Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency) - Ruoli sociali e archetipi

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apologist

[sostantivo]

a person who defends or justifies a belief, policy, or institution, often against criticism

apologista, difensore

Ex: Historians sometimes act as apologists for past empires .Gli storici a volte agiscono come **apologisti** per gli imperi passati.

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confidante

[sostantivo]

a woman trusted with someone's private thoughts, secrets, or personal matters

confidente, intima

Ex: Writers sometimes use diaries as a silent confidante.Gli scrittori a volte usano i diari come una **confidente** silenziosa.

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conformist

[sostantivo]

a person who goes along with majority opinions, religious norms, and cultural conventions without critical questioning

conformista, seguace

Ex: During wartime , propaganda often portrayed the enemy as radical while one 's own citizens were patriotic conformists supporting the government .Durante la guerra, la propaganda spesso ritraeva il nemico come radicale mentre i propri cittadini erano **conformisti** patriottici che sostenevano il governo.

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coquette

[sostantivo]

a woman who enjoys flirting or teasing romantic interest, often without intending a serious commitment

civetta

Ex: Though she enjoyed the company of men and the attention they showered upon her , the coquette remained independent and uninterested in settling down .Sebbene apprezzasse la compagnia degli uomini e l'attenzione che le riservavano, la **civetta** rimase indipendente e disinteressata a sistemarsi.

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dissident

[sostantivo]

someone who declares opposition to the government of one's country, knowing there is punishment for doing so

dissidente

Ex: He was known as a prominent dissident who advocated for democratic reforms .Era conosciuto come un **dissidente** prominente che sosteneva riforme democratiche.

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fledgling

[sostantivo]

a beginner or newcomer to a field or activity, still inexperienced

novizio, principiante

Ex: As a fledgling writer , he often doubted his own ability .Come scrittore **novizio**, dubitava spesso della propria capacità.

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itinerant

[aggettivo]

(of a person) traveling from place to place, often for work or a specific purpose

itinerante, nomade

Ex: The itinerant photographer captured scenes from different corners of the world .Il fotografo **itinerante** ha catturato scene da diversi angoli del mondo.

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literati

[sostantivo]

intellectuals or well-educated people interested in literature and scholarly writing

letterati

Ex: As an aspiring writer , Jane dreamt of the day she would be considered part of the literati and invited to prestigious literary events .

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itinerant

[sostantivo]

a worker or laborer who travels from one place to another, usually to find temporary employment

lavoratore itinerante, bracciante ambulante

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maverick

[sostantivo]

an individual who thinks and behaves differently and independently

anticonformista

Ex: In a room full of followers , he stood out as the maverick.In una stanza piena di seguaci, si distingueva come il **ribelle**.

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mendicant

[sostantivo]

a person who begs other people for food and money

mendicante

Ex: The film portrayed the life of a mendicant as both challenging and poignant .Il film ha ritratto la vita di un **mendicante** come sia impegnativa che commovente.

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neophyte

[sostantivo]

Someone who is just beginning to engage in a field, skill, or practice

neofita, principiante

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recluse

[sostantivo]

an individual who lives by themselves and avoids all sorts of contact with other people

recluso

Ex: Her decision to live as a recluse was driven by a desire for personal reflection .La sua decisione di vivere come un **recluso** era guidata dal desiderio di riflessione personale.

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supplicant

[sostantivo]

a person who earnestly and respectfully asks for help, mercy, or favor, especially from a deity or higher authority

supplice, implorante

Ex: At her throne , she heard the pleas of the many supplicants requesting her mercy and favor .Il monaco ha accolto ogni **supplice** con compassione e calma.

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zealot

[sostantivo]

a person who is fanatically committed to a cause, ideology, or belief, often with uncompromising intensity and willingness to act aggressively in its defense

fanatico, zelota

Ex: The political zealot was known for his extreme views and unwavering commitment to his party 's agenda .Gli **zéloti** politici hanno inondato le strade, chiedendo un cambiamento radicale.

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hedonist

[sostantivo]

an individual who acts according to the belief that pursuing pleasure is of the highest importance in life

edonista

Ex: He was known as a hedonist, always choosing the most pleasurable path .Era conosciuto come un **edonista**, scegliendo sempre il percorso più piacevole.

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iconoclast

[sostantivo]

a person who challenges or rejects established beliefs, customs, or values, often with the intent to provoke change or expose flaws

iconoclasta

Ex: The film 's director was hailed as an iconoclast for breaking genre rules .Il regista del film è stato acclamato come un **iconoclasta** per aver infranto le regole del genere.

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cynosure

[sostantivo]

something or someone that is the center of attraction or admiration

Il centro dell'attenzione, Il punto di ammirazione

Ex: The majestic mountain peak stood as the cynosure of the landscape , visible from miles away .La maestosa vetta della montagna si ergeva come il **cynosure** del paesaggio, visibile da miglia di distanza.

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sacred cow

[sostantivo]

an idea, custom, or institution considered immune from criticism or questioning

nessun luogo

Ex: Breaking a sacred cow often causes backlash but can lead to improvement .Rompere una **mucca sacra** spesso provoca reazioni negative ma può portare a un miglioramento.

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I'm from Missouri

[Frase]

used to express skepticism and demand proof before believing something

Ex: You can't fool me—I'm from Missouri until you prove it.

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interloper

[sostantivo]

a person who becomes involved in a place or situation where they are not wanted or do not belong

intruso, estraneo

Ex: She felt like an interloper at family gatherings after her parents divorced and her stepfamily took over traditions .**L'intruso** ha interrotto la riunione con consigli non richiesti.

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potentate

[sostantivo]

someone who rules over people and possesses absolute control and power

potentato

Ex: The potentate’s decisions were implemented without question , reflecting his total control over the government .Le decisioni del **potentato** furono implementate senza discussione, riflettendo il suo controllo totale sul governo.

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tyro

[sostantivo]

a beginner or novice in a particular field or activity

principiante, novizio

Ex: The theater company welcomed tyros interested in acting, providing training and guidance to help them develop their talent.La compagnia teatrale ha accolto **principianti** interessati alla recitazione, fornendo formazione e guida per aiutarli a sviluppare il loro talento.

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confidant

[sostantivo]

a person in whom one places trust and shares secrets or private thoughts and feelings

confidente, persona di fiducia

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dilettante

[sostantivo]

a person who has an interest in a particular subject but lacks determination or knowledge on the matter

dilettante, amatore

Ex: He dismissed critics who called him a dilettante, arguing that his varied interests enriched his life and allowed him to approach problems from different perspectives .Ha respinto i critici che lo definivano **dilettante**, sostenendo che i suoi molteplici interessi arricchissero la sua vita e gli permettessero di affrontare i problemi da diverse prospettive.

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nonentity

[sostantivo]

a person who lacks influence or importance in a particular setting or community

nullità

Ex: He was treated like a nonentity by the major players in the business world .È stato trattato come un **nessuno** dai principali attori del mondo degli affari.

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octogenarian

[sostantivo]

a person who is between 80 and 89 years old

ottuagenario, persona ottuagenaria

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amazon

[sostantivo]

a woman who is notably tall, strong, or forceful in character or behavior

amazzone, guerriera

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tutelary

[aggettivo]

providing guardianship, protection, or guidance, often in a supervisory or spiritual sense

tutelare, protettivo

Ex: His tutelary presence gave the children a sense of safety .La sua presenza **tutelare** dava ai bambini un senso di sicurezza.

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aspirant

[sostantivo]

an individual who actively seeks a role, title, or achievement, often with ambition and determination

aspirante

Ex: The aspirant dreamed of becoming a published author.**L'aspirante** sognava di diventare un autore pubblicato.

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vogue

[sostantivo]

the latest fashion trend or style of the time

moda

Ex: Vintage accessories have come back into vogue, adding a nostalgic touch to modern outfits .Gli accessori vintage sono tornati **di moda**, aggiungendo un tocco nostalgico agli outfit moderni.

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idiosyncrasy

[sostantivo]

an unusual or strange behavior, thought, or habit that is specific to one person

idiosincrasia

Ex: Her obsession with organizing books by color is a unique idiosyncrasy.La sua ossessione per organizzare i libri per colore è una **idiosincrasia** unica.

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orthodox

[aggettivo]

following established beliefs, traditions, or accepted standards

ortodosso

Ex: He held orthodox views on religious practices .Aveva opinioni **ortodosse** sulle pratiche religiose.

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to comport

[Verbo]

to act or behave in a particular way, often referring to personal manners, attitude, or bearing

comportarsi, agire

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penchant

[sostantivo]

a strong tendency to do something or a fondness for something

propensione

Ex: He has a penchant for wearing bright colors .Lui ha un **penchant** per indossare colori vivaci.

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propensity

[sostantivo]

a natural inclination to behave in a certain way or exhibit particular characteristics

propensione, tendenza

Ex: His propensity for punctuality earned him a reputation as a reliable employee .La sua **propensione** alla puntualità gli ha valso la reputazione di dipendente affidabile.

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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)

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