C1 Level Wordlist - Language Components

Here you will learn some English words about language components, such as "infinitive", "gerund", "number", etc. prepared for C1 learners.

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linguistic

[Adjective]

related to the science of language, including its structure, usage, and evolution

Ex: Linguistic research explores the intricacies of language acquisition, syntax, and phonetics.

infinitive

[noun]

(grammar) the root form of a verb

Ex: In English grammar, the infinitive is the base form of a verb, typically preceded by "to."

gerund

[noun]

(grammar) a form of a verb that functions as a noun and is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the base form of the verb

Ex: A gerund is a verb form that functions as a noun, ending in "-ing."

transitive verb

[noun]

(grammar) a verb that needs a direct object

Ex: A transitive verb is a verb that requires a direct object to complete its meaning.

intransitive verb

[noun]

(grammar) a verb without a direct object

Ex: An intransitive verb is a verb that does not require a direct object to complete its meaning.

number

[noun]

(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to

Ex: In English grammar, the number of a noun or pronoun indicates whether it is singular or plural, affecting the form of verbs and pronouns in a sentence.

person

[noun]

(grammar) each of the three classes of pronouns that refers to who is speaking, who is being spoken to, or others that are not present during the conversation

Ex: In English grammar, the concept of person refers to the perspective from which a speaker or writer refers to themselves, the person they are addressing, or others not present in the conversation.

voice

[noun]

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

Ex: Active voice, on the other hand, is used when the subject of a sentence performs the action expressed by the verb.

gender

[noun]

(grammar) a class of words indicating whether they are feminine, masculine, or neuter

Ex: In many languages, such as Spanish and French, nouns are assigned a gender—either masculine or feminine—regardless of the actual gender of the object they represent.

feminine

[Adjective]

(of a language's grammar) referring to females

Ex: In languages with grammatical gender, such as Spanish or French, nouns like ' la casa' (the house) or 'la table' (the table) are classified as feminine.

masculine

[Adjective]

(of a language's grammar) referring to males

Ex: In languages with grammatical gender, such as Spanish or French, nouns like ' el libro' (the book) or 'le garçon' (the boy) are classified as masculine.

subjunctive

[Adjective]

(grammar) related to verbs that express wishes, possibility, or doubt

Ex: The subjunctive mood often appears in clauses introduced by certain conjunctions, such as 'if,' 'whether,' 'lest,' or 'that.

phonetics

[noun]

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

Ex: Phonetics is the branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of human speech, including their production, transmission, and reception.

intonation

[noun]

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

Ex: In phonetics, intonation refers to the pattern of rising and falling pitch in speech, which conveys meaning, emotion, and emphasis.

dialect

[noun]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

Ex: A dialect is a variety of a language spoken by a particular group of people, characterized by unique vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.

proverb

[noun]

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

Ex: A well-known proverb states, 'Actions speak louder than words,' emphasizing the importance of deeds over promises.

idiom

[noun]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

Ex: The idiom 'kick the bucket' means to die, and its meaning is quite different from the literal interpretation of kicking a bucket.

jargon

[noun]

words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others

Ex: Medical professionals often use jargon such as 'stat,' 'BP,' and 'code blue,' which can be confusing to those outside the healthcare field.

slang

[noun]

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

Ex: Teenagers often use slang like 'lit' to describe something that is exciting or excellent, which may not be easily understood by older generations.

euphemism

[noun]

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

Ex: "Between jobs" is a euphemism for being unemployed.

to punctuate

[Verb]

to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

Ex: When you write an essay, it is important to punctuate your sentences correctly to ensure that your ideas are clearly communicated.

colon

[noun]

the punctuation mark : used to introduce a quotation, explanation, or list of items

Ex: In English grammar, a colon is used to introduce a list of items: apples, oranges, bananas, and grapes.

semicolon

[noun]

the punctuation mark ; used to separate the items in a list or to indicate a pause between two main clauses in a compound sentence

Ex: To connect closely related independent clauses, you can use a semicolon; it's a great way to show the relationship between the two sentences.

parenthesis

[noun]

either of the symbols ( ) used in writing to enclose extra information that is given or to group a symbolic unit in logic or mathematics

Ex: In mathematics, a parenthesis is used to group numbers or operations together, as in (3 + 5) × 2.

hyphen

[noun]

a small line used to connect words or parts of words

Ex: In compound words like 'mother-in-law' and 'self-esteem,' a hyphen is used to connect the different parts of the word.

slash

[noun]

the symbol / used in print or writing to indicate alternatives or fractions, etc.

Ex: In the sentence, "Please bring a pencil/pen to the exam," the slash indicates a choice between two items.

interjection

[noun]

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

Ex: The teacher explained the concept of interjection during grammar class.

particle

[noun]

(grammar) an adverb or preposition that is used with a verb to form a phrasal verb

Ex: In the phrasal verb 'look up,' 'up' is a particle that changes the meaning of the verb 'look.'

e.g.

[Adverb]

used before providing an example

Ex: I have many hobbies, e.g., hiking, painting, and cooking.

ungrammatical

[Adjective]

not conforming with the rules of grammar

Ex: The sentence 'He don't likes broccoli' is ungrammatical because 'don't' is not used with 'likes' in standard English.

C1 Level Wordlist
Animals	Appearance	Digital Communication	Movies
Foods and Ingredients	Advice and Suggestion	The Human Anatomy	Buildings and Construction
Human Attributes	Time	Fundamental Verbs	Shapes and Colors
Computer Science	Bonds and Relationships	Fashion and Attire	Writing and Narrative
Language Components	News and Network	Weather Conditions	Shopping

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