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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency) - Prohibition & Prevention

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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)
to balk
to balk
[Verb]

to be reluctant to do something or allow it to happen, particularly because it is dangerous, difficult, or unpleasant

Ex: He balked at the idea of taking on such a risky project. 
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to forestall

to stop something from happening by acting ahead of time

Ex: She took painkillers to forestall a migraine. 
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to interdict

to forbid a specific action

Ex: The court decided to interdict the release of sensitive information to protect national security. 
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to obviate

to anticipate and act in a way that prevents a negative outcome from occurring

Ex: Regular maintenance obviates costly repairs down the line. 
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to occlude

to hide or conceal by covering or obstructing

Ex: The thick curtains were drawn to occlude the harsh sunlight. 
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to proscribe

to officially ban the existence or practice of something

Ex: The government decided to proscribe the use of certain chemicals due to environmental concerns. 
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to curtail

to place limits or boundaries on something to reduce its scope or size

Ex: Rising costs have led many companies to curtail benefits and perks for employees in recent years. 
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to preclude

to stop or prevent something from happening

Ex: Strict security measures in place preclude unauthorized entry into the restricted zone. 
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to stymie
to stymie
[Verb]

to prevent the occurrence or achievement of something

Ex: The unexpected technical issues stymied the team's efforts to launch the product on time. 
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to stint
to stint
[Verb]

to give, provide, or allow only a small or limited amount of something

Ex: The company stinted its employees on bonuses this year. 
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to constrict

to restrict the things someone can or wants to do

Ex: The strict rules constricted the students' freedom to express themselves creatively. 
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abstemious
abstemious
[Adjective]

avoiding too much consumption of alcoholic drinks or food

Ex: John is known for his abstemious lifestyle, opting for a balanced diet and moderate portions. 
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ascetic
ascetic
[noun]

a person who lives a strict life and avoids physical pleasures, particularly due to religious beliefs

Ex: As an ascetic, she rejected worldly comforts and dedicated herself entirely to prayer. 
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celibate
celibate
[Adjective]

refraining from participating in sexual relations or marriage

Ex: The monk took a vow of celibacy, committing himself to a life of celibate devotion to his faith. 
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chaste
chaste
[Adjective]

refraining from sexual activity outside of marriage or entirely

Ex: The monk lived a chaste life devoted to spiritual discipline. 
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to [draw] in {one's} horns

to become less aggressive or assertive

Ex: After the heated argument, he decided to draw in his horns to avoid escalating the conflict. 
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inhibition

an official order or rule that bans or forbids a specific action

Ex: The government issued an inhibition on the import of certain goods. 
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deterrent
deterrent
[noun]

a thing that reduces the chances of someone doing something because it makes them aware of its difficulties or consequences

Ex: Increased security measures serve as a deterrent to potential thieves. 
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to militate

to act as a powerful factor

Ex: The harsh climate militated against successful crop production. 
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hermetic
hermetic
[Adjective]

completely sealed against the entry or escape of air

Ex: The scientist stored the samples in hermetic containers to prevent contamination. 
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to avert
to avert
[Verb]

to redirect one's gaze or attention away from something or someone

Ex: Witnessing the accident, she quickly averted her eyes to avoid the distressing scene. 
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to preempt

to render a plan or action ineffective or unnecessary by doing something before it happens

Ex: The manager preempted the competitors by launching the product early. 
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