Cambridge IELTS 17 - Academic - Test 4 - Reading - Passage 2 (2)

easy to comprehend or perform without any difficulties

a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

to gradually decrease the effectiveness, confidence, or power of something or someone

the exclusive authority or ownership over a particular resource or domain

a piece of information discovered as a result of a research

an obstacle that separates people or hinders any progress or communication

a possible consequence that something can bring about

to provide or supply something that was expected or promised

a rule or law that limits what one can do or the thing that can happen

to establish a fresh entity, such as a company, system, or organization

having the same quality, level, or effect throughout

a general description of an idea, a theory, or an event

to provide clarification, understanding, or insight into a topic, situation, or problem

to serve as a clear instance or representation of a broader concept or situation

(always plural) money received for work done or services provided

to indicate a potential danger or risk to someone or something

in a manner that consists mostly of a specific kind, quality, etc.

to severely criticize or scold someone for their actions or behaviors

to create fabric or material by interlacing threads, yarn, or other strands in a pattern using a loom or by hand

indicating opposition or resistance

an official rule or order that is imposed by the law or someone with authority

to keep something for a specific purpose or use

to officially call someone, typically to attend court or fulfill a legal obligation

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

(of mathematical expressions or quantities) having the same value or function, even if they appear in different forms

related to or calculated over the course of a year

money that a person earns, daily or weekly, in exchange for their work

the act of opposing or fighting against someone or something that is in a position of power

to show a particular quality, characteristic, or emotion

to control or adjust something in a way that agrees with rules and regulations

work, particularly difficult physical work

the state of having superiority over another party in terms of power, knowledge, influence, etc.

to prevent someone or something from advancing or crossing a particular point

a method, product, way of doing something, etc. that is newly introduced

to bring things together in one place

a distinct period or stage in a sequence of events or development

remaining unchanged and stable in degree, amount, or condition

to establish a relationship or association between two things

the practice of preparing and using land for growing crops, especially on a large scale

the action of starting to use a certain plan, name, method, or idea

a defining or distinctive feature of something

to take part in or become involved with something actively

producing desired results through effective and efficient use of time, resources, and effort

(of ideas, products, etc.) creative and unlike anything else that exists

the starting point for a new state or experience

the attention or interest someone gives to a person, thing, or event

the moment when a small or slow change becomes strong enough to cause a big, often fast change in a situation, condition, or trend