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IELTS Academic के लिए शब्दावली (स्कोर 8-9) - दर्शन

यहां, आप दर्शन से संबंधित कुछ अंग्रेजी शब्द सीखेंगे जो अकादमिक आईईएलटीएस परीक्षा के लिए आवश्यक हैं।

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प्रश्नोत्तरी

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
metaphysics
metaphysics
[संज्ञा]

a branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts such as existence or reality

आध्यात्मिक दर्शन, प्रथम दर्शन

आध्यात्मिक दर्शन, प्रथम दर्शन

Ex: The concept of the soul is often explored within the realm of metaphysics. 
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साइन इन
epistemology
epistemology
[संज्ञा]

the branch of philosophy that studies the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge

ज्ञानमीमांसा, ज्ञान का सिद्धांत

ज्ञानमीमांसा, ज्ञान का सिद्धांत

Ex: Epistemology asks how we can know anything with certainty. 
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साइन इन
nihilism
nihilism
[संज्ञा]

the rejection or denial of all established authority, values, and institutions

नास्तिवाद, शून्यवाद

नास्तिवाद, शून्यवाद

Ex: Political nihilism often manifests as distrust of governments. 
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साइन इन
utilitarianism
utilitarianism
[संज्ञा]

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

उपयोगितावाद, बहुमत के लाभ का सिद्धांत

उपयोगितावाद, बहुमत के लाभ का सिद्धांत

Ex: Utilitarianism holds that the morality of an action is determined by its consequences, with the greatest good for the greatest number being the guiding principle. 
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साइन इन
stoicism
stoicism
[संज्ञा]

an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason

स्टोइसिज़्म, स्टोइक दर्शन

स्टोइसिज़्म, स्टोइक दर्शन

Ex: Stoicism philosophy teaches that major life changes and loss, while painful, need not shatter one's inner strength and tranquility if one submits to fate. 
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साइन इन
solipsism
solipsism
[संज्ञा]

a philosophical concept or belief system that asserts the self as the only reality and that only the individual's mind is sure to exist

स्वपरमत्ववाद, दार्शनिक अहंकारवाद

स्वपरमत्ववाद, दार्शनिक अहंकारवाद

Ex: Solipsism suggests that the individual's own thoughts and perceptions are the only certain reality. 
बंद करें
साइन इन
ontology
ontology
[संज्ञा]

the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality

सत्तामीमांसा

सत्तामीमांसा

Ex: Ontology explores questions about what exists, how entities relate to one another, and the fundamental nature of reality. 
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साइन इन
monism
monism
[संज्ञा]

a philosophical theory asserting that all of reality is fundamentally unified and derived from a single substance or principle

एकत्ववाद, एकतत्त्ववाद

एकत्ववाद, एकतत्त्ववाद

Ex: Materialistic monism contends that everything in the universe is ultimately composed of physical matter. 
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साइन इन
objectivism
objectivism
[संज्ञा]

a philosophy that emphasizes individual rights, reason, and laissez-faire capitalism

वस्तुवाद, वस्तुवाद का दर्शन

वस्तुवाद, वस्तुवाद का दर्शन

Ex: Objectivism posits that reality exists independently of consciousness and that individuals can gain objective knowledge through reason. 
बंद करें
साइन इन
subjectivism
subjectivism
[संज्ञा]

a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth

आत्मनिष्ठवाद, आत्मनिष्ठवाद का सिद्धांत

आत्मनिष्ठवाद, आत्मनिष्ठवाद का सिद्धांत

Ex: Subjectivism asserts that truth and morality are relative to individual perspectives, rejecting the existence of universal or objective standards. 
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साइन इन
absurdism
absurdism
[संज्ञा]

the belief that life is inherently meaningless, yet individuals can create their own meaning

असंगतिवाद, बेतुकापन

असंगतिवाद, बेतुकापन

Ex: Absurdism, as articulated by philosophers like Albert Camus, holds that the search for meaning in a chaotic and indifferent universe is inherently futile. 
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साइन इन
teleology
teleology
[संज्ञा]

the study of purpose, design, and final causes in the natural world, exploring the idea that things have inherent goals or intentions

टेलियोलॉजी, उद्देश्यों का अध्ययन

टेलियोलॉजी, उद्देश्यों का अध्ययन

Ex: Evolutionary biology often explores the apparent teleology in the adaptations of living organisms, considering whether they result from intentional design. 
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साइन इन
cogito
cogito
[संज्ञा]

the philosophy illustrating the core acknowledgment of one's existence through the act of thinking

cogito, दर्शन जो सोचने के कार्य के माध्यम से किसी के अस्तित्व की मूल स्वीकृति को दर्शाता है

cogito, दर्शन जो सोचने के कार्य के माध्यम से किसी के अस्तित्व की मूल स्वीकृति को दर्शाता है

Ex: René Descartes famously encapsulated the essence of cogito in the phrase "Cogito, ergo sum," meaning "I think, therefore I am." 
बंद करें
साइन इन
monad
monad
[संज्ञा]

a fundamental, indivisible entity or substance, often associated with Leibnizian philosophy, possessing inherent characteristics and reflecting the entire universe from its unique perspective

मोनाड, अविभाज्य इकाई

मोनाड, अविभाज्य इकाई

Ex: In Leibniz's philosophy, monads are considered the ultimate building blocks of reality, each expressing a unique perspective on the entire universe. 
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साइन इन
pragmatism
pragmatism
[संज्ञा]

a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions

व्यावहारिकता, व्यावहारिक दर्शन

व्यावहारिकता, व्यावहारिक दर्शन

Ex: Philosophical pragmatism, as advocated by thinkers like William James, emphasizes the practical consequences of ideas and beliefs rather than their abstract or theoretical foundations. 
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साइन इन
noumenon
noumenon
[संज्ञा]

a philosophical term referring to the intrinsic nature of a thing, independent of human perception, in contrast to phenomena which are how things appear to human observers

नूमेनॉन, वस्तु स्वरूप

नूमेनॉन, वस्तु स्वरूप

Ex: The concept of noumenon underscores the idea that our knowledge is constrained to the realm of appearances. 
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साइन इन
fatalism
fatalism
[संज्ञा]

the philosophical doctrine that all events are predetermined and humans cannot change them

भाग्यवाद, नियतिवाद

भाग्यवाद, नियतिवाद

Ex: Ancient Stoics embraced fatalism, believing the course of life was fixed. 
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साइन इन
tenet
tenet
[संज्ञा]

a fundamental belief or principle that is central to a system of thought, philosophy, or religion

सिद्धांत, मत

सिद्धांत, मत

Ex: The tenet of democracy underscores the importance of representative governance and individual freedoms. 
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साइन इन
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