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Medical Science - Examination and Diagnosis

Here you will learn some English words related to examination and diagnosis, such as "ultrasound", "endoscopy", and "biopsy".

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Words Related to Medical Science
biopsy
biopsy
[noun]

the process of removing and analyzing tissue from the body of a sick person to learn more about their condition

Ex: The doctor recommended a biopsy to determine whether the lump was cancerous. 
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blood test

a medical examination in which a small amount of blood is taken from a person to find out if they have any diseases or health conditions

Ex: The doctor ordered a blood test to check for anemia. 
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CT scan
CT scan
[noun]

a medical examination during which a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body is created by the use of a computer linked to an X-ray machine

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diagnosis
diagnosis
[noun]

the identification of the nature and cause of an illness or other problem

Ex: The doctor provided a clear diagnosis after reviewing the test results. 
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echocardiogram

an ultrasound test that shows a detailed image of the heart

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echocardiography

a noninvasive diagnostic procedure that uses sound waves to look at tissues and organs inside the chest, particularly the heart

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examination

the process of looking closely at something to identify any issues

Ex: The mechanic's examination of the engine revealed several problems. 
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health check

a detailed medical examination in which a person is tested to find out any diseases or disorders

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medical
medical
[noun]

a careful and complete physical assessment of a person's health

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magnetic resonance imaging

a technique in which a powerful magnetic field is used to produce detailed images of areas inside the body

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prognosis
prognosis
[noun]

a professional opinion regarding the likely course of an illness

Ex: The doctor provided a favorable prognosis for the patient's recovery from pneumonia with prompt treatment. 
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sample
sample
[noun]

a small amount of a substance taken from a larger amount used for scientific analysis or therapeutic experiment

Ex: The lab technician collected a blood sample for analysis. 
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scan
scan
[noun]

a medical test during which data is obtained by the images produced using a sensing device that examines organs or regions of the body

Ex: The doctor ordered a scan to get a clear image of the patient's lungs. 
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screen
screen
[noun]

a systematic procedure used to detect the presence of a disease or condition in an individual or population

Ex: A blood screen showed elevated cholesterol levels. 
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colonoscopy

a medical procedure where a flexible tube with a camera is used to check the inside of the colon for health reasons

Ex: The doctor recommended a colonoscopy for me. 
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amylase test

a medical laboratory test used to measure amylase enzyme levels in blood or urine for diagnosing pancreatic conditions

Ex: The doctor ordered an amylase test to assess pancreatic function in a patient with suspected pancreatitis. 
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elastography

a medical imaging technique that assesses tissue elasticity, aiding in the identification of abnormalities without invasive procedures

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colposcopy

a medical procedure using a colposcope to examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for cervical conditions or cancer screening

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specimen
specimen
[noun]

a small amount of something such as urine, blood, etc. that is taken for examination

Ex: The nurse collected a urine specimen from the patient for laboratory analysis. 
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stool
stool
[noun]

a piece of solid waste evacuated from the bowels

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test
test
[noun]

a medical examination of the body or a part of body to detect possible health issues

Ex: The doctor scheduled a blood test to check for any infections. 
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ultrasound

the application of ultrasonic waves for medical purposes, such as producing an image of a growing fetus

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electrocardiogram

the recording or display of the electrical activity of someone's heart that is measured by an electrocardiograph

Ex: The doctor recommended an ECG to check his heart’s health. 
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X-ray
X-ray
[noun]

an image of the inside of a body created using X-rays

Ex: The doctor ordered an X-ray to check for any fractures after the patient injured their arm. 
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electromyography

a diagnostic method for assessing muscle and nerve function by recording their electrical activity

Ex: I underwent electromyography to check my muscle health. 
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fluoroscopy

real-time X-ray imaging for diagnostics and interventions

Ex: Fluoroscopy aids in visualizing internal structures during medical procedures. 
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hysteroscopy

a procedure using a thin tube to examine the uterus visually

Ex: I underwent a hysteroscopy to identify and address potential issues in my uterus. 
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myelography

a diagnostic imaging method using contrast dye to visualize spinal cord abnormalities

Ex: Healthcare professionals use myelography to visualize structures around the spine. 
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polymerase chain reaction

a laboratory technique used to amplify DNA for various applications in medical diagnostics, genetic testing, and research

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pregnancy test

a diagnostic tool that confirms if someone is pregnant by checking for a hormone called hCG

Ex: Pregnancy tests are widely available and accessible in pharmacies. 
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videonystagmography

a medical test that evaluates vestibular disorders using eye movement recordings

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vision screening

a non-invasive assessment of visual acuity and eye health to detect potential vision problems or eye disorders

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physical examination

a health assessment by a professional to evaluate the body for abnormalities

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positive
positive
[Adjective]

(of a scientific test) showing that a particular substance or condition exists

Ex: The positive result of the pregnancy test confirmed her suspicions. 
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negative
negative
[Adjective]

(of a scientific test) showing that there is no sign of a disease or a particular condition

Ex: The doctor informed her that the blood test came back negative for any signs of infection. 
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cardiac stress test

a test to assess the heart's function and performance during physical activity or stress

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stool test

a diagnostic examination that analyzes a person's fecal sample to assess digestive health and detect abnormalities or infections

Ex: Results from stool tests inform effective treatment strategies. 
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electroencephalography

a neurodiagnostic technique that records brain electrical activity using scalp electrodes to assess function and detect abnormalities

Ex: Electroencephalography monitors brain activity through electrodes on the scalp. 
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autopsy
autopsy
[noun]

an examination of a deceased person's organs to determine the cause of death

Ex: Autopsies are crucial for investigating and determining the cause of death. 
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mammogram
mammogram
[noun]

an X-ray for early detection of breast cancer and abnormalities

Ex: Mammograms are crucial for early detection of breast abnormalities. 
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mammography

an X-ray imaging technique used to screen and detect breast abnormalities, including early signs of cance

Ex: Mammography is a standard screening tool for breast health. 
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PET scan
PET scan
[noun]

a medical imaging technique that uses radioactive tracers to visualize body functions

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electroneuronography

a diagnostic test used to assess the health and function of facial nerves by measuring their electrical signals

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electronystagmography

a diagnostic test used to evaluate the health and function of nerves by measuring their electrical signals

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electrooculography

a test to measure eye muscle activity for assessing eye movement and health

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electroretinography

test to measure retinal function and detect vision abnormalities

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endoscopy
endoscopy
[noun]

a medical procedure using a flexible tube with a light and camera to examine internal organs

Ex: Endoscopy is a minimally invasive method for examining various parts of the body. 
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endoluminal capsule monitoring

a procedure using a swallowed capsule with sensors to monitor the gastrointestinal tract

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gastroscopy

a procedure using a flexible tube with a camera to examine the stomach through the mouth

Ex: Gastroscopy is commonly employed to visually assess the stomach's interior. 
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laryngoscopy

a diagnostic procedure that involves examining the larynx with a laryngoscope to assess health and function

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ophthalmoscopy

an examination of the inside of the eye using a specialized instrument called an ophthalmoscope

Ex: Ophthalmoscopy is a standard procedure for eye examinations. 
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sigmoidoscopy

a medical procedure using a thin, lighted tube to examine your lower bowel for growths or other problems

Ex: I had a sigmoidoscopy to investigate and address my lower digestive health concerns. 
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aortography

a diagnostic procedure that involves using contrast dye and X-ray imaging to assess the aorta's health and function

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cardiac ventriculography

a diagnostic procedure that uses contrast dye and imaging to assess the health and function of the heart's ventricles

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ultrasonography

a medical imaging technique that uses sound waves to create real-time images for diagnostic purposes

Ex: My annual checkup used ultrasonography to assess my liver health. 
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dynamic posturography

a balance test that measures how well someone can maintain stability during changing sensory input, used to assess vestibular function and postural control

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cytopathology

the examination and analysis of cells to diagnose diseases and detect abnormalities

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encephalography

any X-ray examination of the brain during which the cerebrospinal fluid in the brain ventricles is replaced by air or another gas that acts as a contrast medium

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tympanometry

a test to assess middle ear function by measuring eardrum movement in response to air pressure changes

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radiography

the process of obtaining images of the body's anatomy using X-rays, gamma rays, or similar ionizing radiation

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prenatal diagnosis

the medical procedures and tests during pregnancy to detect potential fetal health issues

Ex: Healthcare professionals use various tests for accurate prenatal diagnosis. 
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genetic testing

a diagnostic procedure that involves analyzing an individual's DNA to identify specific genetic mutations, variations, or abnormalities

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radiology
radiology
[noun]

a medical examination that employs imaging technologies to visualize and diagnose diseases within the body

Ex: Healthcare professionals use radiology for visualizing internal structures and detecting abnormalities. 
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palpation
palpation
[noun]

a hands-on medical examination to assess the characteristics of underlying structures in the body

Ex: Palpation is commonly used by healthcare professionals to assess tissues and organs. 
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checkup
checkup
[noun]

a complete medical examination of the body to see if there are any health issues

Ex: She scheduled her annual checkup to ensure she was in good health. 
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diffuse optical imaging

a non-invasive technique that uses near-infrared light to study functional processes in biological tissues by measuring changes in tissue absorption and scattering

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diffusion-weighted imaging

a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that measures the random motion of water molecules in tissues, providing information about the structural integrity and cellular organization of the examined tissue

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fluorescence lifetime imaging

a technique that measures the decay time of fluorescence emitted by fluorophores, providing information about molecular interactions, environmental conditions, and cellular processes in biological samples

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imaging agent

a substance used in medical imaging that enhances the visualization of specific tissues or processes, aiding in the accurate diagnosis and assessment of various medical conditions

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bioluminescence imaging

the non-invasive visualization and tracking of biological processes or events using the emission of light by living organisms or their genetically modified components

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calcium imaging

a technique that involves the detection and monitoring of changes in intracellular calcium levels in living cells or organisms, providing insights into various physiological and biochemical processes

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microscopy

a scientific technique that utilizes specialized instruments and optics to magnify and visualize objects or specimens at a microscopic level, enabling the study of detailed structures, cellular components, and biological processes

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molecular imaging

the visualization and analysis of molecular and cellular processes in living organisms for disease detection, molecular tracking, and therapeutic evaluation

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Pap test
Pap test
[noun]

a gynecological screening test to find early signs of cancer in a woman's neck of the womb

Ex: Having Pap smears regularly is a responsible step in women's healthcare. 
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ultrasound imaging

a non-invasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to generate real-time images of internal organs, tissues, and blood flow

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