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Listă de Cuvinte Nivel C1 - Componentele limbajului

Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte în limba engleză despre componentele limbii, cum ar fi „infinitiv”, „gerund”, „număr”, etc., pregătite pentru cursanții C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
linguistic
[adjectiv]

related to the science of language, including its structure, usage, and evolution

lingvistic, lingvistică

lingvistic, lingvistică

Ex: Linguistic barriers can make communication in multicultural teams challenging .
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infinitive
[substantiv]

(grammar) the root form of a verb

infinitiv, infinitive

infinitiv, infinitive

Ex: Infinitives are versatile and can be used in various grammatical constructions to express different meanings and functions .
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gerund
[substantiv]

(grammar) a form of a verb that functions as a noun and is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the base form of the verb

gerunziu, gerund

gerunziu, gerund

Ex: Gerunds are used to express actions or activities in a general or abstract sense , rather than as specific instances of action .
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transitive verb
[substantiv]

(grammar) a verb that needs a direct object

verb tranzitiv, verb transitive

verb tranzitiv, verb transitive

Ex: Transitive verbs can be followed by a noun , pronoun , or phrase that receives the action of the verb .
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intransitive verb
[substantiv]

(grammar) a verb without a direct object

verb intransitiv, verb fără obiect direct

verb intransitiv, verb fără obiect direct

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number
[substantiv]

(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to

număr, numărul gramatic

număr, numărul gramatic

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person
[substantiv]

(grammar) each of the three classes of pronouns that refers to who is speaking, who is being spoken to, or others that are not present during the conversation

persoană, gramatica persoanei

persoană, gramatica persoanei

Ex: First-person pronouns like ' I , ' ' me , ' and ' we ' refer to the speaker or speakers themselves , while second-person pronouns like ' you ' refer to person or people being addressed .
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voice
[substantiv]

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

voce, vocală

voce, vocală

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gender
[substantiv]

(grammar) a class of words indicating whether they are feminine, masculine, or neuter

gen, genul gramatical

gen, genul gramatical

Ex: In linguisticsgender is a grammatical category that plays a role in agreement between nouns , pronouns , adjectives , and articles within a sentence .
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feminine
[adjectiv]

(of a language's grammar) referring to females

feminin, de gen feminin

feminin, de gen feminin

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masculine
[adjectiv]

(of a language's grammar) referring to males

masculin, de gen masculin

masculin, de gen masculin

Ex: Gendered languages often masculine gender to nouns denoting male beings , such as ' el hombre ' ( the man ) or ' el perro ' ( the dog , masculine gender ) .
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subjunctive
[adjectiv]

(grammar) related to verbs that express wishes, possibility, or doubt

subiectiv, subjunctiv

subiectiv, subjunctiv

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phonetics
[substantiv]

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

fonetică, fonație

fonetică, fonație

Ex: Phonetics plays a crucial role in language learning and teaching , helping learners to accurately pronounce and recognize the sounds of a foreign language .
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intonation
[substantiv]

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

intonare, intonație

intonare, intonație

Ex: Intonation is an important aspect of spoken language that helps listeners interpret the speaker 's attitude , mood , and intention , contributing to effective communication .
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dialect
[substantiv]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialect, grai

dialect, grai

Ex: Linguists dialects to better understand language variation and change , as well as the social and cultural factors that shape linguistic diversity .
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proverb
[substantiv]

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

proverb, zicală

proverb, zicală

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idiom
[substantiv]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

idiom, expresie

idiom, expresie

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jargon
[substantiv]

words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others

jargon, terminologie

jargon, terminologie

Ex: jargon, such as ' bull market , ' ' liquidity , ' and ' dividends , ' is frequently used by investors and financial analysts .
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slang
[substantiv]

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

argou, slang

argou, slang

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euphemism
[substantiv]

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

eufemism, expresie eufemistică

eufemism, expresie eufemistică

Ex: In polite conversation , people might use euphemism ' restroom ' or ' bathroom ' instead of ' toilet ' to refer to a place where one can relieve themselves .
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to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

a punctua, a folosi semne de punctuație

a punctua, a folosi semne de punctuație

Ex: Learning how punctuate complex sentences with colons and dashes can greatly improve your writing style and clarity .
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colon
[substantiv]

the punctuation mark : used to introduce a quotation, explanation, or list of items

două puncte, punct și virgulă

două puncte, punct și virgulă

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semicolon
[substantiv]

the punctuation mark ; used to separate the items in a list or to indicate a pause between two main clauses in a compound sentence

punct și virgulă, semicolon

punct și virgulă, semicolon

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parenthesis
[substantiv]

either of the symbols ( ) used in writing to enclose extra information that is given or to group a symbolic unit in logic or mathematics

paranteză, paranteză rotundă

paranteză, paranteză rotundă

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hyphen
[substantiv]

a small line used to connect words or parts of words

liniuță, cratimă

liniuță, cratimă

Ex: She carefully placed hyphen between the syllables of the word ' co-operate ' to show that it is pronounced as two separate units .
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slash
[substantiv]

the symbol / used in print or writing to indicate alternatives or fractions, etc.

bară, slash

bară, slash

Ex: The phrase " his / her " uses slash to indicate either a male or female gender pronoun .
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interjection
[substantiv]

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

interjecție, exclamare

interjecție, exclamare

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particle
[substantiv]

(grammar) an adverb or preposition that is used with a verb to form a phrasal verb

particulă, particulă verbală

particulă, particulă verbală

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e.g.
[adverb]

used before providing an example

de exemplu, exemplu dat

de exemplu, exemplu dat

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ungrammatical
[adjectiv]

not conforming with the rules of grammar

negrammarical, necorect gramatical

negrammarical, necorect gramatical

Ex: Some dialects may allow constructions that are ungrammatical in formal written English .
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