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Cambridge IELTS 15 - Academic - Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2

Learn vocabulary from Cambridge IELTS 15 Academic, Test 1 Reading Passage 2, and review useful words and expressions from this reading text.

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Cambridge IELTS 15 - Academic
automotive
automotive
[Adjective]

related to the design, development, and maintenance of cars and other vehicles

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to adapt
to adapt
[Verb]

to adjust oneself to fit into a new environment or situation

Ex: After moving abroad, he had to quickly adapt to the local culture. 
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automation

the use of machines and computers in a production process that was formerly operated by people

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implementation

the act of accomplishing some aim or executing some order

Ex: Implementation of the safety program begins next month. 
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reliability

the level to which something or someone can be counted on

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flexibility

the ability to change or adjust easily or quickly to different conditions and situations

Ex: The teacher's flexibility in adapting lesson plans to meet the diverse needs of students ensured an inclusive learning environment. 
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contribution

someone or something's role in achieving a specific result, particularly a positive one

Ex: Employees are rewarded based on their individual contributions to the company's success. 
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assistance

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

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to gather
to gather
[Verb]

to gradually increase in speed, strength, or intensity

Ex: The wind began to gather strength as the storm approached. 
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to cite
to cite
[Verb]

to refer to something as an example or proof

Ex: The lawyer cited similar court cases to argue for his client's innocence. 
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motive
motive
[noun]

a reason or purpose behind someone's actions or behavior

Ex: Revenge was suspected as the motive for the vandalism. 
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to demonstrate

to show clearly that something is true or exists by providing proof or evidence

Ex: The scientist demonstrated the effectiveness of the new drug through a series of experiments. 
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collision
collision
[noun]

an accident that occurs when two or more objects, often in motion, come into violent contact with each other, resulting in damage or destruction

Ex: The collision between the two cars resulted in significant damage to both vehicles. 
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incidence
incidence
[noun]

the rate or frequency at which something happens or occurs

Ex: Schools in the region reported a lower incidence of bullying after implementing new programs. 
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to socialize

to interact and spend time with people

Ex: Introverts may find it challenging to socialize in large groups. 
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proportion

the result obtained when one quantity considered in relation to the whole

Ex: The recipe requires a precise proportion of flour to sugar for the cake to turn out perfectly. 
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institute
institute
[noun]

an organization focused on a specific field of study or training, offering programs and services related to science, technology, medicine, business, or the arts

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to investigate

to examine something scientifically, typically to discover facts or evidence

Ex: The researchers will investigate the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems. 
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modeling
modeling
[noun]

the practice of making something on a smaller scale

Ex: He spent hours modeling a detailed replica of an ancient Roman city for his history project. 
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mileage
mileage
[noun]

distance measured in miles

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intensively
intensively
[Adverb]

in a highly thorough, detailed, or forceful manner

Ex: She researched the topic intensively before writing the article. 
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to prompt
to prompt
[Verb]

to make something happen

Ex: The news of the imminent hurricane prompted widespread evacuation efforts in coastal regions. 
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to tend
to tend
[Verb]

to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

Ex: Some plants tend to thrive in direct sunlight, while others prefer shade. 
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provider
provider
[noun]

a person, company, or organization that offers goods or services to customers

Ex: The company is a leading provider of software solutions. 
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compromise

a middle state between two opposing situations that is reached by slightly changing both of them, so that they can coexist

Ex: They reached a compromise by agreeing to share responsibilities equally. 
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unoccupied
unoccupied
[Adjective]

describing a state or condition in which a space or property is not being used, inhabited, or occupied by individuals

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to boost
to boost
[Verb]

to increase or enhance the amount, level, or intensity of something

Ex: Drinking a cup of coffee in the morning can boost your energy levels. 
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specialized
specialized
[Adjective]

made or designed for a specific function

Ex: The specialized equipment used by surgeons is designed for precision and accuracy during delicate procedures. 
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exceptional
exceptional
[Adjective]

significantly better or greater than what is typical or expected

Ex: The pianist's performance was exceptional, leaving the audience in awe. 
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hurdle
hurdle
[noun]

a difficulty or problem that must be overcome in order to achieve something

Ex: The biggest hurdle for the startup was securing enough funding to launch their product. 
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to overcome

to succeed in solving, controlling, or dealing with something difficult

Ex: She overcame obstacles in her career by demonstrating resilience and determination. 
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infinite
infinite
[Adjective]

without end or limits in extent, amount, or space

Ex: The universe is believed to be infinite in size, with no discernible boundaries. 
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to encounter

to be faced with an unexpected difficulty during a process

Ex: The team encountered unexpected challenges while implementing the new software. 
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regulatory
regulatory
[Adjective]

creating and enforcing rules or regulations to control or govern a particular activity or industry

Ex: Compliance with regulatory requirements is essential for businesses operating in the financial sector. 
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liability
liability
[noun]

the state of being legally obliged and responsible

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enforcement

the action of making people obey a law or regulation

Ex: The police department is responsible for the enforcement of traffic laws in the city. 
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operation
operation
[noun]

the activity of operating something (a machine or business etc.)

Ex: The safe operation of the machine requires proper training. 
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societal
societal
[Adjective]

related to or characteristic of society and its members as a whole

Ex: The societal norms of the time influenced people's behavior and attitudes. 
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to address

to think about a problem or an issue and start to deal with it

Ex: The company needs to address the issue of employee turnover. 
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robust
robust
[Adjective]

remaining strong and effective even when facing challenges or difficulties

Ex: The CEO's robust leadership style transformed the struggling company into an industry leader within a few years. 
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targeted
targeted
[Adjective]

focused or directed toward a specific goal, objective, or audience

Ex: The company launched a targeted advertising campaign to reach potential customers in specific demographics. 
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to conquer

to overcome a challenge or obstacle

Ex: She conquered the challenges in her career through perseverance and hard work. 
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association

the mental connection or link between ideas, memories, or images

Ex: The smell of fresh bread brings an association with childhood memories. 
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virtual reality

an artificial environment generated by a computer that makes the user think what they are seeing or hearing is real, by using a special headphone and a helmet that displays the generated environment

Ex: Virtual reality allows users to explore immersive 3D worlds. 
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concrete
concrete
[Adjective]

according to facts instead of opinions

Ex: In scientific research, it is crucial to provide concrete evidence to support hypotheses and conclusions. 
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vital
vital
[Adjective]

absolutely necessary and of great importance

Ex: Adequate hydration is vital for maintaining overall health. 
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estimate
estimate
[noun]

a judgment or calculation of the size, extent, value, etc. of something without knowing the exact details or numbers

Ex: The contractor provided an estimate for the cost of renovating the kitchen. 
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figure
figure
[noun]

a symbol that represents any number between 0 and 9

Ex: In mathematics, figures are used to express numerical values. 
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scheme
scheme
[noun]

an organized and carefully planned course of action

Ex: The company launched a scheme to expand internationally. 
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according to
according to
[preposition]

in regard to what someone has said or written

Ex: According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. 
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considerable
considerable
[Adjective]

large in quantity, extent, or degree

Ex: The project required a considerable amount of funding to cover all expenses and ensure its success. 
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pollution
pollution
[noun]

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

Ex: The pollution in the lake has made the water toxic to fish and plants. 
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transition

the process or period of changing from one state, place, or condition to another

Ex: The transition from winter to spring is often unpredictable. 
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conventional
conventional
[Adjective]

generally accepted and followed by many people

Ex: In many cultures, it is conventional for brides to wear white dresses on their wedding day. 
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to compensate

to make up for losses or deficiencies by providing something of equal value or benefit

Ex: The company compensated for the delay in delivery by offering a discount to customers. 
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redundant
redundant
[Adjective]

no longer employed because there is no more work available or the position is no longer necessary

Ex: They offered training programs to help redundant workers find new jobs. 
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infrastructure

the physical and organizational assets, such as roads, bridges, utilities, and public services, that support economic activity and daily life

Ex: The government invested billions in rebuilding the nation's aging infrastructure. 
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turnover
turnover
[noun]

the speed at which products in a store are sold and replaced within a time frame

Ex: The store has a high turnover because it sells fresh food quickly. 
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landscape
landscape
[noun]

a broad or comprehensive mental perspective or view

Ex: The scholar had a wide landscape of philosophical ideas. 
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telepresence

technology that allows people to control devices or join events from a distance by creating a realistic virtual experience

Ex: Engineers use telepresence to operate machines in dangerous places. 
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mobility
mobility
[noun]

the ability to move easily or be freely moved from one place, job, etc. to another

Ex: Mobility in the workforce allows employees to find new job opportunities across industries. 
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disabled
disabled
[Adjective]

completely or partial inability to use a part of one's body or mind, caused by an illness, injury, etc.

Ex: He uses a wheelchair to get around because he is disabled. 
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autonomy
autonomy
[noun]

the capacity to act independently and make decisions without undue influence

Ex: She sought autonomy in organizing her daily routine. 
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implication

a possible consequence that something can bring about

Ex: His decision to cut costs has serious implications for employee morale. 
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initiative

the willingness to take action and start new things without being prompted or directed

Ex: Her initiative in organizing the event impressed everyone. 
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viable
viable
[Adjective]

having the ability to be executed or done successfully

Ex: Starting a small business seems viable given the current market conditions. 
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