ACT 人文学科 - 历史与考古学

the period between the 14th and 16th centuries in Europe, marked by a rise of interest in Greek and Roman cultures, which is dominant in the art, philosophy, etc. of the times

文艺复兴

an ancient region located in the eastern Mediterranean, primarily within modern-day Iraq, and parts of Iran, Syria, and Turkey

美索不达米亚

a small, flat piece of clay that has been molded and hardened, typically used as a medium for writing or inscribing information in ancient civilizations

泥板, 陶板

a person who writes copies of documents by hand

抄写员, 写手

to exist or occur at an earlier time than something else

在...之前存在, 提前存在

related to or inherited from one's ancestors

祖先的, 遗传的

belonging to the current era

当代的, 现代的

an underground burial place with tunnels and chambers for tombs or graves

地下墓穴

a system of writing used in ancient Egypt, consisting of pictorial symbols or characters that represent objects, ideas, or sounds, and were commonly used for inscriptions on temple walls, tombs, and other monumental structures

象形文字

the study of family lineages and the history of descent

家谱

the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

古代, 古文明

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

时代, 纪元

related or belonging to a period of history that is long gone

古代的, 陈旧的

a place or building that is historically important

纪念碑, 历史建筑

an object or part of an object surviving from the past, typically with historical or emotional value, often linked to a person, event, or era

遗物, 历史物品

to preserve a dead body by treating it with chemicals or natural substances to prevent decay

制成木乃伊, 进行木乃伊化

relating to the period of time before the widespread adoption of industrial processes and technologies

前工业的, 工业化之前的

the origin or source of a particular thing

来源, 起源

a person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites

考古学家

a method used by scientists to determine the age of organic materials by measuring the amount of carbon-14 they contain

放射性碳定年, 碳-14测年

a prehistoric period characterized by the development of the first stone tools, spanning from about 2.5 million years ago to around 10,000 years ago

旧石器时代

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

史前的, 古代的

to uncover or expose by digging, especially to reveal buried artifacts, structures, or remains

挖掘, 探掘

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

人工制品, 文物

a person who advocates or works to protect and maintain natural, historical, or cultural resources from decay, destruction, or neglect

保护主义者, 保存者

a scientist who studies fossils and ancient life forms to understand the history of life on earth

古生物学家, 化石科学家

a specialist who studies and develops systems for secure communication and information protection

密码学家

a scientist who studies ancient life forms, their evolution, behaviors, habitats, and interactions with the environment through the analysis of fossils and other remnants of past life

古生物学家

a scholar or researcher who specializes in the study of the Middle Ages

中世纪学者

the ancient practice of trying to turn common metals into gold

炼金术