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Cambridge English : CPE (C2 Proficiency) - Rôles sociaux et archétypes

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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)

a person who defends or justifies a belief, policy, or institution, often against criticism

apologiste, défenseur

apologiste, défenseur

Ex: Historians sometimes act as apologists for past empires .Les historiens agissent parfois comme des **apologistes** pour les empires du passé.

a woman trusted with someone's private thoughts, secrets, or personal matters

confidente, intime

confidente, intime

Ex: Writers sometimes use diaries as a silent confidante.Les écrivains utilisent parfois les journaux intimes comme une **confidente** silencieuse.

a person who goes along with majority opinions, religious norms, and cultural conventions without critical questioning

conformiste

conformiste

Ex: During wartime , propaganda often portrayed the enemy as radical while one 's own citizens were patriotic conformists supporting the government .En temps de guerre, la propagande dépeignait souvent l'ennemi comme radical tandis que ses propres citoyens étaient des **conformistes** patriotes soutenant le gouvernement.

a woman who enjoys flirting or teasing romantic interest, often without intending a serious commitment

coquette, séductrice

coquette, séductrice

Ex: Though she enjoyed the company of men and the attention they showered upon her , the coquette remained independent and uninterested in settling down .Bien qu'elle ait apprécié la compagnie des hommes et l'attention qu'ils lui prodiguaient, la **coquette** est restée indépendante et sans intérêt à s'installer.

someone who declares opposition to the government of one's country, knowing there is punishment for doing so

dissident, dissidente

dissident, dissidente

Ex: He was known as a prominent dissident who advocated for democratic reforms .Il était connu comme un **dissident** éminent qui prônait des réformes démocratiques.

a beginner or newcomer to a field or activity, still inexperienced

novice, débutant

novice, débutant

Ex: As a fledgling writer , he often doubted his own ability .En tant qu'écrivain **novice**, il doutait souvent de sa propre capacité.
itinerant
[Adjectif]

(of a person) traveling from place to place, often for work or a specific purpose

itinérant

itinérant

Ex: The itinerant photographer captured scenes from different corners of the world .Le photographe **itinérant** a capturé des scènes de différents coins du monde.

intellectuals or well-educated people interested in literature and scholarly writing

lettrés

lettrés

Ex: As an aspiring writer , Jane dreamt of the day she would be considered part of the literati and invited to prestigious literary events .

a worker or laborer who travels from one place to another, usually to find temporary employment

travailleur itinérant, journalier ambulant

travailleur itinérant, journalier ambulant

an individual who thinks and behaves differently and independently

dissident, dissidente, non-conformiste

dissident, dissidente, non-conformiste

Ex: In a room full of followers , he stood out as the maverick.Dans une pièce pleine de suiveurs, il se distinguait comme le **franc-tireur**.

a person who begs other people for food and money

mendiant, mendiante

mendiant, mendiante

Ex: The film portrayed the life of a mendicant as both challenging and poignant .Le film dépeignait la vie d'un **mendiant** à la fois difficile et poignante.

Someone who is just beginning to engage in a field, skill, or practice

néophyte

néophyte

recluse
[nom]

an individual who lives by themselves and avoids all sorts of contact with other people

reclus, recluse, solitaire

reclus, recluse, solitaire

Ex: Her decision to live as a recluse was driven by a desire for personal reflection .Sa décision de vivre en **reclus** était motivée par un désir de réflexion personnelle.

a person who earnestly and respectfully asks for help, mercy, or favor, especially from a deity or higher authority

suppliant, implorant

suppliant, implorant

Ex: At her throne , she heard the pleas of the many supplicants requesting her mercy and favor .Le moine a accueilli chaque **suppliant** avec compassion et calme.
zealot
[nom]

a person who is fanatically committed to a cause, ideology, or belief, often with uncompromising intensity and willingness to act aggressively in its defense

zélote, fanatique

zélote, fanatique

Ex: The political zealot was known for his extreme views and unwavering commitment to his party 's agenda .Les **zélotes** politiques ont inondé les rues, exigeant un changement radical.

an individual who acts according to the belief that pursuing pleasure is of the highest importance in life

hédoniste

hédoniste

Ex: He was known as a hedonist, always choosing the most pleasurable path .Il était connu comme un **hédoniste**, choisissant toujours le chemin le plus agréable.

a person who challenges or rejects established beliefs, customs, or values, often with the intent to provoke change or expose flaws

iconoclaste

iconoclaste

Ex: The film 's director was hailed as an iconoclast for breaking genre rules .Le réalisateur du film a été salué comme un **iconoclaste** pour avoir brisé les règles du genre.

something or someone that is the center of attraction or admiration

point de mire

point de mire

Ex: The majestic mountain peak stood as the cynosure of the landscape , visible from miles away .Le sommet majestueux de la montagne se dressait comme le **cynosure** du paysage, visible à des kilomètres à la ronde.

an idea, custom, or institution considered immune from criticism or questioning

vache sacrée, tabou

vache sacrée, tabou

Ex: Breaking a sacred cow often causes backlash but can lead to improvement .Briser un **vache sacrée** provoque souvent un contrecoup mais peut conduire à une amélioration.

used to express skepticism and demand proof before believing something

Ex: You can't fool meI'm from Missouri until you prove it.

a person who becomes involved in a place or situation where they are not wanted or do not belong

intrus, intruse

intrus, intruse

Ex: She felt like an interloper at family gatherings after her parents divorced and her stepfamily took over traditions .**L'intrus** a perturbé la réunion avec des conseils non sollicités.

someone who rules over people and possesses absolute control and power

potentat

potentat

Ex: The potentate’s decisions were implemented without question , reflecting his total control over the government .Les décisions du **potentat** ont été mises en œuvre sans question, reflétant son contrôle total sur le gouvernement.
tyro
[nom]

a beginner or novice in a particular field or activity

débutant, novice, néophyte

débutant, novice, néophyte

Ex: The theater company welcomed tyros interested in acting, providing training and guidance to help them develop their talent.La compagnie de théâtre a accueilli des **débutants** intéressés par le jeu, offrant une formation et des conseils pour les aider à développer leur talent.

a person in whom one places trust and shares secrets or private thoughts and feelings

confident, confidente

confident, confidente

a person who has an interest in a particular subject but lacks determination or knowledge on the matter

dilettante

dilettante

Ex: He dismissed critics who called him a dilettante, arguing that his varied interests enriched his life and allowed him to approach problems from different perspectives .Il a rejeté les critiques qui le qualifiaient de **dilettante**, affirmant que ses intérêts variés enrichissaient sa vie et lui permettaient d'aborder les problèmes sous différents angles.

a person who lacks influence or importance in a particular setting or community

personne insignifiante

personne insignifiante

Ex: He was treated like a nonentity by the major players in the business world .Il a été traité comme un **non-entité** par les principaux acteurs du monde des affaires.

a person who is between 80 and 89 years old

octogénaire, personne octogénaire

octogénaire, personne octogénaire

amazon
[nom]

a woman who is notably tall, strong, or forceful in character or behavior

amazone, guerrière

amazone, guerrière

tutelary
[Adjectif]

providing guardianship, protection, or guidance, often in a supervisory or spiritual sense

tutélaire, protecteur

tutélaire, protecteur

Ex: His tutelary presence gave the children a sense of safety .Sa présence **tutélaire** donnait aux enfants un sentiment de sécurité.

an individual who actively seeks a role, title, or achievement, often with ambition and determination

aspirant, aspirante

aspirant, aspirante

Ex: The aspirant dreamed of becoming a published author.**L'aspirant** rêvait de devenir un auteur publié.
vogue
[nom]

the latest fashion trend or style of the time

vogue

vogue

Ex: Vintage accessories have come back into vogue, adding a nostalgic touch to modern outfits .Les accessoires vintage sont de retour **à la mode**, ajoutant une touche nostalgique aux tenues modernes.

an unusual or strange behavior, thought, or habit that is specific to one person

particularité, idiosyncrasie

particularité, idiosyncrasie

Ex: Her obsession with organizing books by color is a unique idiosyncrasy.Son obsession d'organiser les livres par couleur est une **idiosyncrasie** unique.
orthodox
[Adjectif]

following established beliefs, traditions, or accepted standards

conventionnel

conventionnel

Ex: He held orthodox views on religious practices .Il avait des opinions **orthodoxes** sur les pratiques religieuses.
to comport
[verbe]

to act or behave in a particular way, often referring to personal manners, attitude, or bearing

se comporter, se conduire

se comporter, se conduire

a strong tendency to do something or a fondness for something

penchant

penchant

Ex: He has a penchant for wearing bright colors .Il a un **penchant** pour porter des couleurs vives.

a natural inclination to behave in a certain way or exhibit particular characteristics

propension, inclination

propension, inclination

Ex: His propensity for punctuality earned him a reputation as a reliable employee .Sa **propension** à la ponctualité lui a valu une réputation d'employé fiable.
Cambridge English : CPE (C2 Proficiency)
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