the sport or activity of climbing frozen waterfalls, ice-covered rock faces, or glaciers using specialized equipment like ice axes and crampons

冰攀岩, 冰雪攀爬
a style of climbing where climbers place their own protective gear as they climb instead of relying on pre-existing bolts

传统攀岩, 传统攀登
a style of rock climbing where climbers ascend without the use of ropes or protective gear

自由单攀, 无保护攀岩
a form of rock climbing that relies on permanent anchors for protection rather than traditional gear placement

运动攀岩, 体育攀岩
a form of rock climbing where climbers ascend cliffs above water without the use of ropes, relying on the water below for protection in case of a fall

深水攀岩, 深水独攀
a sport where athletes compete to climb artificial or natural rock structures within a specified time or without falling

竞赛攀岩, 比赛攀登
a style of rock climbing performed on small rock formations or artificial rock walls without the use of ropes or harnesses

抱石攀岩, 无绳攀岩
a style of climbing where the climber ascends a route while attaching the rope to protection points along the way, placing gear for safety

领攀, 领队攀岩
a competitive discipline where climbers ascend a standardized route as quickly as possible

速攀, 速度攀岩
a style of rock climbing where climbers use gear to assist their ascent by pulling or standing on equipment rather than relying solely on natural holds

辅助攀岩, 器械攀登
the practice of ascending a route using both ice tools and traditional rock climbing techniques

混合攀登, 复合攀登
the act of climbing on artificial walls using ropes and harnesses for safety and training

室内攀岩, 室内登山
a style of climbing that involves ascending a rock face in multiple stages, with each stage requiring a separate rope length

多段攀登, 多攀爬
(climbing) the most challenging or difficult part of a route or climb

关键点, 难点
to successfully complete a climbing route from start to finish without falling or resting on the rope, typically after multiple attempts

成功完成攀岩路线, 无绳攀登
(climbing) to successfully complete a route on the first attempt without any prior knowledge or information about the route's challenges

首次尝试成功攀登, 首次无预先信息成功攀登
(climbing) to successfully complete a route on the first attempt, typically without prior knowledge or practice

首次成功攀登, 一次性征服
(climbing) to use the friction of one's shoe against the rock surface to gain traction and support

抹蹭, 摩擦
a climbing technique that involves using opposing pressure between two surfaces to ascend without relying on handholds

撑爬, 对压攀登
a climbing technique where climbers use the edges of their shoes to stand on small footholds

边缘技艺, 边缘攀爬
a grip in climbing where the climber pulls outward with their hand turned thumb-down and palm facing inward

加斯顿, 握住
a climbing technique where the climber uses their heel on a hold to pull their body upward or secure a position

脚跟勾, 跟钩
