automotive
[adjective]
related to the design, development, and maintenance of cars and other vehicles
Cambridge IELTS 15 - Academic - Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2
Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2 in the Cambridge IELTS 15 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.
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to adapt
[verb]
to adjust oneself to fit into a new environment or situation
Ex:
It
takes
time
to
adapt
to
the
changes
in
your
daily
routine
.
automation
[noun]
the use of machines and computers in a production process that was formerly operated by people
implementation
[noun]
the act of implementing (providing a practical means for accomplishing something); carrying into effect
flexibility
[noun]
the ability to change or adjust easily or quickly to different conditions and situations
Ex:
The
teacher
's
flexibility
in
adapting
lesson plans
to
meet
the
diverse
needs
of
students
ensured
an
inclusive
learning
environment
.
contribution
[noun]
someone or something's role in achieving a specific result, particularly a positive one
Ex:
Students
are
assessed
on
the
contributions
they
make
to
classroom
discussions
and
projects
.
assistance
[noun]
a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do
to gather
[verb]
to gradually increase in speed, strength, or intensity
Ex:
The
rain
started
to
gather
force
,
turning into
a
heavy
downpour
.
to cite
[verb]
to refer to something as an example or proof
Ex:
The
author
cited
literary works
to
demonstrate
the
evolution
of
the
genre
.
motive
[noun]
a reason or purpose behind someone's actions or behavior
Ex:
His
motive
for
quitting
the
job
was
to
pursue
a
better
opportunity
.
to demonstrate
[verb]
to show clearly that something is true or exists by providing proof or evidence
Ex:
They
demonstrated
their
commitment
to
the
project
by
completing
it
on time
.
collision
[noun]
an accident that occurs when two or more objects, often in motion, come into violent contact with each other, resulting in damage or destruction
Ex:
He
was
injured
in
a
collision
when
his
bike
hit
a
parked
car
.
incidence
[noun]
the rate or frequency at which something happens or occurs
Ex:
Schools
in
the
region
reported
a
lower
incidence
of
bullying
after
implementing
new
programs
.
to socialize
[verb]
to interact and spend time with people
Ex:
Friends
frequently
socialize
at
cafes
or
restaurants
to
catch up
and
enjoy
each other
's
company
.
proportion
[noun]
the result obtained when one quantity considered in relation to the whole
Ex:
They
discussed
the
proportion
of
profits
that
would
be
reinvested
into
the
company
.
institute
[noun]
an organization focused on a specific field of study or training, offering programs and services related to science, technology, medicine, business, or the arts
to investigate
[verb]
to examine something scientifically, typically to discover facts or evidence
Ex:
The
government agency
will
investigate
the
safety
of
a
new
medication
before
approving
it
for
public
use
.
modeling
[noun]
the practice of making something on a smaller scale
Ex:
The
architect
used
3D
modeling
to
create
a
miniature
version
of
the
proposed
building
.
intensively
[adverb]
in a highly thorough, detailed, or forceful manner
Ex:
The
therapy
is
designed
to
treat
trauma
intensively
and
effectively
.
to prompt
[verb]
to make something happen
Ex:
The
unexpected
resignation
of
the
CEO
prompted
a
reevaluation
of
the
company
's
leadership
structure
.
to tend
[verb]
to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern
Ex:
Historical
patterns
suggest
that
economic
downturns
tend
to
lead
to
increased
unemployment
.
provider
[noun]
a person, company, or organization that offers goods or services to customers
Ex:
Many
providers
offer
discounts
during
the
holiday season
.
compromise
[noun]
a middle state between two opposing situations that is reached by slightly changing both of them, so that they can coexist
Ex:
After hours
of
debate
,
the
committee
settled on
a
compromise
that
satisfied
both
parties
.
unoccupied
[adjective]
describing a state or condition in which a space or property is not being used, inhabited, or occupied by individuals
to boost
[verb]
to increase or enhance the amount, level, or intensity of something
Ex:
Adding
fertilizer
to
the
soil
can
boost
the
growth
of
plants
and
flowers
.
specialized
[adjective]
made or designed for a specific function
Ex:
The
company
offers
specialized
software
for
accounting
professionals
,
optimized
for
managing
financial
data
.
exceptional
[adjective]
significantly better or greater than what is typical or expected
Ex:
The
restaurant
is
known
for
its
exceptional
service
and
delectable
cuisine
.
hurdle
[noun]
a difficulty or problem that must be overcome in order to achieve something
Ex:
Despite
the
language barrier
,
she
managed
to
overcome
this
hurdle
and
excel
in
her
new
job
.
to overcome
[verb]
to succeed in solving, controlling, or dealing with something difficult
Ex:
Teams
overcome
project
challenges
by
collaborating
and
finding
innovative
solutions
.
infinite
[adjective]
without end or limits in extent, amount, or space
Ex:
Space
is
often
described
as
infinite
,
with
no
boundaries
or
limits
to
its
vastness
.
to encounter
[verb]
to be faced with an unexpected difficulty during a process
Ex:
Engineers
often
encounter
unforeseen
issues
during
the
construction
phase
of
a
project
.
regulatory
[adjective]
creating and enforcing rules or regulations to control or govern a particular activity or industry
Ex:
The
regulatory
approval
process
for
new
drugs
involves
rigorous
testing
to
assess
their
safety
and
efficacy
.
enforcement
[noun]
the action of making people obey a law or regulation
Ex:
The
enforcement
of
international
treaties
requires
cooperation
among
nations
.
societal
[adjective]
related to or characteristic of society and its members as a whole
Ex:
The
government
's
policies
have
a
significant
impact
on
societal
well-being
.
to address
[verb]
to think about a problem or an issue and start to deal with it
Ex:
The
government
must
address
the
rising
unemployment rate
.
robust
[adjective]
remaining strong and effective even when facing challenges or difficulties
Ex:
The
theories
have
been
tested
in
robust
ways
.
targeted
[adjective]
focused or directed toward a specific goal, objective, or audience
Ex:
The
training program
offers
targeted
exercises
to
address
weaknesses
and
improve
performance
.
to conquer
[verb]
to overcome a challenge or obstacle
Ex:
Leaders
aim
to
conquer
adversity
by
guiding
their
teams
through
difficult
situations
.
association
[noun]
the mental connection or link between ideas, memories, or images
Ex:
The
photograph
evoked
an
association
with
their
last
vacation
.
virtual reality
[noun]
an artificial environment generated by a computer that makes the user think what they are seeing or hearing is real, by using a special headphone and a helmet that displays the generated environment
Ex:
She
put on
the
virtual reality
headset
to
start
the
simulation
.
concrete
[adjective]
according to facts instead of opinions
Ex:
The
company
's
decision-making
process
is
based on
concrete
data
and
market
analysis
rather than
speculation
.
vital
[adjective]
absolutely necessary and of great importance
Ex:
Oxygen
is
vital
for
sustaining
life
.
estimate
[noun]
a judgment or calculation of the size, extent, value, etc. of something without knowing the exact details or numbers
Ex:
The
scientist
gave
an
estimate
of
the
time
it
would
take
to
complete
the
research
.
figure
[noun]
a symbol that represents any number between 0 and 9
Ex:
She
wrote down
the
figures
for
the
monthly
expenses
.
according to
[preposition]
in regard to what someone has said or written
Ex:
The
book
,
according to
the
author
,
offers
a
unique
perspective
on
the
subject
.
considerable
[adjective]
large in quantity, extent, or degree
Ex:
The
storm
left
a
considerable
amount
of
debris
scattered
across
the
neighborhood
.
pollution
[noun]
a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous
Ex:
Due to
the
severe
pollution
,
many
species
of
birds
no longer
visit
the
area
.
transition
[noun]
the process or period of changing from one state, place, or condition to another
Ex:
The
country
is
undergoing
a
political
transition
after
the
election
.
conventional
[adjective]
generally accepted and followed by many people
Ex:
Sending
thank-you
cards
after
receiving
gifts
is
considered
conventional
etiquette
.
to compensate
[verb]
to make up for losses or deficiencies by providing something of equal value or benefit
Ex:
She
compensated
for
the
decline
in
sales
by
launching
a
new
marketing campaign
.
redundant
[adjective]
no longer employed because there is no more work available or the position is no longer necessary
Ex:
Many
redundant
staff members
were
given
severance
packages
.
infrastructure
[noun]
the physical and organizational assets, such as roads, bridges, utilities, and public services, that support economic activity and daily life
Ex:
The
city
's
infrastructure
includes
highways
,
water systems
,
and
public transit
.
turnover
[noun]
the speed at which products in a store are sold and replaced within a time frame
Ex:
Low
turnover
means
the
goods
are
not
selling
as
fast
as
expected
.
landscape
[noun]
a broad or comprehensive mental perspective or view
Ex:
She
considered
the
landscape
of
human
emotions
in
her
study
.
telepresence
[noun]
technology that allows people to control devices or join events from a distance by creating a realistic virtual experience
Ex:
mobility
[noun]
the ability to move easily or be freely moved from one place, job, etc. to another
Ex:
The
city
's
mobility
infrastructure
includes
well-connected
public transportation
options
.
disabled
[adjective]
completely or partial inability to use a part of one's body or mind, caused by an illness, injury, etc.
Ex:
The
disabled
veteran
is
honored
for
their
service
and
sacrifice
.
autonomy
[noun]
the capacity to act independently and make decisions without undue influence
Ex:
Teenagers
often
assert
autonomy
when
making
personal
choices
.
implication
[noun]
a possible consequence that something can bring about
Ex:
The
report
highlighted
the
implications
of
climate change
for
future
generations
.
initiative
[noun]
the willingness to take action and start new things without being prompted or directed
Ex:
viable
[adjective]
having the ability to be executed or done successfully
Ex:
Switching
to
renewable energy
sources
is
a
viable
solution
to
combat
climate change
.