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Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 8-9) - Philosophy

Aquí, aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la Filosofía que son necesarias para el examen académico IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
metaphysics
metaphysics
[Sustantivo]

a branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts such as existence or reality

metafísica

metafísica

Ex: The concept of the soul is often explored within the realm of metaphysics. 
epistemology
epistemology
[Sustantivo]

the branch of philosophy that studies the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge

epistemología

epistemología

Ex: Epistemology asks how we can know anything with certainty. 
nihilism
nihilism
[Sustantivo]

the rejection or denial of all established authority, values, and institutions

nihilismo

nihilismo

Ex: Political nihilism often manifests as distrust of governments. 
utilitarianism
utilitarianism
[Sustantivo]

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

utilitarismo

utilitarismo

Ex: Utilitarianism holds that the morality of an action is determined by its consequences, with the greatest good for the greatest number being the guiding principle. 
stoicism
stoicism
[Sustantivo]

an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason

estoicismo

estoicismo

Ex: Stoicism philosophy teaches that major life changes and loss, while painful, need not shatter one's inner strength and tranquility if one submits to fate. 
solipsism
solipsism
[Sustantivo]

a philosophical concept or belief system that asserts the self as the only reality and that only the individual's mind is sure to exist

solipsismo, egocentrismo filosófico

solipsismo, egocentrismo filosófico

Ex: Solipsism suggests that the individual's own thoughts and perceptions are the only certain reality. 
ontology
ontology
[Sustantivo]

the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality

ontología

ontología

Ex: Ontology explores questions about what exists, how entities relate to one another, and the fundamental nature of reality. 
monism
monism
[Sustantivo]

a philosophical theory asserting that all of reality is fundamentally unified and derived from a single substance or principle

monismo, teoría monista

monismo, teoría monista

Ex: Materialistic monism contends that everything in the universe is ultimately composed of physical matter. 
objectivism
objectivism
[Sustantivo]

a philosophy that emphasizes individual rights, reason, and laissez-faire capitalism

objetivismo, filosofía del objetivismo

objetivismo, filosofía del objetivismo

Ex: Objectivism posits that reality exists independently of consciousness and that individuals can gain objective knowledge through reason. 
subjectivism
subjectivism
[Sustantivo]

a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth

subjetivismo

subjetivismo

Ex: Subjectivism asserts that truth and morality are relative to individual perspectives, rejecting the existence of universal or objective standards. 
absurdism
absurdism
[Sustantivo]

the belief that life is inherently meaningless, yet individuals can create their own meaning

absurdismo, el absurdo

absurdismo, el absurdo

Ex: Absurdism, as articulated by philosophers like Albert Camus, holds that the search for meaning in a chaotic and indifferent universe is inherently futile. 
teleology
teleology
[Sustantivo]

the study of purpose, design, and final causes in the natural world, exploring the idea that things have inherent goals or intentions

teleología, el estudio de los propósitos

teleología, el estudio de los propósitos

Ex: Evolutionary biology often explores the apparent teleology in the adaptations of living organisms, considering whether they result from intentional design. 
cogito
cogito
[Sustantivo]

the philosophy illustrating the core acknowledgment of one's existence through the act of thinking

cogito, la filosofía que ilustra el reconocimiento central de la existencia propia a través del acto de pensar

cogito, la filosofía que ilustra el reconocimiento central de la existencia propia a través del acto de pensar

Ex: René Descartes famously encapsulated the essence of cogito in the phrase "Cogito, ergo sum," meaning "I think, therefore I am." 
monad
monad
[Sustantivo]

a fundamental, indivisible entity or substance, often associated with Leibnizian philosophy, possessing inherent characteristics and reflecting the entire universe from its unique perspective

mónada, entidad indivisible

mónada, entidad indivisible

Ex: In Leibniz's philosophy, monads are considered the ultimate building blocks of reality, each expressing a unique perspective on the entire universe. 
pragmatism
pragmatism
[Sustantivo]

a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions

pragmatismo

pragmatismo

Ex: Philosophical pragmatism, as advocated by thinkers like William James, emphasizes the practical consequences of ideas and beliefs rather than their abstract or theoretical foundations. 
noumenon
noumenon
[Sustantivo]

a philosophical term referring to the intrinsic nature of a thing, independent of human perception, in contrast to phenomena which are how things appear to human observers

noúmeno, cosa en sí

noúmeno, cosa en sí

Ex: The concept of noumenon underscores the idea that our knowledge is constrained to the realm of appearances. 
fatalism
fatalism
[Sustantivo]

the philosophical doctrine that all events are predetermined and humans cannot change them

fatalismo, determinismo fatalista

fatalismo, determinismo fatalista

Ex: Ancient Stoics embraced fatalism, believing the course of life was fixed. 
tenet
tenet
[Sustantivo]

a fundamental belief or principle that is central to a system of thought, philosophy, or religion

principio

principio

Ex: The tenet of democracy underscores the importance of representative governance and individual freedoms. 
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