C1 Level Wordlist - Language Components

Here you will learn some English words about language components, such as "infinitive", "gerund", "number", etc. prepared for C1 learners.

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linguistic

[Adjective]

related to the science of language, including its structure, usage, and evolution

Ex: Linguistic barriers can make communication in multicultural teams challenging .

infinitive

[noun]

(grammar) the root form of a verb

Ex: Infinitives are versatile and can be used in various grammatical constructions to express different meanings and functions .

gerund

[noun]

(grammar) a form of a verb that functions as a noun and is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the base form of the verb

Ex: Gerunds are used to express actions or activities in a general or abstract sense , rather than as specific instances of action .

transitive verb

[noun]

(grammar) a verb that needs a direct object

Ex: Transitive verbs often answer the question "what" or "whom" after the action verb.

intransitive verb

[noun]

(grammar) a verb without a direct object

Ex: The child giggled uncontrollably , the innocence of laughter exemplifying the joy that an intransitive verb can bring without needing an object .

number

[noun]

(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to

Ex: In languages like Spanish and French , nouns have gender as well as number, requiring agreement with adjectives and articles in both aspects .

person

[noun]

(grammar) each of the three classes of pronouns that refers to who is speaking, who is being spoken to, or others that are not present during the conversation

Ex: The use of first, second, and third person in writing can greatly affect the tone and perspective of a piece, influencing how readers perceive the narrator's relationship to the story and characters.

voice

[noun]

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

Ex: Understanding when to use active or passive voice is an important aspect of writing effectively and communicating ideas clearly in English grammar.

gender

[noun]

(grammar) a class of words indicating whether they are feminine, masculine, or neuter

Ex: In linguistics , gender is a grammatical category that plays a role in agreement between nouns , pronouns , adjectives , and articles within a sentence .

feminine

[Adjective]

(of a language's grammar) referring to females

Ex: Understanding the feminine gender in a language is essential for proper agreement and communication , ensuring grammatical correctness in speech and writing .

masculine

[Adjective]

(of a language's grammar) referring to males

Ex: Understanding the masculine gender in a language is essential for proper agreement and communication, ensuring grammatical correctness in speech and writing.

subjunctive

[Adjective]

(grammar) related to verbs that express wishes, possibility, or doubt

Ex: In English, the subjunctive mood is less common than in other languages but can still be found in expressions like 'God save the Queen' or 'Long live the king.

phonetics

[noun]

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

Ex: Phonetics plays a crucial role in language learning and teaching , helping learners to accurately pronounce and recognize the sounds of a foreign language .

intonation

[noun]

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

Ex: Intonation is an important aspect of spoken language that helps listeners interpret the speaker 's attitude , mood , and intention , contributing to effective communication .

dialect

[noun]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

Ex: Linguists study dialects to better understand language variation and change , as well as the social and cultural factors that shape linguistic diversity .

proverb

[noun]

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

Ex: Many cultures have a version of the proverb ' The early bird catches the worm , ' which highlights the benefits of being proactive and starting tasks early .

idiom

[noun]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

Ex: The idiom ' piece of cake ' refers to something that is very easy to do , which has nothing to do with an actual piece of dessert .

jargon

[noun]

words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others

Ex: Military jargon includes phrases like 'AWOL,' 'RECON,' and 'FOB,' which are part of the everyday language for service members but might be puzzling to civilians.

slang

[noun]

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

Ex: The slang term 'cop' is commonly used to refer to a police officer, originating from the verb 'to cop,' meaning to capture or arrest.

euphemism

[noun]

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

Ex: In polite conversation , people might use the euphemism ' restroom ' or ' bathroom ' instead of ' toilet ' to refer to a place where one can relieve themselves .

to punctuate

[Verb]

to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

Ex: Learning how to punctuate complex sentences with colons and dashes can greatly improve your writing style and clarity .

colon

[noun]

the punctuation mark : used to introduce a quotation, explanation, or list of items

Ex: When writing a formal letter , use a colon after the salutation : ' Dear Hiring Manager : I am writing to apply for the position . '

semicolon

[noun]

the punctuation mark ; used to separate the items in a list or to indicate a pause between two main clauses in a compound sentence

Ex: The semicolon is a versatile punctuation mark : it can link independent clauses and organize detailed lists .

parenthesis

[noun]

either of the symbols ( ) used in writing to enclose extra information that is given or to group a symbolic unit in logic or mathematics

Ex: The sentence was interrupted by a thought in parenthesis ( a common occurrence in informal writing ) .

hyphen

[noun]

a small line used to connect words or parts of words

Ex: She carefully placed a hyphen between the syllables of the word ' co-operate ' to show that it is pronounced as two separate units .

slash

[noun]

the symbol / used in print or writing to indicate alternatives or fractions, etc.

Ex: The phrase " his / her " uses a slash to indicate either a male or female gender pronoun .

interjection

[noun]

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

Ex: During the debate , the speaker highlighted the importance of interjection in conveying emotions in speech .

particle

[noun]

(grammar) an adverb or preposition that is used with a verb to form a phrasal verb

Ex: Understanding the role of particles in phrasal verbs is essential for mastering English grammar .

e.g.

[Adverb]

used before providing an example

Ex: Many animals are endangered due to habitat destruction , e.g., loss of forests , pollution , and urbanization .

ungrammatical

[Adjective]

not conforming with the rules of grammar

Ex: Some dialects may allow constructions that are considered ungrammatical in formal written English .

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C1 Level Wordlist - Language Components