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B2レベルの単語リスト - Law

ここでは、B2学習者向けに用意された「事件」、「陪審」、「裁判」など、法律に関する英単語を学習します。

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CEFR B2 Vocabulary
to account
[動詞]

to regard someone or something in a particular way

と見なす, と考慮する

と見なす, と考慮する

Ex: accounts the discovery of the lost treasure as a turning point in his life .
to accuse
[動詞]

to say that a person or group has done something wrong

非難する, 告発する

非難する, 告発する

Ex: The accused the government of ignoring their demands .
to challenge
[動詞]

to object to the legality or acceptability of something

異議を申し立てる, 挑戦する

異議を申し立てる, 挑戦する

Ex: The defendant decided challenge the validity of the evidence presented in court .
to suspect
[動詞]

to think that someone may have committed a crime, without having proof

疑う(うたがう), 疑念を抱く(ぎねんをいだく)

疑う(うたがう), 疑念を抱く(ぎねんをいだく)

Ex: The suspects the woman of being the mastermind behind the crime .
case
[名詞]

a matter that is to be dealt with in a court of law

事件 (じけん), 訴訟 (そしょう)

事件 (じけん), 訴訟 (そしょう)

Ex: The jury deliberated for hours before reaching a verdict in the complex case.
family court
[名詞]

a court that decides on family matters such as divorce

家庭裁判所, 家族裁判所

家庭裁判所, 家族裁判所

Ex: family court mediator helped them reach an agreement on child custody without a lengthy trial .
jury
[名詞]

a group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant

陪審員 (ばいしんいん), 陪審 (ばいしん)

陪審員 (ばいしんいん), 陪審 (ばいしん)

Ex: jury was composed of individuals from various professions and backgrounds .
trial
[名詞]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

裁判 (さいばん), 試験 (しけん)

裁判 (さいばん), 試験 (しけん)

Ex: The lawyer prepared extensively for trial, gathering all necessary documents and witness statements .
justice
[名詞]

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

公正 (こうせい), 正義 (せいぎ)

公正 (こうせい), 正義 (せいぎ)

Ex: They believed that justice could only be achieved through reforms in the legal system .
injustice
[名詞]

a behavior or treatment that is unjust and unfair

不正義 (ふせいぎ), 不公平 (ふこうへい)

不正義 (ふせいぎ), 不公平 (ふこうへい)

Ex: He dedicated his life to fighting against injustice and advocating for the rights of the oppressed .
strict
[形容詞]

(of rules and regulations) absolute and must be obeyed under any circumstances

厳格な, 厳しい

厳格な, 厳しい

Ex: The library has strict policy against overdue books , imposing fines for late returns .
legal
[形容詞]

related to the law or the legal system

法的な (ほうてきな), 法律的な (ほうりつてきな)

法的な (ほうてきな), 法律的な (ほうりつてきな)

Ex: The company was sued for legal regulations regarding environmental protection .
legally
[副詞]

in a manner that is required or allowed by the law

合法的に, 法的に

合法的に, 法的に

Ex: The accused was acquitted in court after it was determined that the evidence against them was legally sufficient .
valid
[形容詞]

acceptable by the law or any authority

有効な, 妥当な

有効な, 妥当な

Ex: The court ruled that the agreement was valid due to missing signatures .
regulation
[名詞]

the process of controlling something by means of rules

規制, 調整

規制, 調整

Ex: regulation of online content aims to protect users from harmful or misleading information on the internet .
to judge
[動詞]

to decide whether or not a person is innocent in a court of law

裁く (さばく), 判決を下す (はんけつをくだす)

裁く (さばく), 判決を下す (はんけつをくだす)

Ex: Lawyers presented their arguments to convince the court judge in their favor .
authority
[名詞]

the right or power to give orders to people

権限, 権威

権限, 権威

Ex: The professor was recognized as authority in the field of environmental science .
inspector
[名詞]

a police officer holding an intermediate rank

警部(けいぶ), 検査官(けんさかん)

警部(けいぶ), 検査官(けんさかん)

Ex: Inspector Johnson was commended for his diligent work in uncovering corruption within the department.
clause
[名詞]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

条項, 条文

条項, 条文

Ex: The constitution contains a clause that protects individuals ' rights to express themselves without censorship from the government .
claim
[名詞]

a request for an amount of money that one believes is rightful

請求(せいきゅう), 要求(ようきゅう)

請求(せいきゅう), 要求(ようきゅう)

Ex: The company 's bankruptcy filing led to numerous creditors claims against its assets in hopes of recovering debts owed to them .
bill
[名詞]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

法案, 議案

法案, 議案

Ex: bill was delayed in the legislative process due to disagreements among committee members .
action
[名詞]

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

訴訟(そしょう), 訴え(うったえ)

訴訟(そしょう), 訴え(うったえ)

Ex: The plaintiff initiated legal action to seek damages for the harm done.
to appeal
[動詞]

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

控訴する (こうそする), 上訴する (じょうそする)

控訴する (こうそする), 上訴する (じょうそする)

Ex: The defendant decided appeal the verdict of the lower court in hopes of receiving a more favorable outcome .
bail
[名詞]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

保釈金 (ほしゃくきん), バail

保釈金 (ほしゃくきん), バail

Ex: The suspect's family rallied together to raise money for his bail bond.
brief
[名詞]

a short document stating the facts provided by one side of a case to be presented to a court or judge

ブリーフ, 書面

ブリーフ, 書面

Ex: Preparing brief requires careful attention to detail and clarity .
charge
[名詞]

an accusation against a person who is on trial

告発(こくはつ), 起訴(きそ)

告発(こくはつ), 起訴(きそ)

Ex: charges were filed after a thorough investigation revealed substantial evidence .
to charge
[動詞]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

起訴する, 告発する

起訴する, 告発する

Ex: Right now , the legal team charging individuals involved in the corruption scandal .
to defend
[動詞]

to represent a person who is on trial

弁護する, 防御する

弁護する, 防御する

Ex: The public defender was assigned defend the client who could not afford private counsel .
to file
[動詞]

to officially submit or store a document or record in accordance with legal or regulatory requirements

提出する, 保管する

提出する, 保管する

Ex: filed the patent application to secure legal protection for the invention .
to issue
[動詞]

to release an official document such as a statement, warrant, etc.

発行する, 公表する

発行する, 公表する

Ex: Can issue a proclamation for the upcoming event ?
to prohibit
[動詞]

to formally forbid something from being done, particularly by law

禁止する (きんしする), 制限する (せいげんする)

禁止する (きんしする), 制限する (せいげんする)

Ex: The prohibit parking in front of fire hydrants to ensure easy access for emergency vehicles .
prohibition
[名詞]

a regulation or rule that forbids the use or practice of something

禁制, 禁止

禁制, 禁止

to try
[動詞]

to put a person on trial or investigate a case in a trial

裁判する (さいばんする), 試す (しらべる)

裁判する (さいばんする), 試す (しらべる)

Ex: The suspect will be tried for murder next month.
to break
[動詞]

to fail to obey the law

違反する, 破る

違反する, 破る

Ex: Breaking copyright laws can lead to legal action against content creators .
to chair
[動詞]

to lead a committee or meeting

議長を務める, 委員会を主宰する

議長を務める, 委員会を主宰する

Ex: The CEO chairs high-level strategy sessions to steer the company 's direction .
to get away
[動詞]

to escape from someone or somewhere

逃げる, 脱出する

逃げる, 脱出する

Ex: The bank robber tried to get away with the stolen cash, but the police caught up to him.
to require
[動詞]

to make something mandatory or necessary

必要とする, 要求する

必要とする, 要求する

Ex: The requires registration in advance .

to officially take away someone's right to do something for violating a rule

失格させる (しっかくさせる), 資格を剥奪する (しかくをはくだつする)

失格させる (しっかくさせる), 資格を剥奪する (しかくをはくだつする)

Ex: She had already disqualified from the previous competition for using performance enhancers .
judgment
[名詞]

the decision of a judge or law court

判決(はんけつ), 裁定(さいてい)

判決(はんけつ), 裁定(さいてい)

Ex: After reviewing the evidence , the judge issued judgment of not guilty .

a legal document that shows a person's history of breaking the law and being punished for it

犯罪歴, 前科

犯罪歴, 前科

Ex: criminal record showed a history of minor offenses but no serious crimes .
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