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Verbs of Existence and Action - Verbs for Lack of Action

Here you will learn some English verbs referring to lack of action such as "abstain", "hesitate", and "refrain".

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Categorized English Verbs of Existence and Action
to refrain

to resist or hold back from doing or saying something

Ex: Despite the urge to argue, she will refrain from responding to the critical comments. 
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to abstain

to avoid doing something, especially something that one enjoys

Ex: They regularly abstain from consuming alcohol for personal reasons. 
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to desist
to desist
[Verb]

to stop doing something, particularly in response to a request, command, or understanding that it should be discontinued

Ex: The company was ordered to desist from any further illegal practices. 
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to forbear

to hold back from an action or behavior

Ex: Even in the midst of the serious meeting, John couldn't forbear a grin at his colleague's witty comment. 
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to back off

to no longer be involved in a task or obligation

Ex: The employee was advised to back off temporarily for health reasons. 
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to hang around

to spend time in a place, often without a specific purpose or activity

Ex: After school, the students like to hang around the playground until their parents arrive. 
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to lie around

to waste time relaxing and doing nothing

Ex: The student procrastinated on their homework, lying around in bed until the last minute. 
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to wait
to wait
[Verb]

to not leave until a person or thing is ready or present or something happens

Ex: We're patiently waiting for the rain to stop. 
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to wait around

to remain in one spot with nothing to do, expecting something to happen

Ex: We waited around for hours at the bus stop due to the delayed schedule. 
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to sit around

to spend time doing nothing or nothing productive

Ex: On weekends, I just like to sit around and watch TV. 
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to hesitate

to pause before saying or doing something because of uncertainty or nervousness

Ex: When asked about the promotion, Sarah hesitated before responding. 
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to stand by

to refrain from taking action when it is necessary

Ex: In times of crisis, it's crucial not to stand by but to offer assistance and support. 
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to hold back

to refrain from taking immediate action or speaking out, typically due to uncertainty, reluctance

Ex: They held back from making a decision until they had more information. 
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to look on

to watch an event or incident without getting involved

Ex: Passers-by simply looked on as the two men argued heatedly on the sidewalk. 
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to stand around

to spend time standing in a place without doing anything purposeful or without having a particular reason to be there

Ex: We had to stand around for an hour waiting for the bus to arrive. 
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to forgo
to forgo
[Verb]

to decide not to do or have something; to abstain from

Ex: The athlete decided to forgo participating in the upcoming competition to focus on injury recovery. 
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to hang back

to hesitate to do or say something, often due to uncertainty or shyness

Ex: He tends to hang back in social situations, observing rather than participating. 
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to loiter
to loiter
[Verb]

to stand around in a public place without an apparent or clear purpose

Ex: A group of teenagers tended to loiter near the entrance of the mall with no intention of shopping. 
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