Lista Słówek Poziomu C1 - Składniki językowe

related to the science of language, including its structure, usage, and evolution

lingwistyczny

(grammar) the root form of a verb

bezokolicznik

(grammar) a form of a verb that functions as a noun and is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the base form of the verb

gerundium, gerundium

(grammar) a verb that needs a direct object

czasownik przechodni, czasownik wymagający dopełnienia

(grammar) a verb without a direct object

czasownik nieprzechodni, czasownik bez dopełnienia

(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to

liczba, numer

(grammar) each of the three classes of pronouns that refers to who is speaking, who is being spoken to, or others that are not present during the conversation

osoba, osoba gramatyczna

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

głos (gramatyczny), głos aktywny/pasywny

(grammar) a class of words indicating whether they are feminine, masculine, or neuter

rod, rod gramatyczny

(of a language's grammar) referring to females

żeńskie, feminina

(of a language's grammar) referring to males

męski, maskulinny

(grammar) related to verbs that express wishes, possibility, or doubt

subjunktywny, tryb łącznie

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

fonetyka

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

intonacja

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialekt

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

przysłowie

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

idiom, wyrażenie idiomatyczne

words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others

żargon, terminologia

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

słownictwo slangowe, język potoczny

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

eufemizm

to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

pisać z użyciem znaków interpunkcyjnych, interpunkcja

the punctuation mark : used to introduce a quotation, explanation, or list of items

dwukropek, dwukropek (znak interpunkcyjny)

the punctuation mark ; used to separate the items in a list or to indicate a pause between two main clauses in a compound sentence

średnik

either of the symbols ( ) used in writing to enclose extra information that is given or to group a symbolic unit in logic or mathematics

nawias

a small line used to connect words or parts of words

myślnik, łącznik

the symbol / used in print or writing to indicate alternatives or fractions, etc.

ukośnik, slash

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

wykrzyknik, międzywyraz

(grammar) an adverb or preposition that is used with a verb to form a phrasal verb

cząstka, przyimek

used before providing an example

na przykład, np.

not conforming with the rules of grammar

gramatycznie niepoprawny, niegramatyczny