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Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 8-9) - Psicología

Aquí, aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la Psicología que son necesarias para el examen académico IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
schizophrenia
schizophrenia
[Sustantivo]

a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality

esquizofrenia

esquizofrenia

neurosis
neurosis
[Sustantivo]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neurosis

neurosis

Ex: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common treatment for neurosis, helping individuals reframe negative thought patterns and reduce anxiety. 

La terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) es un tratamiento común para la neurosis, que ayuda a las personas a reformular patrones de pensamiento negativos y reducir la ansiedad.

dissociation
dissociation
[Sustantivo]

a psychological and neurological process involving a separation or disconnection of thoughts, memories, identity, or consciousness, often as a response to trauma or stress

disociación, desconexión

disociación, desconexión

Ex: Dissociation is commonly associated with conditions like dissociative identity disorder, where distinct personality states emerge. 

La disociación se asocia comúnmente con afecciones como el trastorno de identidad disociativo, donde emergen estados de personalidad distintos.

cognitive behavioral therapy

a psychotherapy that targets negative thoughts and behaviors to address mental health issues

terapia cognitivo-conductual, TCC

terapia cognitivo-conductual, TCC

Ex: Cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in treating a wide range of mental health conditions, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 

La terapia cognitivo-conductual es efectiva en el tratamiento de una amplia gama de condiciones de salud mental, incluyendo el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) y el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT).

psyche
psyche
[Sustantivo]

the immaterial or nonphysical aspect of a person

el alma, la psique

el alma, la psique

Ex: The healer focused on restoring the patient's psyche. 

El sanador se centró en restaurar la psique del paciente.

psychosis
psychosis
[Sustantivo]

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

psicosis

psicosis

Ex: Treatment for psychosis typically involves a combination of antipsychotic medications and psychotherapy to help manage symptoms and improve functioning. 

El tratamiento de la psicosis generalmente implica una combinación de medicamentos antipsicóticos y psicoterapia para ayudar a controlar los síntomas y mejorar el funcionamiento.

catharsis
catharsis
[Sustantivo]

(psychology) the process of relieving a complex by bringing it to consciousness and directly addressing it

catarsis

catarsis

Ex: After months of stress and anxiety, she found catharsis in painting, using art as an outlet for her feelings. 

Después de meses de estrés y ansiedad, encontró catarsis en la pintura, usando el arte como una salida para sus sentimientos.

body dysmorphic disorder

a psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

TDC

TDC

Ex: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is commonly used to treat body dysmorphic disorder, helping individuals challenge distorted beliefs about their looks and reduce compulsive behaviors. 

La terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) se utiliza comúnmente para tratar el trastorno dismórfico corporal, ayudando a las personas a desafiar creencias distorsionadas sobre su apariencia y reducir comportamientos compulsivos.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

TOC

TOC

Ex: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), particularly exposure and response prevention (ERP), is an effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder, helping patients confront their fears and reduce compulsive behaviors. 

La terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC), particularmente la prevención de exposición y respuesta (ERP), es un tratamiento efectivo para el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, que ayuda a los pacientes a enfrentar sus miedos y reducir los comportamientos compulsivos.

post-traumatic stress disorder

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

TEPT

TEPT

Ex: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) are effective treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder, helping individuals process and cope with their trauma. 

La terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) y la desensibilización y reprocesamiento por movimientos oculares (EMDR) son tratamientos efectivos para el trastorno de estrés postraumático, ayudando a las personas a procesar y afrontar su trauma.

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively

TDAH

TDAH

psychotic
psychotic
[Sustantivo]

someone who suffers from psychosis

psicótico

psicótico

borderline personality disorder

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

trastorno límite de la personalidad

trastorno límite de la personalidad

Ex: Treatment for borderline personality disorder often involves a combination of psychotherapy, such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and medication to help manage symptoms. 

El tratamiento para el trastorno límite de la personalidad a menudo implica una combinación de psicoterapia, como la terapia dialéctica conductual (TDC), y medicamentos para ayudar a controlar los síntomas.

dissociative identity disorder

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

trastorno de identidad disociativo

trastorno de identidad disociativo

Ex: Trauma, particularly in childhood, is often associated with the development of dissociative identity disorder, as a coping mechanism to escape from overwhelming or traumatic experiences. 

El trauma, particularmente en la infancia, a menudo se asocia con el desarrollo del trastorno de identidad disociativo, como un mecanismo de afrontamiento para escapar de experiencias abrumadoras o traumáticas.

coping mechanism
coping mechanism
[Sustantivo]

a strategy or behavior used to manage or counteract challenging emotions, thoughts, or situations

mecanismo de afrontamiento, estrategia de coping

mecanismo de afrontamiento, estrategia de coping

Ex: Social support from friends, family, or support groups can be a valuable coping mechanism for dealing with challenging life events or emotional difficulties. 

El apoyo social de amigos, familia o grupos de apoyo puede ser un mecanismo de afrontamiento valioso para lidiar con eventos de vida desafiantes o dificultades emocionales.

defense mechanism
defense mechanism
[Sustantivo]

an unconscious mental strategy individuals use to cope with anxiety, discomfort, or threatening emotions

mecanismo de defensa, mecanismo de protección

mecanismo de defensa, mecanismo de protección

Ex: Sublimation is a defense mechanism where individuals channel unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities. 

La sublimación es un mecanismo de defensa donde los individuos canalizan impulsos inaceptables en actividades socialmente aceptables.

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