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Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Doubt and Certainty

Here you will learn some English words about doubt and certainty, such as "cinch", "scruple", "decisive", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
to admit of

to let something happen or exist

Ex: The contract should admit of renegotiation if necessary .
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to cinch
to cinch
[Verb]

to secure, guarantee, or make certain of something

Ex: The team cinched the championship by winning the final game .
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to divine
to divine
[Verb]

to guess or deduce information using intuition or an inexplicable sense of inner knowledge

Ex: It was impossible to explain how she divined the correct solution so quickly .
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to guesstimate

to estimate something by calculating and guessing

Ex: They have been guesstimating the budget for the upcoming year .
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to hazard
to hazard
[Verb]

to state an opinion, guess, suggestion, etc. even though there are chances of one being wrong

Ex: The scientist decided to hazard a theory on the cause of the anomaly .
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to scruple

to hesitate or be dubious about doing something that one thinks might be wrong or immoral

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to surmise

to come to a conclusion without enough evidence

Ex: After receiving vague responses , she surmised that there might be issues with the communication channels .
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to warrant

to give good reasons to justify a particular action

Ex: The unusual symptoms warranted a visit to the doctor .
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axiomatic
axiomatic
[Adjective]

clearly true and requiring no explanation

Ex: His loyalty was axiomatic to everyone who knew him .
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ambiguous
ambiguous
[Adjective]

having more than one possible meaning or interpretation

Ex: The lawyer pointed out the ambiguous clause in the contract , suggesting it could be interpreted in more than one way .
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apocryphal
apocryphal
[Adjective]

(of a statement or story) unlikely to be authentic, even though it is widely believed to be true

Ex: The apocryphal nature of the urban legend became clear when researchers debunked it .
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bewildered
bewildered
[Adjective]

experiencing confusion

Ex: As the magician performed his tricks , the audience watched in bewildered amazement , struggling to figure out how he did it .
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categorical
categorical
[Adjective]

without a doubt

Ex: She gave a categorical refusal to the proposal , leaving no room for negotiation .
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cliffhanging
cliffhanging
[Adjective]

(of a situation, movie, etc.) having an unclear ending that makes it enticing

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decisive
decisive
[Adjective]

(of a person) able to make clear, firm decisions quickly, especially in challenging situations

Ex: A decisive person knows when to act and is never swayed by indecision or doubt .
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dogmatic
dogmatic
[Adjective]

convinced that everything one believes in is true and others are wrong

Ex: After years of experience , he had become less dogmatic and more open to others ' opinions .
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equivocal
equivocal
[Adjective]

having two or more possible meanings

Ex: The contract 's terms were intentionally equivocal, causing confusion among the parties .
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halting
halting
[Adjective]

acting or talking with hesitation due to uncertainty or lack of confidence

Ex: She spoke in a halting manner, pausing frequently as she searched for her thoughts.
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incontrovertible
incontrovertible
[Adjective]

true in a way that leaves no room for denial or disagreement

Ex: The scientist presented incontrovertible data that confirmed the experiment 's results .
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reputed
reputed
[Adjective]

considered to be a certain way, though not necessarily confirmed

Ex: That island is reputed to be cursed, though no one knows for sure.
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robust
robust
[Adjective]

remaining strong and effective even when facing challenges or difficulties

Ex: The robust response from the community helped prevent the closure of the local library .
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wavering
wavering
[Adjective]

unable to decide between two opinions, possibilities, etc.

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buoyancy
buoyancy
[noun]

a feeling of hopefulness and confidence that makes one remain cheerful, especially in sad or unpleasant situations

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certitude
certitude
[noun]

the feeling of complete certainty

Ex: The leader acted with certitude, reassuring the team about the project 's future .
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conjecture

an idea that is based on guesswork and not facts

Ex: The author presented a conjecture about historical events in her latest book .
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diffidence

shyness due to a lack of confidence in oneself

Ex: Despite his talent , his diffidence prevented him from auditioning for the lead role .
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educated guess

a guess that is made according to one's experience or knowledge thus is more likely to be true

Ex: Using historical data , the analyst made an educated guess on future sales .
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foregone conclusion

something that is assumed to be true or already decided upon before any evidence or arguments are presented

Ex: His dedicated training and hard work made it a foregone conclusion that he would set a new world record in the sport .
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plight
plight
[noun]

an unpleasant, sad, or difficult situation

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quandary
quandary
[noun]

a state of uncertainty about what decision to make in a challenging situation

Ex: I 'm in a quandary — both options seem equally risky .
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vagueness
vagueness
[noun]

the lack of clear expression, knowing, describing, or decision

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