Cambridge IELTS 17 - Academic - Test 3 - Reading - Passage 1

(of an animal, plant, etc.) not having any living members, either due to natural causes, environmental changes, or human activity

any of the order of mammals that carry their young babies in a pouch, such as kangaroos, found either in Australia or Americas

to share similarities in appearance, characteristics, or qualities

appearing to have a certain quality, yet lacking it in reality

serving to identify or characterize

an area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features

particularly suitable or ideal for a specific purpose

the place or area in which certain animals, birds, or plants naturally exist, lives, and grows

in a manner that is only available to a particular person, group, or thing

(of plants or animals) feeding on the meat or flesh of other animals

having a robust muscular body-build characterized by predominance of structures (bone and muscle and connective tissue) developed from the embryonic mesodermal layer

to expand, swell, or stretch beyond the normal or usual size

the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively

to offset or make amends for something undesirable by applying an opposing force or effect

present in very limited amounts or number and not commonly found or encountered

to cause a person to become extremely tired

the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

the smell that something releases, which can be detected by the nose

to become visible after coming out of somewhere

to move back or withdraw to a safer or more comfortable place, especially to avoid something unpleasant

used to show that something happened or is true, even though there was a difficulty or obstacle that might have prevented it

a person's or animal's natural or inherent characteristics, influencing their behavior, mood, and emotional responses

(of animals or organisms) primarily active during the night

to see or observe with the eyes

to store information in a way that can be used in the future

to lie or rest in a pleasant warmth, such as sunlight

lasting longer than usual or anticipated

something that is a sign of another thing

to move slowly with the body near the ground or on the hands and knees

a pocket-like structure that female marsupials, such as kangaroos, use to carry their young with them

the part of the body of a female mammal from which the young suck milk

a place where a wild animal lives, hides, or takes refuge

existing or spreading among many people, groups, or communities through communication, influence, or awareness

the main part of a continent or country that is connected to a larger landmass, excluding surrounding islands or territories

the preserved remains or traces of ancient plants, animals, or other organisms found in rock

a situation in which a particular animal or plant no longer exists

to occur at the same time as something else

any animal that lives by hunting and eating other animals

to nurse or feed by drawing milk from the breast or teat, typically done by babies or young animals

surprising or exciting in appearance or effect

to assign the cause or ownership of something to a specific person, thing, or factor

continuing with the same level of intensity without becoming weaker or less forceful

a hunter who kills predatory wild animals in order to collect a bounty

a long gun that can shoot multiple small bullets at one time, suitable for hunting animals such as birds

having or displaying a strong will to achieve a goal despite the challenges or obstacles

a series of organized activities that are intended to achieve a particular goal

used to say that there is no doubt something is true or is the case

to actively influence or impact a situation, event, or outcome

to be one of the causes or reasons that helps something happen

happening at the end of a process or a particular period of time

someone who along with others moves to a new place to live there and make a community

an animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal

a group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into

a contagious viral disease affecting animals, especially dogs, causing respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms

to cause illness or medical conditions in an individual

to make animals produce offspring in a way that is suitable for human beings

the state of being confined, imprisoned, or held against one's will

the end or failure of something, such as an organization, system, or life

to decrease in degree, size, etc.

the act of completely destroying or eliminating something, especially a population or group

the influence or control over someone or something

deserving attention because of being remarkable or important

a person or thing that does not follow a general rule or is excluded from a class or group

to a degree or extent that is enough

the state of not having enough or being in demand of something

a line determining the limits of an area

a formal proposal for action made to a deliberative assembly for discussion and vote

confined or held prisoner, unable to escape

a trip that has been organized for a particular purpose such as a scientific or military one or for exploration

settling an issue authoritatively and leaving no room for further doubt or debate

declared as fact; explicitly stated

from a specific point forward in time, degree, or progress

a recommended plan that is proposed for a business

to give a person or animal a place to live or settle in

not practical or feasible

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

to find out how old something is by measuring the amount of a certain type of carbon it has left