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Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 8-9) - Philosophy

Aquí, aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la Filosofía que son necesarias para el examen académico IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
metaphysics
[Sustantivo]

a branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts such as existence or reality

metafísica

metafísica

Ex: Many ancient philosophers , such as Plato and Aristotle , made significant contributions to the field of metaphysics.Muchos filósofos antiguos, como Platón y Aristóteles, hicieron contribuciones significativas al campo de la **metafísica**.
epistemology
[Sustantivo]

the branch of philosophy in which knowledge is studied

epistemología

epistemología

Ex: Her paper on education reform addressed not just policies but underlying issues in the philosophy of knowledge and epistemology.Su artículo sobre la reforma educativa abordó no solo las políticas sino también los problemas subyacentes en la filosofía del conocimiento y la **epistemología**.
nihilism
[Sustantivo]

a system of thought that considers life as meaningless and rejects religious beliefs, moral principles, legal rules, etc.

nihilismo

nihilismo

Ex: While nihilism is often associated with despair and pessimism , some philosophers view it as a liberating philosophy that frees individuals from the constraints of conventional morality and ideology .Aunque el **nihilismo** a menudo se asocia con la desesperación y el pesimismo, algunos filósofos lo ven como una filosofía liberadora que libera a los individuos de las restricciones de la moralidad y la ideología convencionales.
utilitarianism
[Sustantivo]

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

utilitarismo

utilitarismo

Ex: Utilitarianism is often applied in fields such as public policy , economics , and ethics , where decisions are made with the aim of maximizing social welfare or utility .El **utilitarismo** se aplica a menudo en campos como las políticas públicas, la economía y la ética, donde las decisiones se toman con el objetivo de maximizar el bienestar social o la utilidad.
stoicism
[Sustantivo]

an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason

estoicismo

estoicismo

Ex: By learning to distinguish between what is and is n't within our control , stoicism provides tools for inner peace .Al aprender a distinguir entre lo que está y no está bajo nuestro control, el **estoicismo** proporciona herramientas para la paz interior.
solipsism
[Sustantivo]

a philosophical concept or belief system that asserts the self as the only reality and that only the individual's mind is sure to exist

solipsismo, egocentrismo filosófico

solipsismo, egocentrismo filosófico

Ex: Solipsism can lead to a sense of isolation , as the individual 's reality becomes confined to their own consciousness .El **solipsismo** puede llevar a un sentimiento de aislamiento, ya que la realidad del individuo se confina a su propia conciencia.
ontology
[Sustantivo]

the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality

ontología

ontología

Ex: In contemporary philosophy , ontology intersects with other disciplines such as logic , metaphysics , and epistemology , shaping our understanding of the fundamental structure of reality .En la filosofía contemporánea, la **ontología** se intersecta con otras disciplinas como la lógica, la metafísica y la epistemología, moldeando nuestra comprensión de la estructura fundamental de la realidad.
monism
[Sustantivo]

a philosophical theory asserting that all of reality is fundamentally unified and derived from a single substance or principle

monismo, teoría monista

monismo, teoría monista

Ex: The unity of mind and body in Spinoza 's philosophy exemplifies a form of monism.La unidad de la mente y el cuerpo en la filosofía de Spinoza ejemplifica una forma de **monismo**.
objectivism
[Sustantivo]

a philosophy that emphasizes individual rights, reason, and laissez-faire capitalism

objetivismo, filosofía del objetivismo

objetivismo, filosofía del objetivismo

Ex: Ayn Rand 's novels , such as " The Fountainhead " and " Atlas Shrugged , " dramatize the principles of objectivism, illustrating her vision of heroic individualism and the creative power of the human mind .Las novelas de Ayn Rand, como "El manantial" y "La rebelión de Atlas", dramatizan los principios del **objetivismo**, ilustrando su visión del individualismo heroico y el poder creativo de la mente humana.
subjectivism
[Sustantivo]

a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth

subjetivismo

subjetivismo

Ex: The debate between objectivism and subjectivism in philosophy revolves around whether moral and epistemological claims can be grounded in objective reality or are inherently subjective .El debate entre el objetivismo y el **subjetivismo** en filosofía gira en torno a si las afirmaciones morales y epistemológicas pueden basarse en una realidad objetiva o son inherentemente subjetivas.
absurdism
[Sustantivo]

the belief that life is inherently meaningless, yet individuals can create their own meaning

absurdismo, el absurdo

absurdismo, el absurdo

Ex: The works of existentialist writers , such as Camus ' " The Stranger " and Samuel Beckett 's " Waiting for Godot , " often delve into themes of absurdism, highlighting the human struggle to find meaning in a meaningless world .Las obras de los escritores existencialistas, como "El extranjero" de Camus y "Esperando a Godot" de Samuel Beckett, a menudo profundizan en temas del **absurdismo**, destacando la lucha humana por encontrar significado en un mundo sin sentido.
teleology
[Sustantivo]

the study of purpose, design, and final causes in the natural world, exploring the idea that things have inherent goals or intentions

teleología, el estudio de los propósitos

teleología, el estudio de los propósitos

Ex: The field of artificial intelligence ethics grapples with questions related to teleology, ethical goals , and the potential unintended consequences of AI systems .El campo de la ética de la inteligencia artificial aborda cuestiones relacionadas con la **teleología**, los objetivos éticos y las posibles consecuencias no deseadas de los sistemas de IA.
cogito
[Sustantivo]

the philosophy illustrating the core acknowledgment of one's existence through the act of thinking

cogito, la filosofía que ilustra el reconocimiento central de la existencia propia a través del acto de pensar

cogito, la filosofía que ilustra el reconocimiento central de la existencia propia a través del acto de pensar

Ex: The cogito serves as a pivotal point in Western philosophy , providing a starting ground for Descartes ' subsequent inquiries into knowledge , reality , and the nature of being .El **cogito** sirve como un punto pivotal en la filosofía occidental, proporcionando un punto de partida para las investigaciones posteriores de Descartes sobre el conocimiento, la realidad y la naturaleza del ser.
monad
[Sustantivo]

a fundamental, indivisible entity or substance, often associated with Leibnizian philosophy, possessing inherent characteristics and reflecting the entire universe from its unique perspective

mónada, entidad indivisible

mónada, entidad indivisible

Ex: Monadology , Leibniz 's philosophical treatise , explores the nature of monads and their role in the harmonious pre-established order of the universe .La **Monadología**, tratado filosófico de Leibniz, explora la naturaleza de las **mónadas** y su papel en el orden armonioso preestablecido del universo.
pragmatism
[Sustantivo]

a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions

pragmatismo

pragmatismo

Ex: The debates among philosophers regarding the merits of idealism versus pragmatism have deep roots in the history of philosophical thought .Los debates entre los filósofos sobre los méritos del idealismo frente al **pragmatismo** tienen raíces profundas en la historia del pensamiento filosófico.
noumenon
[Sustantivo]

a philosophical term referring to the intrinsic nature of a thing, independent of human perception, in contrast to phenomena which are how things appear to human observers

noúmeno, cosa en sí

noúmeno, cosa en sí

Ex: Kant 's concept of noumenon has influenced debates in philosophy of mind , addressing questions about the nature of consciousness and subjective experience .El concepto de **noúmeno** de Kant ha influido en los debates en la filosofía de la mente, abordando preguntas sobre la naturaleza de la conciencia y la experiencia subjetiva.
fatalism
[Sustantivo]

the belief that events and outcomes are predetermined and inevitable, with little or no control by individuals

fatalismo, creencia en el destino

fatalismo, creencia en el destino

Ex: The fatalistic viewpoint often arises in discussions about destiny, chance, and the nature of existence.El punto de vista **fatalista** a menudo surge en discusiones sobre el destino, el azar y la naturaleza de la existencia.
tenet
[Sustantivo]

a fundamental belief or principle that is central to a system of thought, philosophy, or religion

principio

principio

Ex: The tenet of freedom of speech is a cornerstone of democratic societies , promoting open discourse and expression .El **principio** de la libertad de expresión es una piedra angular de las sociedades democráticas, promoviendo el discurso y la expresión abiertos.
Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 8-9)
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