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Slovní zásoba pro IELTS Academic (Skóre 8-9) - Religion

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s náboženstvím, která jsou nezbytná pro akademickou zkoušku IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
gospel
gospel
[Podstatné jméno]

a set of teachings or principles of a religious group considered authoritative or generally accepted within that group

evangelium, nauka

evangelium, nauka

Ex: Followers adhere to the gospel of their faith. 
apostle
apostle
[Podstatné jméno]

any one of the twelve disciples of Jesus

apoštol

apoštol

Ex: Peter, also known as Simon Peter, was one of the apostles of Jesus and is often regarded as the leader among them. 
exorcism
exorcism
[Podstatné jméno]

the religious or spiritual practice of driving out evil spirits or entities from a person or place

exorcismus, osvobození

exorcismus, osvobození

Ex: The priest performed an exorcism to rid the house of spirits. 
sacrilege
sacrilege
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of disrespectfully treating a sacred item or place

svatokrádež, znesvěcení

svatokrádež, znesvěcení

Ex: Vandalizing a place of worship is considered a sacrilege by many religious communities. 
pantheism
pantheism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief that God and the universe are one and the same, considering the entire natural world as a divine expression of God

panteismus, víra

panteismus, víra

Ex: Some proponents of pantheism find solace and a sense of awe in contemplating the vastness and complexity of the universe. 
polytheism
polytheism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief in or worship of multiple gods or deities

polyteismus, víra v mnoho bohů

polyteismus, víra v mnoho bohů

Ex: Polytheism was a common religious belief in many ancient civilizations, such as ancient Greece, Rome, and Egypt, where various gods and goddesses were worshiped. 
purgatory
purgatory
[Podstatné jméno]

in certain Christian beliefs, a temporary state of purification for souls after death, preparing them for entry into heaven

očistec, stav očištění

očistec, stav očištění

Ex: In Catholic theology, believers may undergo purification in purgatory to achieve holiness before entering heaven. 
eschatology
eschatology
[Podstatné jméno]

the branch of theology concerned with the study of the end times, final events, and the ultimate destiny of humanity and the world

eschatologie, studium posledních časů

eschatologie, studium posledních časů

Ex: Eschatology in Christianity delves into beliefs about the Second Coming of Christ, the Last Judgment, and the establishment of a new heaven and earth. 
resurrection
resurrection
[Podstatné jméno]

the return to life of Christ on the third day after his death on the cross, according to the New Testament

vzkříšení, znovuzrození

vzkříšení, znovuzrození

Ex: Christians celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ on Easter Sunday, commemorating his victory over death and sin. 
sanctity
sanctity
[Podstatné jméno]

the state or quality of being sacred or morally pure

svatost, sakralita

svatost, sakralita

Ex: The sanctity of the temple was preserved through rituals and ceremonies that emphasized its holiness. 
commandment
commandment
[Podstatné jméno]

one of the biblical Ten Commandments, guiding ethical conduct in religious traditions

přikázání, nařízení

přikázání, nařízení

Ex: The Ten Commandments, given to Moses on Mount Sinai, include fundamental commandments like "You shall not murder" and "You shall not steal." 
creationism
creationism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief that the universe and living organisms originated through divine acts of creation, often differing from scientific explanations such as evolution

kreacionismus, doktrína stvoření

kreacionismus, doktrína stvoření

Ex: Creationism is a prominent perspective in some religious communities, influencing educational curricula and beliefs about human origins. 
deadly sin
deadly sin
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe or morally corrupting sin, traditionally one of seven sins in Christian theology, including lust, gluttony, greed, sloth, wrath, envy, and pride

smrtelný hřích

smrtelný hřích

Ex: Pride is considered a deadly sin, warning against excessive self-importance or arrogance. 
doomsday
doomsday
[Podstatné jméno]

a belief or prophecy predicting a catastrophic end to the world within religious traditions

soudný den, konec světa

soudný den, konec světa

Ex: In Christianity, doomsday is associated with the Second Coming of Christ and the final judgment. 
heresy
heresy
[Podstatné jméno]

a belief or opinion that contradicts the established doctrines of a religion

kacířství, hereze

kacířství, hereze

Ex: Galileo's support for heliocentrism was once considered heresy by the Church. 
millenarianism
millenarianism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief, in Christian eschatology, that Christ will reign on Earth for a thousand years as described in the Book of Revelation

milenarismus, chiliasmus

milenarismus, chiliasmus

Ex: The sect practiced millenarianism, expecting the imminent reign of Christ. 
paganism
paganism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief in or worship of multiple deities, often associated with nature, and typically not adhering to major world religions such as Christianity, Islam, or Judaism

pohanství, mnohobožství

pohanství, mnohobožství

Ex: Ancient civilizations practiced paganism, venerating a diverse array of nature gods and goddesses. 
predestination
predestination
[Podstatné jméno]

(in theology) the doctrine that all events, including human salvation or damnation, are determined in advance by God

predestinace, předurčený osud

predestinace, předurčený osud

Ex: Calvin's teachings emphasized predestination as a key element of faith. 
abbess
abbess
[Podstatné jméno]

the female head of an abbey, convent, or other religious houses of nuns

abatyše, matka představená

abatyše, matka představená

Ex: We elected Sister Margaret as our new abbess, recognizing her leadership qualities and dedication to the community. 
abbot
abbot
[Podstatné jméno]

the male spiritual leader and administrator of an abbey, monastery, or group of monasteries

opat, představený kláštera

opat, představený kláštera

Ex: Let us gather in the chapel to listen to the abbot's sermon, as his words always bring clarity and inspiration. 
bishop
bishop
[Podstatné jméno]

a high-ranking priest who supervises all the churches and priests in a city

biskup, prelát

biskup, prelát

Ex: The bishop presided over the ordination ceremony for the new priests in the diocese. 
rosary
rosary
[Podstatné jméno]

a set of beads used for counting prayers, especially in the Catholic tradition

růženec, modlitební korálky

růženec, modlitební korálky

Ex: During prayer, the devout Catholic gently fingers each bead on the rosary, reciting specific prayers in a prescribed order. 
providence
providence
[Podstatné jméno]

the divine guidance, care, and intervention of a higher power

prozřetelnost, božská prozřetelnost

prozřetelnost, božská prozřetelnost

Ex: The religious community attributed their survival in difficult times to the providence of God, believing in divine protection. 
sectarianism
sectarianism
[Podstatné jméno]

the intense devotion to a particular religious or political sect, often leading to prejudice or discrimination against members of other sects

sektářství, náboženský fanatismus

sektářství, náboženský fanatismus

Ex: Sectarianism has been a persistent challenge in regions marked by religious diversity, leading to tensions and conflicts between different religious communities. 
agnosticism
agnosticism
[Podstatné jméno]

uncertainty or lack of commitment regarding the existence of deities or the ability to know and comprehend the nature of ultimate reality

agnosticismus, agnosticismus

agnosticismus, agnosticismus

Ex: Agnosticism is marked by a humble acknowledgment that the existence of God or spiritual truths is uncertain and beyond definitive human understanding. 
apocalypse
apocalypse
[Podstatné jméno]

a catastrophic event, often with cosmic or divine origins, believed to cause widespread destruction or significant change in the world

apokalypsa, kataklyzma

apokalypsa, kataklyzma

Ex: Throughout history, various cultures have envisioned an apocalypse, a momentous event signaling the end of an era. 
theosophy
theosophy
[Podstatné jméno]

a religious and philosophical system that seeks to explore the mysteries of the divine and the nature of reality through a combination of spiritual insight, ancient wisdom, and esoteric teachings

teozofie

teozofie

Ex: Theosophy proposes a holistic understanding of spirituality, drawing inspiration from various religious and mystical traditions. 
pantheon
pantheon
[Podstatné jméno]

a monumental building dedicated to gods and goddesses

panteon, chrám bohů

panteon, chrám bohů

Ex: The Mayan civilization built impressive pantheons to honor their gods and ancestors. 
synagogue
synagogue
[Podstatné jméno]

a place of worship and religious study for Jews

synagoga, židovské místo uctívání

synagoga, židovské místo uctívání

Ex: The synagogue was beautifully decorated for the High Holidays, creating a warm and inviting atmosphere for worshippers. 
hermit
hermit
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who lives a very simple life in solitude as a religious practice

poustevník, samotář

poustevník, samotář

Ex: The hermit lived deep in the forest, away from the distractions of the world, devoting himself to prayer and meditation. 
chapel
chapel
[Podstatné jméno]

a small place for prayer or religious services that is separate from a main church or cathedral

kaple, modlitebna

kaple, modlitebna

Ex: The monks gathered in the chapel for morning prayers. 
consecration
consecration
[Podstatné jméno]

act or ceremony of declaring something sacred or dedicated to a divine purpose, particularly in Christianity

svěcení, posvěcení

svěcení, posvěcení

Ex: In certain religious traditions, the consecration of a bishop is a sacred ritual that marks the individual's appointment to a holy office within the church. 
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