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Slovní zásoba pro IELTS Academic (Skóre 8-9) - Psychologie

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s psychologií, která jsou nezbytná pro akademickou zkoušku IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
schizophrenia
schizophrenia
[Podstatné jméno]

a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality

schizofrenie

schizofrenie

neurosis
neurosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neuróza, neurotická porucha

neuróza, neurotická porucha

Ex: Neurosis often manifests as chronic anxiety, obsessive behaviors, or phobias that interfere with daily functioning. 
dissociation
dissociation
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychological and neurological process involving a separation or disconnection of thoughts, memories, identity, or consciousness, often as a response to trauma or stress

disociace, odpojení

disociace, odpojení

Ex: Dissociation can lead to memory gaps or amnesia, where individuals may forget significant portions of their experiences. 
cognitive behavioral therapy
cognitive behavioral therapy
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychotherapy that targets negative thoughts and behaviors to address mental health issues

kognitivně behaviorální terapie, KBT

kognitivně behaviorální terapie, KBT

Ex: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based approach that helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors. 
psyche
psyche
[Podstatné jméno]

the immaterial or nonphysical aspect of a person

duše, psychika

duše, psychika

Ex: Many cultures believe the psyche survives after death. 
psychosis
psychosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

psychóza, psychotický stav

psychóza, psychotický stav

Ex: Psychosis is a mental health condition characterized by a loss of contact with reality, often manifesting as hallucinations or delusions. 
catharsis
catharsis
[Podstatné jméno]

(psychology) the process of relieving a complex by bringing it to consciousness and directly addressing it

katarze, emocionální očista

katarze, emocionální očista

Ex: Writing in a journal can provide a sense of catharsis, allowing individuals to express and process their emotions. 
body dysmorphic disorder
body dysmorphic disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

tělesná dysmorfická porucha, dysmorfofobie

tělesná dysmorfická porucha, dysmorfofobie

Ex: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition where individuals obsess over perceived flaws in their appearance, which are often unnoticeable to others. 
obsessive-compulsive disorder

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

obsedantně-kompulzivní porucha, OCD

obsedantně-kompulzivní porucha, OCD

Ex: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) performed to alleviate anxiety. 
post-traumatic stress disorder

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

posttraumatická stresová porucha

posttraumatická stresová porucha

Ex: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after an individual experiences or witnesses a traumatic event, such as combat, a natural disaster, or a serious accident. 
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively

porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou, ADHD

porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou, ADHD

psychotic
psychotic
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who suffers from psychosis

psychotik, osoba trpící psychózou

psychotik, osoba trpící psychózou

borderline personality disorder

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

hraniční porucha osobnosti, borderline porucha osobnosti

hraniční porucha osobnosti, borderline porucha osobnosti

Ex: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition characterized by intense and unstable relationships, emotions, and self-image. 
dissociative identity disorder

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

disociativní porucha identity, mnohočetná porucha osobnosti

disociativní porucha identity, mnohočetná porucha osobnosti

Ex: Dissociative identity disorder (DID), formerly known as multiple personality disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities within a single individual. 
coping mechanism
coping mechanism
[Podstatné jméno]

a strategy or behavior used to manage or counteract challenging emotions, thoughts, or situations

mechanismus zvládání, strategie zvládání

mechanismus zvládání, strategie zvládání

Ex: Exercise can serve as a coping mechanism for managing stress, anxiety, and depression by releasing endorphins and promoting a sense of well-being. 
defense mechanism
defense mechanism
[Podstatné jméno]

an unconscious mental strategy individuals use to cope with anxiety, discomfort, or threatening emotions

obranný mechanismus, ochranný mechanismus

obranný mechanismus, ochranný mechanismus

Ex: Denial, a defense mechanism, involves refusing to accept or acknowledge the reality of a situation. 
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