, bilan de santé

Ex: The mechanic's examination of the engine revealed several problems. 
health check

a detailed medical examination in which a person is tested to find out any diseases or disorders

visite médicale

visite médicale

medical
medical
[nom]

a careful and complete physical assessment of a person's health

visite médicale, examen médical, bilan de santé

visite médicale, examen médical, bilan de santé

magnetic resonance imaging

a technique in which a powerful magnetic field is used to produce detailed images of areas inside the body

IRM

IRM

prognosis

a professional opinion regarding the likely course of an illness

pronostic

pronostic

Ex: The doctor provided a favorable prognosis for the patient's recovery from pneumonia with prompt treatment. 
sample
sample
[nom]

a small amount of a substance taken from a larger amount used for scientific analysis or therapeutic experiment

échantillon

échantillon

Ex: The lab technician collected a blood sample for analysis. 
scan
scan
[nom]

a medical test during which data is obtained by the images produced using a sensing device that examines organs or regions of the body

scanographie

scanographie

Ex: The doctor ordered a scan to get a clear image of the patient's lungs. 
screen
screen
[nom]

a systematic procedure used to detect the presence of a disease or condition in an individual or population

test de dépistage

test de dépistage

Ex: A blood screen showed elevated cholesterol levels. 
colonoscopy

a medical procedure where a flexible tube with a camera is used to check the inside of the colon for health reasons

coloscopie

coloscopie

Ex: The doctor recommended a colonoscopy for me. 
amylase test

a medical laboratory test used to measure amylase enzyme levels in blood or urine for diagnosing pancreatic conditions

test d'amylase, dosage de l'amylase

test d'amylase, dosage de l'amylase

Ex: The doctor ordered an amylase test to assess pancreatic function in a patient with suspected pancreatitis. 
elastography

a medical imaging technique that assesses tissue elasticity, aiding in the identification of abnormalities without invasive procedures

élastographie, technique d'imagerie médicale évaluant l'élasticité des tissus

élastographie, technique d'imagerie médicale évaluant l'élasticité des tissus

colposcopy

a medical procedure using a colposcope to examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for cervical conditions or cancer screening

colposcopie, examen colposcopique

colposcopie, examen colposcopique

specimen

a small amount of something such as urine, blood, etc. that is taken for examination

échantillon

échantillon

Ex: The nurse collected a urine specimen from the patient for laboratory analysis. 
stool
stool
[nom]

a piece of solid waste evacuated from the bowels

excréments

excréments

test
test
[nom]

a medical examination of the body or a part of body to detect possible health issues

examen médical, test médical

examen médical, test médical

Ex: The doctor scheduled a blood test to check for any infections. 
ultrasound

the application of ultrasonic waves for medical purposes, such as producing an image of a growing fetus

ultrasons

ultrasons

electrocardiogram

the recording or display of the electrical activity of someone's heart that is measured by an electrocardiograph

électrocardiogramme, ECG

électrocardiogramme, ECG

Ex: The doctor recommended an ECG to check his heart’s health. 
X-ray
X-ray
[nom]

an image of the inside of a body created using X-rays

rayon X

rayon X

Ex: The doctor ordered an X-ray to check for any fractures after the patient injured their arm. 
electromyography

a diagnostic method for assessing muscle and nerve function by recording their electrical activity

électromyographie, myographie électrique

électromyographie, myographie électrique

Ex: I underwent electromyography to check my muscle health. 
fluoroscopy

real-time X-ray imaging for diagnostics and interventions

fluoroscopie, radiologie interventionnelle

fluoroscopie, radiologie interventionnelle

Ex: Fluoroscopy aids in visualizing internal structures during medical procedures. 
hysteroscopy

a procedure using a thin tube to examine the uterus visually

hystéroscopie, examen hystéroscopique

hystéroscopie, examen hystéroscopique

Ex: I underwent a hysteroscopy to identify and address potential issues in my uterus. 
myelography

a diagnostic imaging method using contrast dye to visualize spinal cord abnormalities

myélographie, radiographie de la moelle épinière

myélographie, radiographie de la moelle épinière

Ex: Healthcare professionals use myelography to visualize structures around the spine. 
polymerase chain reaction

a laboratory technique used to amplify DNA for various applications in medical diagnostics, genetic testing, and research

réaction en chaîne par polymérase, amplification en chaîne par polymérase

réaction en chaîne par polymérase, amplification en chaîne par polymérase

pregnancy test

a diagnostic tool that confirms if someone is pregnant by checking for a hormone called hCG

test de grossesse, dépistage de grossesse

test de grossesse, dépistage de grossesse

Ex: Pregnancy tests are widely available and accessible in pharmacies. 
videonystagmography

a medical test that evaluates vestibular disorders using eye movement recordings

vidéonystagmographie, examen vidéonystagmographique

vidéonystagmographie, examen vidéonystagmographique

vision screening

a non-invasive assessment of visual acuity and eye health to detect potential vision problems or eye disorders

dépistage visuel, examen de la vue

dépistage visuel, examen de la vue

physical examination

a health assessment by a professional to evaluate the body for abnormalities

examen physique, bilan de santé

examen physique, bilan de santé

positive
positive
[Adjectif]

(of a scientific test) showing that a particular substance or condition exists

positif

positif

Ex: The positive result of the pregnancy test confirmed her suspicions. 
negative
negative
[Adjectif]

(of a scientific test) showing that there is no sign of a disease or a particular condition

négatif

négatif

Ex: The doctor informed her that the blood test came back negative for any signs of infection. 
cardiac stress test

a test to assess the heart's function and performance during physical activity or stress

test d'effort cardiaque

test d'effort cardiaque

stool test

a diagnostic examination that analyzes a person's fecal sample to assess digestive health and detect abnormalities or infections

test de selles, examen des selles

test de selles, examen des selles

Ex: Results from stool tests inform effective treatment strategies. 
electroencephalography

a neurodiagnostic technique that records brain electrical activity using scalp electrodes to assess function and detect abnormalities

électroencéphalographie, EEG

électroencéphalographie, EEG

Ex: Electroencephalography monitors brain activity through electrodes on the scalp. 
autopsy
autopsy
[nom]

an examination of a deceased person's organs to determine the cause of death

autopsie

autopsie

Ex: Autopsies are crucial for investigating and determining the cause of death. 
mammogram

an X-ray for early detection of breast cancer and abnormalities

mammographie, radiographie mammaire

mammographie, radiographie mammaire

Ex: Mammograms are crucial for early detection of breast abnormalities. 
mammography

an X-ray imaging technique used to screen and detect breast abnormalities, including early signs of cance

mammographie, radiographie mammaire

mammographie, radiographie mammaire

Ex: Mammography is a standard screening tool for breast health. 
PET scan

a medical imaging technique that uses radioactive tracers to visualize body functions

tomographie par émission de positons, TEP scan

tomographie par émission de positons, TEP scan

electroneuronography

a diagnostic test used to assess the health and function of facial nerves by measuring their electrical signals

électroneuronographie, électroneurographie

électroneuronographie, électroneurographie

electronystagmography

a diagnostic test used to evaluate the health and function of nerves by measuring their electrical signals

électronystagmographie, électronystagmographie

électronystagmographie, électronystagmographie

electrooculography

a test to measure eye muscle activity for assessing eye movement and health

électrooculographie, électro-oculographie

électrooculographie, électro-oculographie

electroretinography

test to measure retinal function and detect vision abnormalities

électrorétinographie, test de mesure de la fonction rétinienne

électrorétinographie, test de mesure de la fonction rétinienne

endoscopy

a medical procedure using a flexible tube with a light and camera to examine internal organs

endoscopie

endoscopie

Ex: Endoscopy is a minimally invasive method for examining various parts of the body. 
endoluminal capsule monitoring

a procedure using a swallowed capsule with sensors to monitor the gastrointestinal tract

surveillance par capsule endoluminale, monitoring par capsule endoluminale

surveillance par capsule endoluminale, monitoring par capsule endoluminale

gastroscopy

a procedure using a flexible tube with a camera to examine the stomach through the mouth

gastroscopie, endoscopie gastrique

gastroscopie, endoscopie gastrique

Ex: Gastroscopy is commonly employed to visually assess the stomach's interior. 
laryngoscopy

a diagnostic procedure that involves examining the larynx with a laryngoscope to assess health and function

laryngoscopie, examen du larynx

laryngoscopie, examen du larynx

ophthalmoscopy

an examination of the inside of the eye using a specialized instrument called an ophthalmoscope

ophtalmoscopie, examen ophtalmoscopique

ophtalmoscopie, examen ophtalmoscopique

Ex: Ophthalmoscopy is a standard procedure for eye examinations. 
sigmoidoscopy

a medical procedure using a thin, lighted tube to examine your lower bowel for growths or other problems

sigmoidoscopie, examen sigmoïdien

sigmoidoscopie, examen sigmoïdien

Ex: I had a sigmoidoscopy to investigate and address my lower digestive health concerns. 
aortography

a diagnostic procedure that involves using contrast dye and X-ray imaging to assess the aorta's health and function

aortographie, radiographie de l'aorte

aortographie, radiographie de l'aorte

cardiac ventriculography

a diagnostic procedure that uses contrast dye and imaging to assess the health and function of the heart's ventricles

ventriculographie cardiaque, cardiographie ventriculaire

ventriculographie cardiaque, cardiographie ventriculaire

ultrasonography

a medical imaging technique that uses sound waves to create real-time images for diagnostic purposes

échographie, ultrasonographie

échographie, ultrasonographie

Ex: My annual checkup used ultrasonography to assess my liver health. 
dynamic posturography

a balance test that measures how well someone can maintain stability during changing sensory input, used to assess vestibular function and postural control

posturographie dynamique, examen posturographique dynamique

posturographie dynamique, examen posturographique dynamique

cytopathology

the examination and analysis of cells to diagnose diseases and detect abnormalities

cytopathologie, examen cytologique

cytopathologie, examen cytologique

encephalography

any X-ray examination of the brain during which the cerebrospinal fluid in the brain ventricles is replaced by air or another gas that acts as a contrast medium

encéphalographie

encéphalographie

tympanometry

a test to assess middle ear function by measuring eardrum movement in response to air pressure changes

tympanométrie, test de tympanométrie

tympanométrie, test de tympanométrie

radiography

the process of obtaining images of the body's anatomy using X-rays, gamma rays, or similar ionizing radiation

radiographie

radiographie

prenatal diagnosis

the medical procedures and tests during pregnancy to detect potential fetal health issues

diagnostic prénatal, diagnostic anténatal

diagnostic prénatal, diagnostic anténatal

Ex: Healthcare professionals use various tests for accurate prenatal diagnosis. 
genetic testing

a diagnostic procedure that involves analyzing an individual's DNA to identify specific genetic mutations, variations, or abnormalities

test génétique, analyse génétique

test génétique, analyse génétique

radiology

a medical examination that employs imaging technologies to visualize and diagnose diseases within the body

radiologie

radiologie

Ex: Healthcare professionals use radiology for visualizing internal structures and detecting abnormalities. 
palpation

a hands-on medical examination to assess the characteristics of underlying structures in the body

palpation, examen par palpation

palpation, examen par palpation

Ex: Palpation is commonly used by healthcare professionals to assess tissues and organs. 
checkup
checkup
[nom]

a complete medical examination of the body to see if there are any health issues

bilan de santé, check-up

bilan de santé, check-up

Ex: She scheduled her annual checkup to ensure she was in good health. 
diffuse optical imaging

a non-invasive technique that uses near-infrared light to study functional processes in biological tissues by measuring changes in tissue absorption and scattering

imagerie optique diffuse, tomographie optique diffuse

imagerie optique diffuse, tomographie optique diffuse

diffusion-weighted imaging

a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that measures the random motion of water molecules in tissues, providing information about the structural integrity and cellular organization of the examined tissue

imagerie de diffusion, imagerie pondérée en diffusion

imagerie de diffusion, imagerie pondérée en diffusion

fluorescence lifetime imaging

a technique that measures the decay time of fluorescence emitted by fluorophores, providing information about molecular interactions, environmental conditions, and cellular processes in biological samples

imagerie par durée de vie de fluorescence, visualisation de la durée de vie de fluorescence

imagerie par durée de vie de fluorescence, visualisation de la durée de vie de fluorescence

imaging agent

a substance used in medical imaging that enhances the visualization of specific tissues or processes, aiding in the accurate diagnosis and assessment of various medical conditions

agent d'imagerie, produit de contraste

agent d'imagerie, produit de contraste

bioluminescence imaging

the non-invasive visualization and tracking of biological processes or events using the emission of light by living organisms or their genetically modified components

imagerie par bioluminescence, visualisation par bioluminescence

imagerie par bioluminescence, visualisation par bioluminescence

calcium imaging

a technique that involves the detection and monitoring of changes in intracellular calcium levels in living cells or organisms, providing insights into various physiological and biochemical processes

imagerie calcique, visualisation du calcium

imagerie calcique, visualisation du calcium

microscopy

a scientific technique that utilizes specialized instruments and optics to magnify and visualize objects or specimens at a microscopic level, enabling the study of detailed structures, cellular components, and biological processes

microscopie, technique microscopique

microscopie, technique microscopique

molecular imaging

the visualization and analysis of molecular and cellular processes in living organisms for disease detection, molecular tracking, and therapeutic evaluation

imagerie moléculaire, visualisation moléculaire

imagerie moléculaire, visualisation moléculaire

Pap test

a gynecological screening test to find early signs of cancer in a woman's neck of the womb

test de Papanicolaou, frottis vaginal

test de Papanicolaou, frottis vaginal

Ex: Having Pap smears regularly is a responsible step in women's healthcare. 
ultrasound imaging

a non-invasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to generate real-time images of internal organs, tissues, and blood flow

imagerie ultrasonore, échographie

imagerie ultrasonore, échographie

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