Woordenschat voor IELTS Academic (Score 8-9) - Philosophy

Hier leert u enkele Engelse woorden die verband houden met filosofie en die nodig zijn voor het Academisch IELTS-examen.

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metaphysics

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts such as existence or reality

metafysica, metafysiek

Ex: Many ancient philosophers , such as Plato and Aristotle , made significant contributions to the field metaphysics.

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epistemology

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the branch of philosophy in which knowledge is studied

epistemologie, kennisleer

Ex: Her paper on education reform addressed not just policies but underlying issues in the philosophy of knowledge epistemology.

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nihilism

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a system of thought that considers life as meaningless and rejects religious beliefs, moral principles, legal rules, etc.

nihilisme, nihilism

Ex: nihilism is often associated with despair and pessimism , some philosophers view it as a liberating philosophy that frees individuals from the constraints of conventional morality and ideology .

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utilitarianism

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

utilitarisme, nuttenleer

Ex: Utilitarianism is often applied in fields such as public policy , economics , and ethics , where decisions are made with the aim of maximizing social welfare or utility .

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stoicism

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason

stoïcisme, stoïcijnse filosofie

Ex: By learning to distinguish between what is and is n't within our controlstoicism provides tools for inner peace .

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solipsism

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a philosophical concept or belief system that asserts the self as the only reality and that only the individual's mind is sure to exist

solipsisme, zelfzuchtigheid

Ex: Solipsism can lead to a sense of isolation , as the individual 's reality becomes confined to their own consciousness .

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ontology

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality

ontologie, wezenkunde

Ex: In contemporary philosophyontology intersects with other disciplines such as logic , metaphysics , and epistemology , shaping our understanding of the fundamental structure of reality .

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monism

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a philosophical theory asserting that all of reality is fundamentally unified and derived from a single substance or principle

monisme, éénheidsleer

Ex: The unity of mind and body in Spinoza 's philosophy exemplifies a form monism.

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objectivism

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a philosophy that emphasizes individual rights, reason, and laissez-faire capitalism

Objectivisme, Objectivistisch denken

Ex: Ayn Rand 's novels , such as " The Fountainhead " and " Atlas Shrugged , " dramatize the principles objectivism, illustrating her vision of heroic individualism and the creative power of the human mind .

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subjectivism

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth

subjectivisme, subjectiviteitsbeginsel

Ex: The debate between objectivism subjectivism in philosophy revolves around whether moral and epistemological claims can be grounded in objective reality or are inherently subjective .

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absurdism

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the belief that life is inherently meaningless, yet individuals can create their own meaning

absurdisme, absurdistisch denken

Ex: The works of existentialist writers , such as Camus ' " The Stranger " and Samuel Beckett 's " Waiting for Godot , " often delve into themes absurdism, highlighting the human struggle to find meaning in a meaningless world .

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teleology

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the study of purpose, design, and final causes in the natural world, exploring the idea that things have inherent goals or intentions

teleologie, doelbewustheid

Ex: The field of artificial intelligence ethics grapples with questions teleology, ethical goals , and the potential unintended consequences of AI systems .

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cogito

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the philosophy illustrating the core acknowledgment of one's existence through the act of thinking

cogito, denkactie

Ex: The cogito serves as a pivotal point in Western philosophy, providing a starting ground for Descartes' subsequent inquiries into knowledge, reality, and the nature of being.

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monad

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a fundamental, indivisible entity or substance, often associated with Leibnizian philosophy, possessing inherent characteristics and reflecting the entire universe from its unique perspective

monade, monad

Ex: Monadology , Leibniz 's philosophical treatise , explores the nature monads and their role in the harmonious pre-established order of the universe .

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pragmatism

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions

pragmatisme, praktische filosofie

Ex: The debates among philosophers regarding the merits of idealism pragmatism have deep roots in the history of philosophical thought .

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noumenon

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a philosophical term referring to the intrinsic nature of a thing, independent of human perception, in contrast to phenomena which are how things appear to human observers

noumenon, noumen

Ex: Kant 's concept noumenon has influenced debates in philosophy of mind , addressing questions about the nature of consciousness and subjective experience .

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fatalism

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the belief that events and outcomes are predetermined and inevitable, with little or no control by individuals

fatalisme, determinisme

Ex: The fatalistic viewpoint often arises in discussions about destiny, chance, and the nature of existence.

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tenet

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a fundamental belief or principle that is central to a system of thought, philosophy, or religion

grondbeginsel, principe

Ex: tenet of freedom of speech is a cornerstone of democratic societies , promoting open discourse and expression .

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Woordenschat voor IELTS Academic (Score 8-9) - Philosophy