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Slovní zásoba pro IELTS Academic (Skóre 8-9) - Psychology

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s psychologií, která jsou nezbytná pro zkoušku Academic IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
schizophrenia
[Podstatné jméno]

a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality

schizofrenie, schizofrenní porucha

schizofrenie, schizofrenní porucha

neurosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neurosa, neuróza

neurosa, neuróza

Ex: Symptoms neurosis can include persistent feelings of sadness , irritability , and fear , often without a clear or rational cause .
dissociation
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychological and neurological process involving a separation or disconnection of thoughts, memories, identity, or consciousness, often as a response to trauma or stress

dissociace, oddělení

dissociace, oddělení

Ex: Dissociation is a complex phenomenon that involves alterations in consciousness , perception , and self-awareness .
cognitive behavioral therapy
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychotherapy that targets negative thoughts and behaviors to address mental health issues

kognitivně behaviorální terapie, kognitivní a behaviorální terapie

kognitivně behaviorální terapie, kognitivní a behaviorální terapie

Ex: Cognitive behavioral therapy can be conducted in individual or group settings , and often includes homework assignments to practice new skills outside of sessions .
psyche
[Podstatné jméno]

the entirety of the human mind, including conscious and unconscious elements, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

psyche, duše

psyche, duše

Ex: Therapists work with individuals to explore and navigate the depths of psyche during counseling sessions .
psychosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

psychóza, psychotická porucha

psychóza, psychotická porucha

Ex: Psychosis can be a symptom of various mental health disorders , including schizophrenia , bipolar disorder , and severe depression .
catharsis
[Podstatné jméno]

(psychology) the process of relieving a complex by bringing it to consciousness and directly addressing it

katarze, katarzní proces

katarze, katarzní proces

Ex: Participating in a support group can catharsis, as sharing personal stories with others who understand can be incredibly healing .
body dysmorphic disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

tělesná dysmorfofobie, porucha tělesného vnímání

tělesná dysmorfofobie, porucha tělesného vnímání

Ex: Early diagnosis and treatment body dysmorphic disorder are essential to prevent the condition from severely impacting an individual 's quality of life and mental health .

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

obsessivně kompulzivní porucha, obsessivní porucha

obsessivně kompulzivní porucha, obsessivní porucha

Ex: Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) can help manage symptoms obsessive-compulsive disorder by altering brain chemistry to reduce obsessive thoughts and compulsions .

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

posttraumatická stresová porucha, PTSD (posttraumatická stresová porucha)

posttraumatická stresová porucha, PTSD (posttraumatická stresová porucha)

Ex: Early intervention and support are crucial for individuals post-traumatic stress disorder, as timely treatment can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life .

a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively

porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou, hyperkinetická porucha

porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou, hyperkinetická porucha

psychotic
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who suffers from psychosis

psychotik, psychotická osoba

psychotik, psychotická osoba

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

hraniční porucha osobnosti, hraniční osobnostní porucha

hraniční porucha osobnosti, hraniční osobnostní porucha

Ex: With appropriate therapy and support , individuals borderline personality disorder can learn to manage their symptoms and improve their overall quality of life .

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

dissociativní porucha osobnosti, porucha identity

dissociativní porucha osobnosti, porucha identity

Ex: dissociative identity disorder can be challenging , as individuals may struggle to maintain a cohesive sense of identity and may experience difficulties in relationships and daily functioning .
coping mechanism
[Podstatné jméno]

a strategy or behavior used to manage or counteract challenging emotions, thoughts, or situations

kopingová strategie, mechanismus zvládání

kopingová strategie, mechanismus zvládání

Ex: Avoidance can sometimes be a maladaptive coping mechanism, as individuals may use substances or distractions to temporarily escape from their problems rather than addressing them directly.
defense mechanism
[Podstatné jméno]

an unconscious mental strategy individuals use to cope with anxiety, discomfort, or threatening emotions

obranný mechanismus, obranný prostředek

obranný mechanismus, obranný prostředek

Ex: Humor can serve as defense mechanism, allowing individuals to find amusement in challenging situations to alleviate tension and anxiety .
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