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Список Слов Уровня C1 - Грамматика

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова о компонентах языка, такие как «инфинитив», «герундий», «число» и т. д., подготовленные для учащихся C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
linguistic
[прилагательное]

related to the science of language, including its structure, usage, and evolution

лингвистика

лингвистика

Ex: Linguistic barriers can make communication in multicultural teams challenging .
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infinitive
[существительное]

(grammar) the root form of a verb

инфинитив

инфинитив

Ex: Infinitives are versatile and can be used in various grammatical constructions to express different meanings and functions .
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gerund
[существительное]

(grammar) a form of a verb that functions as a noun and is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the base form of the verb

герундий

герундий

Ex: Gerunds are used to express actions or activities in a general or abstract sense , rather than as specific instances of action .
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transitive verb
[существительное]

(grammar) a verb that needs a direct object

переходный глагол

переходный глагол

Ex: Transitive verbs often answer the question "what" or "whom" after the action verb.
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intransitive verb
[существительное]

(grammar) a verb without a direct object

непереходный глагол

непереходный глагол

Ex: The child giggled uncontrollably , the innocence of laughter exemplifying the joy that intransitive verb can bring without needing an object .
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number
[существительное]

(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to

число

число

Ex: In languages like Spanish and French , nouns have gender number, requiring agreement with adjectives and articles in both aspects .
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person
[существительное]

(grammar) each of the three classes of pronouns that refers to who is speaking, who is being spoken to, or others that are not present during the conversation

лицо

лицо

Ex: The use of first, second, and third person in writing can greatly affect the tone and perspective of a piece, influencing how readers perceive the narrator's relationship to the story and characters.
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voice
[существительное]

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

голос

голос

Ex: Understanding when to use active or passive voice is an important aspect of writing effectively and communicating ideas clearly in English grammar.
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gender
[существительное]

(grammar) a class of words indicating whether they are feminine, masculine, or neuter

род

род

Ex: In linguisticsgender is a grammatical category that plays a role in agreement between nouns , pronouns , adjectives , and articles within a sentence .
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feminine
[прилагательное]

(of a language's grammar) referring to females

женский род

женский род

Ex: Understanding feminine gender in a language is essential for proper agreement and communication , ensuring grammatical correctness in speech and writing .
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masculine
[прилагательное]

(of a language's grammar) referring to males

мужской род

мужской род

Ex: Understanding the masculine gender in a language is essential for proper agreement and communication, ensuring grammatical correctness in speech and writing.
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subjunctive
[прилагательное]

(grammar) related to verbs that express wishes, possibility, or doubt

сослагательное наклонение

сослагательное наклонение

Ex: In English, the subjunctive mood is less common than in other languages but can still be found in expressions like 'God save the Queen' or 'Long live the king.
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phonetics
[существительное]

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

фонетика

фонетика

Ex: Phonetics plays a crucial role in language learning and teaching , helping learners to accurately pronounce and recognize the sounds of a foreign language .
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intonation
[существительное]

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

интонация

интонация

Ex: Intonation is an important aspect of spoken language that helps listeners interpret the speaker 's attitude , mood , and intention , contributing to effective communication .
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dialect
[существительное]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

диалект

диалект

Ex: Linguists dialects to better understand language variation and change , as well as the social and cultural factors that shape linguistic diversity .
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proverb
[существительное]

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

пословица, поговорка

пословица, поговорка

Ex: Many cultures have a version of proverb ' The early bird catches the worm , ' which highlights the benefits of being proactive and starting tasks early .
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idiom
[существительное]

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

идиома

идиома

Ex: idiom ' piece of cake ' refers to something that is very easy to do , which has nothing to do with an actual piece of dessert .
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jargon
[существительное]

words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others

жаргон

жаргон

Ex: Military jargon includes phrases like 'AWOL,' 'RECON,' and 'FOB,' which are part of the everyday language for service members but might be puzzling to civilians.
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slang
[существительное]

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

жаргон

жаргон

Ex: The slang term 'cop' is commonly used to refer to a police officer, originating from the verb 'to cop,' meaning to capture or arrest.
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euphemism
[существительное]

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

эвфемизм

эвфемизм

Ex: In polite conversation , people might use euphemism ' restroom ' or ' bathroom ' instead of ' toilet ' to refer to a place where one can relieve themselves .
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to punctuate
[глагол]

to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

пунктировать

пунктировать

Ex: Learning how punctuate complex sentences with colons and dashes can greatly improve your writing style and clarity .
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colon
[существительное]

the punctuation mark : used to introduce a quotation, explanation, or list of items

двоеточие

двоеточие

Ex: When writing a formal letter , use colon after the salutation : ' Dear Hiring Manager : I am writing to apply for the position . '
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semicolon
[существительное]

the punctuation mark ; used to separate the items in a list or to indicate a pause between two main clauses in a compound sentence

точка с запятой

точка с запятой

Ex: semicolon is a versatile punctuation mark : it can link independent clauses and organize detailed lists .
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parenthesis
[существительное]

either of the symbols ( ) used in writing to enclose extra information that is given or to group a symbolic unit in logic or mathematics

парентеза

парентеза

Ex: The sentence was interrupted by a thought parenthesis ( a common occurrence in informal writing ) .
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hyphen
[существительное]

a small line used to connect words or parts of words

дефис

дефис

Ex: She carefully placed hyphen between the syllables of the word ' co-operate ' to show that it is pronounced as two separate units .
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slash
[существительное]

the symbol / used in print or writing to indicate alternatives or fractions, etc.

косая черта

косая черта

Ex: The phrase " his / her " uses slash to indicate either a male or female gender pronoun .
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interjection
[существительное]

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

междометие

междометие

Ex: During the debate , the speaker highlighted the importance interjection in conveying emotions in speech .
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particle
[существительное]

(grammar) an adverb or preposition that is used with a verb to form a phrasal verb

частица

частица

Ex: Understanding the role particles in phrasal verbs is essential for mastering English grammar .
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e.g.
[наречие]

used before providing an example

напр.

напр.

Ex: Many animals are endangered due to habitat destructione.g., loss of forests , pollution , and urbanization .
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ungrammatical
[прилагательное]

not conforming with the rules of grammar

неграмматический

неграмматический

Ex: Some dialects may allow constructions that are ungrammatical in formal written English .
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