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Listă de Cuvinte Nivel C1 - Componentele Limbii

Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză despre componentele limbii, cum ar fi "infinitiv", "gerunziu", "număr" etc., pregătite pentru elevii de nivel C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
linguistic
linguistic
[adjectiv]

related to the science of language, including its structure, usage, and evolution

lingvistic, de limbă

lingvistic, de limbă

Ex: Linguistic research explores the intricacies of language acquisition, syntax, and phonetics. 
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infinitive
infinitive
[substantiv]

(grammar) the root form of a verb

infinitiv, forma de bază a verbului

infinitiv, forma de bază a verbului

Ex: In English grammar, the infinitive is the base form of a verb, typically preceded by "to." 
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gerund
gerund
[substantiv]

(grammar) a form of a verb that functions as a noun and is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the base form of the verb

gerunziu, formă verbală care funcționează ca substantiv

gerunziu, formă verbală care funcționează ca substantiv

Ex: A gerund is a verb form that functions as a noun, ending in "-ing." 
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transitive verb
transitive verb
[substantiv]

(grammar) a verb that needs a direct object

verb tranzitiv, verb care necesită un obiect direct

verb tranzitiv, verb care necesită un obiect direct

Ex: A transitive verb is a verb that requires a direct object to complete its meaning. 
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intransitive verb
intransitive verb
[substantiv]

(grammar) a verb without a direct object

verb intranzitiv, verb fără obiect direct

verb intranzitiv, verb fără obiect direct

Ex: An intransitive verb is a verb that does not require a direct object to complete its meaning. 
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number
number
[substantiv]

(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to

număr, număr gramatical

număr, număr gramatical

Ex: In English grammar, the number of a noun or pronoun indicates whether it is singular or plural, affecting the form of verbs and pronouns in a sentence. 
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person
person
[substantiv]

(grammar) each of the three classes of pronouns that refers to who is speaking, who is being spoken to, or others that are not present during the conversation

persoană, subiect

persoană, subiect

Ex: In English grammar, the concept of person refers to the perspective from which a speaker or writer refers to themselves, the person they are addressing, or others not present in the conversation. 
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voice
voice
[substantiv]

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

voce, vocea verbului

voce, vocea verbului

Ex: Active voice, on the other hand, is used when the subject of a sentence performs the action expressed by the verb. 
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gender
gender
[substantiv]

(grammar) a class of words indicating whether they are feminine, masculine, or neuter

gen

gen

Ex: In many languages, such as Spanish and French, nouns are assigned a gender—either masculine or feminine—regardless of the actual gender of the object they represent. 
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feminine
feminine
[adjectiv]

(of a language's grammar) referring to females

feminin

feminin

Ex: In languages with grammatical gender, such as Spanish or French, nouns like ' la casa' (the house) or 'la table' (the table) are classified as feminine. 
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masculine
masculine
[adjectiv]

(of a language's grammar) referring to males

masculin

masculin

Ex: In languages with grammatical gender, such as Spanish or French, nouns like ' el libro' (the book) or 'le garçon' (the boy) are classified as masculine. 
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subjunctive
subjunctive
[adjectiv]

(grammar) related to verbs that express wishes, possibility, or doubt

subjonctiv, al subjonctivului

subjonctiv, al subjonctivului

Ex: The subjunctive mood often appears in clauses introduced by certain conjunctions, such as 'if,' 'whether,' 'lest,' or 'that. 
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phonetics
phonetics
[substantiv]

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

fonetică

fonetică

Ex: Phonetics is the branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of human speech, including their production, transmission, and reception. 
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intonation
intonation
[substantiv]

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

intonatie

intonatie

Ex: In phonetics, intonation refers to the pattern of rising and falling pitch in speech, which conveys meaning, emotion, and emphasis. 
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dialect
dialect
[substantiv]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialect, grai

dialect, grai

Ex: A dialect is a variety of a language spoken by a particular group of people, characterized by unique vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. 
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proverb
proverb
[substantiv]

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

proverb, zicală

proverb, zicală

Ex: A well-known proverb states, 'Actions speak louder than words,' emphasizing the importance of deeds over promises. 
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idiom
idiom
[substantiv]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

idiom, expresie idiomatică

idiom, expresie idiomatică

Ex: The idiom 'kick the bucket' means to die, and its meaning is quite different from the literal interpretation of kicking a bucket. 
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jargon
jargon
[substantiv]

words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others

jargon, limbaj specializat

jargon, limbaj specializat

Ex: Medical professionals often use jargon such as 'stat,' 'BP,' and 'code blue,' which can be confusing to those outside the healthcare field. 
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slang
slang
[substantiv]

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

argou, limbaj colocvial

argou, limbaj colocvial

Ex: Teenagers often use slang like 'lit' to describe something that is exciting or excellent, which may not be easily understood by older generations. 
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euphemism
euphemism
[substantiv]

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

eufemism, expresie atenuată

eufemism, expresie atenuată

Ex: "Between jobs" is a euphemism for being unemployed. 
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to punctuate

to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

punctuație

punctuație

Ex: When you write an essay, it is important to punctuate your sentences correctly to ensure that your ideas are clearly communicated. 
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colon
colon
[substantiv]

the punctuation mark : used to introduce a quotation, explanation, or list of items

două puncte, semnul două puncte

două puncte, semnul două puncte

Ex: In English grammar, a colon is used to introduce a list of items: apples, oranges, bananas, and grapes. 
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semicolon
semicolon
[substantiv]

the punctuation mark ; used to separate the items in a list or to indicate a pause between two main clauses in a compound sentence

punct și virgulă, semicolon

punct și virgulă, semicolon

Ex: To connect closely related independent clauses, you can use a semicolon; it's a great way to show the relationship between the two sentences. 
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parenthesis
parenthesis
[substantiv]

either of the symbols ( ) used in writing to enclose extra information that is given or to group a symbolic unit in logic or mathematics

paranteză, paranteză

paranteză, paranteză

Ex: In mathematics, a parenthesis is used to group numbers or operations together, as in (3 + 5) × 2. 
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hyphen
hyphen
[substantiv]

a small line used to connect words or parts of words

linie de unire, cratimă

linie de unire, cratimă

Ex: In compound words like 'mother-in-law' and 'self-esteem,' a hyphen is used to connect the different parts of the word. 
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slash
slash
[substantiv]

the symbol / used in print or writing to indicate alternatives or fractions, etc.

bara oblică, slash

bara oblică, slash

Ex: In the sentence, "Please bring a pencil/pen to the exam," the slash indicates a choice between two items. 
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interjection
interjection
[substantiv]

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

interjecție, exclamație

interjecție, exclamație

Ex: The teacher explained the concept of interjection during grammar class. 
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particle
particle
[substantiv]

(grammar) an adverb or preposition that is used with a verb to form a phrasal verb

particulă, element adverbial

particulă, element adverbial

Ex: In the phrasal verb 'look up,' 'up' is a particle that changes the meaning of the verb 'look.' 
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e.g.
e.g.
[adverb]

used before providing an example

de exemplu

de exemplu

Ex: I have many hobbies, e.g., hiking, painting, and cooking. 
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ungrammatical
ungrammatical
[adjectiv]

not conforming with the rules of grammar

negramatical, neconform cu regulile gramaticale

negramatical, neconform cu regulile gramaticale

Ex: The sentence 'He don't likes broccoli' is ungrammatical because 'don't' is not used with 'likes' in standard English. 
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