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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency) - Sociální Role a Archetypy

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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)
apologist
apologist
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who defends or justifies a belief, policy, or institution, often against criticism

obhájce, apologeta

obhájce, apologeta

Ex: He became an apologist for the government's controversial policies. 
confidante
confidante
[Podstatné jméno]

a woman trusted with someone's private thoughts, secrets, or personal matters

důvěrnice, blízká přítelkyně

důvěrnice, blízká přítelkyně

Ex: She was his closest confidante, the one he told everything to. 
conformist
conformist
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who goes along with majority opinions, religious norms, and cultural conventions without critical questioning

konformista, následovník

konformista, následovník

Ex: The student was labeled a conformist for always agreeing with the teacher without offering their own analysis or critique. 
coquette
coquette
[Podstatné jméno]

a woman who enjoys flirting or teasing romantic interest, often without intending a serious commitment

koketa

koketa

Ex: She was known as the town's coquette, charming every man she encountered with her playful demeanor. 
dissident
dissident
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who declares opposition to the government of one's country, knowing there is punishment for doing so

disident, odpůrce

disident, odpůrce

Ex: Andrei Sakharov was a prominent Soviet physicist who became a dissident due to his campaigns for political and civil rights. 
fledgling
fledgling
[Podstatné jméno]

a beginner or newcomer to a field or activity, still inexperienced

začátečník, nováček

začátečník, nováček

Ex: The fledgling musician played his first concert with shaky confidence. 
itinerant
itinerant
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a person) traveling from place to place, often for work or a specific purpose

putující, kočovný

putující, kočovný

Ex: Farmers often relied on itinerant laborers during the harvest season to ensure they had enough hands on deck. 
literati
literati
[Podstatné jméno]

intellectuals or well-educated people interested in literature and scholarly writing

literáti, intelektuálové

literáti, intelektuálové

Ex: The café was a popular meeting place for the city's literati. 
itinerant
itinerant
[Podstatné jméno]

a worker or laborer who travels from one place to another, usually to find temporary employment

putující dělník, sezónní dělník

putující dělník, sezónní dělník

Ex: The farm relied on itinerants during the harvest season. 
maverick
maverick
[Podstatné jméno]

an individual who thinks and behaves differently and independently

individualista, nekonformní

individualista, nekonformní

Ex: He was known as a maverick in the tech industry, always innovating. 
mendicant
mendicant
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who begs other people for food and money

žebrák, prosák

žebrák, prosák

Ex: The mendicant approached passersby, asking for spare change and food. 
neophyte
neophyte
[Podstatné jméno]

Someone who is just beginning to engage in a field, skill, or practice

nováček, začátečník

nováček, začátečník

Ex: The coding workshop welcomed neophytes with no prior experience. 
recluse
recluse
[Podstatné jméno]

an individual who lives by themselves and avoids all sorts of contact with other people

poustevník, samotář

poustevník, samotář

Ex: Deep in the forest, the hermit lived as a recluse for decades in a small cabin he built with his own hands. 
supplicant
supplicant
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who earnestly and respectfully asks for help, mercy, or favor, especially from a deity or higher authority

prosebník, žadatel

prosebník, žadatel

Ex: The supplicant knelt before the altar, whispering a silent plea. 
zealot
zealot
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who is fanatically committed to a cause, ideology, or belief, often with uncompromising intensity and willingness to act aggressively in its defense

fanatik, horlivec

fanatik, horlivec

Ex: The environmental zealot chained himself to the pipeline in protest. 
hedonist
hedonist
[Podstatné jméno]

an individual who acts according to the belief that pursuing pleasure is of the highest importance in life

hedonista

hedonista

Ex: The hedonist lived each day seeking out new experiences and pleasures. 
iconoclast
iconoclast
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who challenges or rejects established beliefs, customs, or values, often with the intent to provoke change or expose flaws

ikonoklasta, ničitel model

ikonoklasta, ničitel model

Ex: The philosopher was an iconoclast, questioning every moral assumption of his time. 
cynosure
cynosure
[Podstatné jméno]

something or someone that is the center of attraction or admiration

Střed pozornosti, Předmět obdivu

Střed pozornosti, Předmět obdivu

Ex: The actress was the cynosure of the evening, with everyone admiring her stunning gown. 
sacred cow
sacred cow
[Podstatné jméno]

an idea, custom, or institution considered immune from criticism or questioning

nedotknutelná modla, téma mimo kritiku

nedotknutelná modla, téma mimo kritiku

Ex: In that company, the founder's management style is a sacred cow. 
I'm from Missouri

used to express skepticism and demand proof before believing something

Ex: He promised the deal was solid, but I'm from Missouri—I need to see the contract. 
interloper
interloper
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who becomes involved in a place or situation where they are not wanted or do not belong

vetřelec, nezvaný host

vetřelec, nezvaný host

Ex: The locals saw the tourist as an interloper in their quiet village. 
potentate
potentate
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who rules over people and possesses absolute control and power

vládce, panovník

vládce, panovník

Ex: The ancient empire was ruled by a potentate who had control over every aspect of daily life. 
tyro
tyro
[Podstatné jméno]

a beginner or novice in a particular field or activity

začátečník, nováček

začátečník, nováček

Ex: As a tyro in the world of painting, she eagerly absorbed techniques and styles from experienced artists. 
confidant
confidant
[Podstatné jméno]

a person in whom one places trust and shares secrets or private thoughts and feelings

důvěrník, důvěryhodná osoba

důvěrník, důvěryhodná osoba

Ex: She was his closest confidant, knowing all his fears and hopes. 
dilettante
dilettante
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who has an interest in a particular subject but lacks determination or knowledge on the matter

dilettant, amatér

dilettant, amatér

Ex: He dabbled in painting but considered himself more of a dilettante than a serious artist, rarely devoting enough time to master the craft. 
nonentity
nonentity
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who lacks influence or importance in a particular setting or community

nula, osoba bez vlivu

nula, osoba bez vlivu

Ex: The critic dismissed the artist as a nonentity in the art community. 
octogenarian
octogenarian
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who is between 80 and 89 years old

osmdesátník, osoba ve věku od 80 do 89 let

osmdesátník, osoba ve věku od 80 do 89 let

Ex: The village celebrated the birthday of its oldest octogenarian. 
amazon
amazon
[Podstatné jméno]

a woman who is notably tall, strong, or forceful in character or behavior

amazonka, bojovnice

amazonka, bojovnice

Ex: The warrior queen was described as an amazon leading her army into battle. 
tutelary
tutelary
[Přídavné jméno]

providing guardianship, protection, or guidance, often in a supervisory or spiritual sense

ochranný, opatrovnický

ochranný, opatrovnický

Ex: The villagers believed the mountain had a tutelary spirit guarding them. 
aspirant
aspirant
[Podstatné jméno]

an individual who actively seeks a role, title, or achievement, often with ambition and determination

uchazeč, kandidát

uchazeč, kandidát

Ex: The aspirant trained for years to become a professional athlete. 
vogue
vogue
[Podstatné jméno]

the latest fashion trend or style of the time

móda, vogue

móda, vogue

Ex: The new clothing line quickly became the vogue among fashion enthusiasts. 
idiosyncrasy
idiosyncrasy
[Podstatné jméno]

an unusual or strange behavior, thought, or habit that is specific to one person

idiosynkrazie, zvláštnost

idiosynkrazie, zvláštnost

Ex: His constant humming while working is an idiosyncrasy of his. 
orthodox
orthodox
[Přídavné jméno]

following established beliefs, traditions, or accepted standards

ortodoxní, tradiční

ortodoxní, tradiční

Ex: The school required students to adhere to orthodox dress codes, including uniforms and modest attire. 
to comport
to comport
[sloveso]

to act or behave in a particular way, often referring to personal manners, attitude, or bearing

chovat se, jednat

chovat se, jednat

Ex: She always comports herself with grace in public. 
penchant
penchant
[Podstatné jméno]

a strong tendency to do something or a fondness for something

sklon

sklon

Ex: She has a penchant for making people laugh. 
propensity
propensity
[Podstatné jméno]

a natural inclination to behave in a certain way or exhibit particular characteristics

sklon, tendence

sklon, tendence

Ex: He has a propensity for taking risks, which makes him a successful entrepreneur. 
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