C1 Level Wordlist - Language Components

Here you will learn some English words about language components, such as "infinitive", "gerund", "number", etc. prepared for C1 learners.

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linguistic [adjective]

related to the science of language, including its structure, usage, and evolution

Ex: The study examined linguistic patterns in regional dialects .

infinitive [noun]

(grammar) the root form of a verb

Ex: The infinitive can function as a noun , adjective , or adverb in a sentence .

gerund [noun]

(grammar) a form of a verb that functions as a noun and is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the base form of the verb

Ex: Gerunds can serve as subjects , objects , or complements in a sentence .

transitive verb [noun]

(grammar) a verb that needs a direct object

Ex: In the sentence " She ate an apple , " " ate " is the transitive verb , and " an apple " is the direct object .

intransitive verb [noun]

(grammar) a verb without a direct object

Ex: In the sentence " He sleeps , " " sleeps " is an intransitive verb because it does not require a direct object .

number [noun]

(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to

Ex: The number of students in the classroom determines whether the teacher uses singular or plural pronouns when addressing them .

person [noun]

(grammar) each of the three classes of pronouns that refers to who is speaking, who is being spoken to, or others that are not present during the conversation

Ex:

voice [noun]

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

Ex:

gender [noun]

(grammar) a class of words indicating whether they are feminine, masculine, or neuter

Ex: English does not have grammatical gender in the same way as many other languages , although pronouns like ' he , ' ' she , ' and ' it ' can indicate natural gender .

feminine [adjective]

(of a language's grammar) referring to females

Ex: Gendered languages often assign feminine gender to nouns denoting female beings , such as ' la mujer ' ( the woman ) or ' la gata ' ( the cat , feminine gender ) .

masculine [adjective]

(of a language's grammar) referring to males

Ex: Gendered languages often assign masculine gender to nouns denoting male beings , such as ' el hombre ' ( the man ) or ' el perro ' ( the dog , masculine gender ) .

subjunctive [adjective]

(grammar) related to verbs that express wishes, possibility, or doubt

Ex:

phonetics [noun]

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

Ex:

intonation [noun]

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

Ex: In some languages , intonation can change the meaning of a word or phrase , as in Mandarin Chinese , where different intonation patterns distinguish between words with the same phonetic sounds .

dialect [noun]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

Ex:

proverb [noun]

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

Ex: One common proverb in English is ' Do n't count your chickens before they hatch , ' which means you should n't assume success until it actually happens .

idiom [noun]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

Ex: The phrase ' spill the beans ' is an idiom that means to reveal a secret , rather than literally causing beans to fall .

jargon [noun]

words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others

Ex: In the tech industry , jargon like ' API , ' ' frontend , ' and ' backend ' is commonly used among developers but may be unclear to those without technical knowledge .

slang [noun]

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

Ex: Internet slang such as ' LOL ' ( laugh out loud ) and ' BRB ' ( be right back ) has become widely recognized and used in online communication .

euphemism [noun]

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

Ex: The phrase ' passed away ' is a common euphemism for ' died , ' used to soften the harsh reality of death .

to punctuate [verb]

to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

Ex: To avoid run-on sentences , you should punctuate with periods , commas , and semicolons where appropriate .

colon [noun]

the punctuation mark : used to introduce a quotation, explanation, or list of items

Ex: To correctly format the citation , use a colon to introduce the quotation : ' To be , or not to be , that is the question . '

semicolon [noun]

the punctuation mark ; used to separate the items in a list or to indicate a pause between two main clauses in a compound sentence

Ex: When writing academic papers , a semicolon is often used to link ideas that are related but could stand as separate sentences .

parenthesis [noun]

either of the symbols ( ) used in writing to enclose extra information that is given or to group a symbolic unit in logic or mathematics

Ex: She included a joke in parenthesis at the end of her email ( just to lighten the mood ) .

hyphen [noun]

a small line used to connect words or parts of words

Ex: When writing out fractions , a hyphen is often used to separate the numerator from the denominator , as in ' three-fourths .

slash [noun]

the symbol / used in print or writing to indicate alternatives or fractions, etc.

Ex: In the abbreviation " and/or , " the slash indicates that either " and " or " or " can be used .

interjection [noun]

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

Ex: The linguist discussed the various functions of interjection in language .

particle [noun]

(grammar) an adverb or preposition that is used with a verb to form a phrasal verb

Ex: Students were asked to identify the particle in each phrasal verb given in the exercise .

e.g. [adverb]

used before providing an example

Ex: The company offers various employee benefits , e.g. , health insurance , retirement plans , and paid time off .

ungrammatical [adjective]

not conforming with the rules of grammar

Ex: Students were asked to identify and correct any ungrammatical sentences in their essays .

C1 Level Wordlist
Animals	Appearance	Digital Communication	Movies
Foods and Ingredients	Advice and Suggestion	The Human Anatomy	Buildings and Construction
Human Attributes	Time	Fundamental Verbs	Shapes and Colors
Computer Science	Bonds and Relationships	Fashion and Attire	Writing and Narrative
Language Components	News and Network	Weather Conditions	Shopping
Education	Integral Verbs	Business and Management	Achievement and Progress
Agreement and Disagreement	Personal Traits	Music	Law and Order
The Environment	Sickness	Struggles and Setbacks	Politics
Essential Verbs	Feelings	Science	Transportation
Stationery and Office Supplies	Working Life	Dialogue and Discourse	Hobbies and Activities
Identity and Society	Religion	Dishes and Dinning	Vital Verbs
Adjectives	Permission or Obligation	Job Titles	Scholarly Research
Geography	Cooking	Military	Persuasion and Discourse
Plants and Vegetation	Art	Crucial Verbs	Trust and Uncertainty
Health	Decisions and Accountability	Risks	Money and Finance
Changes and Impacts	Astronomy	Law and Criminality	Mathematics
Adverbs	Travel	History and Artifacts