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Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 8-9) - Philosophy

Aquí aprenderá algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la filosofía que son necesarias para el examen IELTS académico.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
metaphysics
[Sustantivo]

a branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts such as existence or reality

metafísica

metafísica

Ex: Many ancient philosophers , such as Plato and Aristotle , made significant contributions to the field metaphysics.
epistemology
[Sustantivo]

the branch of philosophy in which knowledge is studied

epistemología

epistemología

Ex: Her paper on education reform addressed not just policies but underlying issues in the philosophy of knowledge epistemology.
nihilism
[Sustantivo]

a system of thought that considers life as meaningless and rejects religious beliefs, moral principles, legal rules, etc.

nihilismo

nihilismo

Ex: nihilism is often associated with despair and pessimism , some philosophers view it as a liberating philosophy that frees individuals from the constraints of conventional morality and ideology .
utilitarianism
[Sustantivo]

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

utilitarismo

utilitarismo

Ex: Utilitarianism is often applied in fields such as public policy , economics , and ethics , where decisions are made with the aim of maximizing social welfare or utility .
stoicism
[Sustantivo]

an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason

estoicismo

estoicismo

Ex: By learning to distinguish between what is and is n't within our controlstoicism provides tools for inner peace .
solipsism
[Sustantivo]

a philosophical concept or belief system that asserts the self as the only reality and that only the individual's mind is sure to exist

solipsismo, solipsista

solipsismo, solipsista

Ex: Solipsism can lead to a sense of isolation , as the individual 's reality becomes confined to their own consciousness .
ontology
[Sustantivo]

the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality

ontología

ontología

Ex: In contemporary philosophyontology intersects with other disciplines such as logic , metaphysics , and epistemology , shaping our understanding of the fundamental structure of reality .
monism
[Sustantivo]

a philosophical theory asserting that all of reality is fundamentally unified and derived from a single substance or principle

monismo, monismo filosófico

monismo, monismo filosófico

Ex: The unity of mind and body in Spinoza 's philosophy exemplifies a form monism.
objectivism
[Sustantivo]

a philosophy that emphasizes individual rights, reason, and laissez-faire capitalism

objetivismo, filosofía objetivista

objetivismo, filosofía objetivista

Ex: Ayn Rand 's novels , such as " The Fountainhead " and " Atlas Shrugged , " dramatize the principles objectivism, illustrating her vision of heroic individualism and the creative power of the human mind .
subjectivism
[Sustantivo]

a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth

subjetivismo

subjetivismo

Ex: The debate between objectivism subjectivism in philosophy revolves around whether moral and epistemological claims can be grounded in objective reality or are inherently subjective .
absurdism
[Sustantivo]

the belief that life is inherently meaningless, yet individuals can create their own meaning

absurdismo, absurdidad

absurdismo, absurdidad

Ex: The works of existentialist writers , such as Camus ' " The Stranger " and Samuel Beckett 's " Waiting for Godot , " often delve into themes absurdism, highlighting the human struggle to find meaning in a meaningless world .
teleology
[Sustantivo]

the study of purpose, design, and final causes in the natural world, exploring the idea that things have inherent goals or intentions

teleología, teleologismo

teleología, teleologismo

Ex: The field of artificial intelligence ethics grapples with questions teleology, ethical goals , and the potential unintended consequences of AI systems .
cogito
[Sustantivo]

the philosophy illustrating the core acknowledgment of one's existence through the act of thinking

cogito, pensamiento

cogito, pensamiento

Ex: The cogito serves as a pivotal point in Western philosophy, providing a starting ground for Descartes' subsequent inquiries into knowledge, reality, and the nature of being.
monad
[Sustantivo]

a fundamental, indivisible entity or substance, often associated with Leibnizian philosophy, possessing inherent characteristics and reflecting the entire universe from its unique perspective

mónada, monada

mónada, monada

Ex: Monadology , Leibniz 's philosophical treatise , explores the nature monads and their role in the harmonious pre-established order of the universe .
pragmatism
[Sustantivo]

a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions

pragmatismo

pragmatismo

Ex: The debates among philosophers regarding the merits of idealism pragmatism have deep roots in the history of philosophical thought .
noumenon
[Sustantivo]

a philosophical term referring to the intrinsic nature of a thing, independent of human perception, in contrast to phenomena which are how things appear to human observers

noumeno, noumenon

noumeno, noumenon

Ex: Kant 's concept noumenon has influenced debates in philosophy of mind , addressing questions about the nature of consciousness and subjective experience .
fatalism
[Sustantivo]

the belief that events and outcomes are predetermined and inevitable, with little or no control by individuals

fatalismo, determinismo

fatalismo, determinismo

Ex: The fatalistic viewpoint often arises in discussions about destiny, chance, and the nature of existence.
tenet
[Sustantivo]

a fundamental belief or principle that is central to a system of thought, philosophy, or religion

principio

principio

Ex: tenet of freedom of speech is a cornerstone of democratic societies , promoting open discourse and expression .
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