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Corps - Le Système Immunitaire

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés au système immunitaire, tels que "anticorps", "basophile" et "lymphocyte".

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white blood cell

one of the many cells that protects the body against diseases

globule blanc

globule blanc

Ex: The doctor ordered a blood test to measure the patient's white blood cell count as part of the diagnostic process. 

Le médecin a ordonné une analyse de sang pour mesurer le nombre de globules blancs du patient dans le cadre du processus de diagnostic.

antibody

a protein produced by the immune system that recognizes and helps neutralize harmful substances such as bacteria and viruses

anticorps

anticorps

Ex: Blood tests can detect antibodies against the virus. 
antigen
antigen
[nom]

any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system

antigène

antigène

Ex: The blood test detects the presence of an antigen to diagnose infections. 

Le test sanguin détecte la présence d'un antigène pour diagnostiquer les infections.

basophil

a type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions and immune responses in the human body

basophile, granulocyte basophile

basophile, granulocyte basophile

lymphocyte

a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response, responsible for recognizing and destroying foreign invaders in the body

lymphocyte, globule blanc impliqué dans la réponse immunitaire

lymphocyte, globule blanc impliqué dans la réponse immunitaire

B lymphocyte

an immune cell that produces antibodies to help protect the body against infections

lymphocyte B, cellule B

lymphocyte B, cellule B

T lymphocyte

a type of white blood cell that plays a central role in the immune response by recognizing and attacking infected or abnormal cells

lymphocyte T, cellule T

lymphocyte T, cellule T

antigen-presenting cell

a type of immune cell that displays foreign antigens on its surface to activate other cells of the immune system, such as T cells and B cells, to mount an immune response against the pathogen

cellule présentatrice d'antigène

cellule présentatrice d'antigène

cytokine

a small protein that regulates immune responses and cell communication in the human body

cytokine, protéine de signalisation cellulaire

cytokine, protéine de signalisation cellulaire

monocyte

a type of white blood cell involved in immune responses and inflammation

monocyte

monocyte

memory B cell

an immune cell that can respond more quickly and effectively to a pathogen upon re-exposure

lymphocyte B mémoire, cellule B mémoire

lymphocyte B mémoire, cellule B mémoire

memory T cell

an immune cell that retains information about previously encountered pathogens to mount a quicker and more efficient immune response upon re-exposure

lymphocyte T mémoire, cellule T mémoire

lymphocyte T mémoire, cellule T mémoire

plasma cell

a mature B lymphocyte that secretes antibodies

plasmocyte, cellule plasmatique

plasmocyte, cellule plasmatique

dendritic cell

a type of immune cell that plays a critical role in presenting antigens to other immune cells, helping to initiate and regulate immune responses

cellule dendritique, cellule présentatrice d'antigène

cellule dendritique, cellule présentatrice d'antigène

granulocyte

a type of white blood cell characterized by cytoplasmic granules and involved in the body's immune response

granulocyte, leucocyte granuleux

granulocyte, leucocyte granuleux

human leukocyte antigen

a group of proteins that are found on the surface of cells and play a key role in the immune system recognition and response

antigène leucocytaire humain, système HLA

antigène leucocytaire humain, système HLA

cytotoxic t cell

a type of immune cell that can directly kill infected or abnormal cells in the body

cellule T cytotoxique

cellule T cytotoxique

helper T cell

a type of immune cell that plays a central role in coordinating and regulating immune responses

lymphocyte T auxiliaire, cellule T helper

lymphocyte T auxiliaire, cellule T helper

regulatory T cell

a type of immune cell that helps maintain immune balance and prevent excessive immune responses in the human body

lymphocyte T régulateur, cellule T régulatrice

lymphocyte T régulateur, cellule T régulatrice

major histocompatibility complex

a set of genes that help the immune system recognize and respond to foreign substances in the body by presenting them to immune cells for identification

complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité, CMH

complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité, CMH

macrophage

a type of white blood cell that engulfs and destroys foreign substances, pathogens, and cellular debris in the body

macrophage

macrophage

phagocyte

a type of immune cell in the human body that engulfs and eliminates pathogens and foreign particles through the process of phagocytosis

phagocyte, cellule phagocytaire

phagocyte, cellule phagocytaire

mast cell

a type of immune cell that releases chemical mediators involved in allergic reactions

mastocyte, cellule mastocytaire

mastocyte, cellule mastocytaire

neutrophil

a type of white blood cell that helps defend the body against bacterial infections by engulfing and destroying bacteria

neutrophile, granulocyte neutrophile

neutrophile, granulocyte neutrophile

leukocyte

a key component of the immune system responsible for defending the body against infections and diseases

leucocyte

leucocyte

myeloid-derived suppressor cell

a type of immune cell that has the ability to suppress immune responses, and they are often associated with pathological conditions such as cancer and inflammation

cellule suppressrice dérivée des myéloïdes, cellule myéloïde suppressrice

cellule suppressrice dérivée des myéloïdes, cellule myéloïde suppressrice

eosinophil

a specialized type of white blood cell found in the human body

éosinophile, granulocyte éosinophile

éosinophile, granulocyte éosinophile

natural killer cell

a type of immune cell that is capable of recognizing and destroying infected or cancerous cells in the body without prior sensitization or activation

cellule tueuse naturelle, lymphocyte NK

cellule tueuse naturelle, lymphocyte NK

adenoid
adenoid
[nom]

(usually plural) each of the pair of large lymphoid tissues high up in the throat and behind the nose that have to be removed if swollen

adénoïde

adénoïde

tonsil
tonsil
[nom]

(anatomy) each of the pair of lymphoid tissues in the pharynx at the side of the tongue root

amygdalite

amygdalite

spleen
spleen
[nom]

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

rate

rate

Ex: The spleen plays a crucial role in filtering blood, removing old or damaged red blood cells, and helping to fight infections. 

La rate joue un rôle crucial dans la filtration du sang, l'élimination des globules rouges vieux ou endommagés et la lutte contre les infections.

lymph node

a small organ in the lymphatic system that filters and traps foreign substances, helping to fight infections and support immune responses

ganglion lymphatique, nœud lymphatique

ganglion lymphatique, nœud lymphatique

macrocyte

an abnormally large red blood cell found in the bloodstream

macrocyte

macrocyte

microcyte

an abnormally small red blood cell that can indicate certain types of anemia or underlying health conditions

microcyte, globule rouge anormalement petit

microcyte, globule rouge anormalement petit

reticulocyte

an immature form of a red blood cell that indicates active blood cell production in the bone marrow

réticulocyte

réticulocyte

poikilocyte

an abnormally shaped red blood cell that deviates from the normal biconcave disc shape, often seen in certain blood disorders or pathologies

poikilocyte, globule rouge de forme anormale

poikilocyte, globule rouge de forme anormale

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