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a branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts such as existence or reality
형이상학
a system of thought that considers life as meaningless and rejects religious beliefs, moral principles, legal rules, etc.
니힐리즘
the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people
공리주의
an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason
스토아주의
a philosophical concept or belief system that asserts the self as the only reality and that only the individual's mind is sure to exist
유아론
the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality
존재론
a philosophical theory asserting that all of reality is fundamentally unified and derived from a single substance or principle
모니즘
a philosophy that emphasizes individual rights, reason, and laissez-faire capitalism
객관주의
a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth
주관주의, 주관성
the belief that life is inherently meaningless, yet individuals can create their own meaning
부조리주의, 부조리
the study of purpose, design, and final causes in the natural world, exploring the idea that things have inherent goals or intentions
텔레올로지, 목적론
the philosophy illustrating the core acknowledgment of one's existence through the act of thinking
코기토, 사유
a fundamental, indivisible entity or substance, often associated with Leibnizian philosophy, possessing inherent characteristics and reflecting the entire universe from its unique perspective
모나드, 불가분의 실체
a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions
실용주의
a philosophical term referring to the intrinsic nature of a thing, independent of human perception, in contrast to phenomena which are how things appear to human observers
누메논, 누메노
the belief that events and outcomes are predetermined and inevitable, with little or no control by individuals
운명론
a fundamental belief or principle that is central to a system of thought, philosophy, or religion
원칙, 교리
