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Seznam Slovíček Úrovně B2 - Zákon

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o právu, jako je "případ", "porota", "soudní proces" atd., připravená pro studenty úrovně B2.

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CEFR B2 Vocabulary
to account
to account
[sloveso]

to regard someone or something in a particular way

považovat, brát v úvahu

považovat, brát v úvahu

Ex: She accounts herself fortunate to have such supportive friends and family. 
to accuse
to accuse
[sloveso]

to say that a person or group has done something wrong

obviňovat, obvinit

obviňovat, obvinit

Ex: He was falsely accused of cheating on the exam and faced serious consequences. 
to challenge
to challenge
[sloveso]

to object to the legality or acceptability of something

napadnout, zpochybnit

napadnout, zpochybnit

Ex: The attorney challenged the admissibility of the evidence. 
to suspect
to suspect
[sloveso]

to think that someone may have committed a crime, without having proof

podezřívat,  mít podezření

podezřívat, mít podezření

Ex: The police began to suspect him after they found his fingerprints at the crime scene. 
case
case
[Podstatné jméno]

a matter that is to be dealt with in a court of law

případ, kauza

případ, kauza

Ex: The lawyer prepared diligently for the upcoming murder case, knowing it would be challenging. 
family court
family court
[Podstatné jméno]

a court that decides on family matters such as divorce

rodinný soud, soud pro rodinné záležitosti

rodinný soud, soud pro rodinné záležitosti

Ex: The family court mediator helped them reach an agreement on child custody without a lengthy trial. 

Mediační pracovník rodinného soudu jim pomohl dosáhnout dohody o péči o děti bez dlouhého soudního řízení.

jury
jury
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of people chosen to hear the evidence in a court case and reach a verdict

porota,  soudní porota

porota, soudní porota

Ex: The judge instructed the jury to consider only the evidence presented in court. 
trial
trial
[Podstatné jméno]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

soudní proces, přelíčení

soudní proces, přelíčení

Ex: The trial lasted for several weeks as witnesses testified and evidence was presented. 
justice
justice
[Podstatné jméno]

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

spravedlnost

spravedlnost

Ex: The victim's family sought justice through the court system. 
injustice
injustice
[Podstatné jméno]

a behavior or treatment that is unjust and unfair

nespravedlnost, křivda

nespravedlnost, křivda

Ex: He dedicated his life to fighting against social injustice and advocating for the rights of the oppressed. 

Věnoval svůj život boji proti sociální nespravedlnosti a obhajobě práv utlačovaných.

strict
strict
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a rule, law, or requirement) demanding complete obedience and allowing little or no flexibility

Ex: Visitors must obey the museum's strict security rules. 
legal
legal
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the law or the legal system

právní, legální

právní, legální

Ex: The company's legal team reviewed the contract before signing. 

Právní tým společnosti zkontroloval smlouvu před podepsáním.

legally
legally
[Příslovce]

in a way that is allowed by the law or in accordance with legal rules

legálně, v souladu se zákonem

legálně, v souladu se zákonem

Ex: They legally own the rights to the song and can reproduce it. 

Oni právně vlastní práva k písni a mohou ji reprodukovat.

valid
valid
[Přídavné jméno]

acceptable by the law or any authority

platný, zákonný

platný, zákonný

Ex: The contract is only valid if both parties sign it. 

Smlouva je platná pouze tehdy, pokud ji podepíší obě strany.

regulation
regulation
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of controlling something by means of rules

regulace, nařízení

regulace, nařízení

Ex: The regulation of air pollution has become increasingly important. 
to judge
to judge
[sloveso]

to decide whether or not a person is innocent in a court of law

soudit, rozhodnout

soudit, rozhodnout

Ex: The court must judge the defendant according to the evidence. 
authority
authority
[Podstatné jméno]

the right or power to give orders to people

autorita, moc

autorita, moc

Ex: Only the director has the authority to make that decision. 
inspector
inspector
[Podstatné jméno]

a police officer holding an intermediate rank

inspektor, policista

inspektor, policista

Ex: The inspector led the investigation into the robbery. 
clause
clause
[Podstatné jméno]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

klauzule, článek

klauzule, článek

Ex: The rental agreement includes a clause specifying the responsibilities of both the landlord and the tenant. 
claim
claim
[Podstatné jméno]

a request for an amount of money that one believes is rightful

nárok, žádost o náhradu škody

nárok, žádost o náhradu škody

Ex: She filed a claim with her insurance company. 
bill
bill
[Podstatné jméno]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

návrh zákona, návrh zákona

návrh zákona, návrh zákona

Ex: After several debates, the bill was passed and became law. 
action
action
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

žaloba, proces

žaloba, proces

Ex: The action was filed to resolve the dispute between the two parties. 
to appeal
to appeal
[sloveso]

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

odvolat se, podat odvolání

odvolat se, podat odvolání

Ex: The defense attorney filed a motion to appeal the sentencing imposed by the trial court. 
bail
bail
[Podstatné jméno]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

kauce, propuštění na kauci

kauce, propuštění na kauci

Ex: The judge set bail at $10,000 for the defendant. 
brief
brief
[Podstatné jméno]

a short document stating the facts provided by one side of a case to be presented to a court or judge

memorandum, poznámka

memorandum, poznámka

Ex: The lawyer submitted a detailed brief to support her client's position. 
charge
charge
[Podstatné jméno]

an accusation against a person who is on trial

obvinění,  obžaloba

obvinění, obžaloba

Ex: The defendant faced several charges, including theft and assault. 
to charge
to charge
[sloveso]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

obvinit, obžalovat

obvinit, obžalovat

Ex: The prosecutor decided to charge the suspect with theft based on the evidence. 
to defend
to defend
[sloveso]

to represent a person who is on trial

obhajovat,  zastupovat

obhajovat, zastupovat

Ex: The attorney was hired to defend the accused in the high-profile case. 
to file
to file
[sloveso]

to officially submit or store a document or record in accordance with legal or regulatory requirements

podat, archivovat

podat, archivovat

Ex: The attorney filed the necessary paperwork to initiate the probate process. 
to issue
to issue
[sloveso]

to officially start a legal process against someone, often with a document

vydat, vystavit

vydat, vystavit

Ex: The court issued a warrant for his arrest. 
to prohibit
to prohibit
[sloveso]

to formally forbid something from being done, particularly by law

zakázat, zapovědět

zakázat, zapovědět

Ex: The regulations prohibit parking in front of fire hydrants to ensure easy access for emergency vehicles. 

Předpisy zakazují parkování před požárními hydranty, aby byl zajištěn snadný přístup pro záchranná vozidla.

prohibition
prohibition
[Podstatné jméno]

an official rule or law that forbids something

zákaz, prohibice

zákaz, prohibice

Ex: The government announced a prohibition on imported goods. 

Vláda oznámila zákaz dováženého zboží.

to try
to try
[sloveso]

to put a person on trial or investigate a case in a trial

soudit, postavit před soud

soudit, postavit před soud

Ex: The court will try the case next month. 
to break
to break
[sloveso]

to fail to obey the law

porušit, zlomit

porušit, zlomit

Ex: She was caught breaking the contract by sharing confidential information. 
to chair
to chair
[sloveso]

to lead a committee or meeting

předsedat, vést

předsedat, vést

Ex: She regularly chairs the weekly team meetings, ensuring all agenda items are addressed. 
to get away
to get away
[sloveso]

to escape from someone or somewhere

uniknout od někoho nebo z nějakého místa, uniknout a dostat se pryč

uniknout od někoho nebo z nějakého místa, uniknout a dostat se pryč

Ex: The bank robber tried to get away with the stolen cash, but the police caught up to him. 

Bankovní lupič se pokusil uniknout s ukradenými penězi, ale policie ho dostihla.

to require
to require
[sloveso]

to make something mandatory or necessary

vyžadovat, požadovat

vyžadovat, požadovat

Ex: The event requires a ticket for entry. 
to disqualify
to disqualify
[sloveso]

to officially take away someone's right to do something for violating a rule

diskvalifikovat, vyloučit

diskvalifikovat, vyloučit

Ex: The swimmer was disqualified from the race for a false start. 

Plavec byl diskvalifikován ze závodu za falešný start.

judgment
judgment
[Podstatné jméno]

the decision of a judge or law court

rozsudek, rozhodnutí

rozsudek, rozhodnutí

Ex: The judgment was delivered after weeks of deliberation by the court. 
criminal record
criminal record
[Podstatné jméno]

a legal document that shows a person's history of breaking the law and being punished for it

trestní rejstřík, zločinecká minulost

trestní rejstřík, zločinecká minulost

Ex: The criminal record showed a history of minor offenses but no serious crimes. 

Trestní rejstřík ukazoval historii drobných přestupků, ale žádné závažné trestné činy.

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