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Cambridge IELTS 15 - Academic - Test 1 - Reading - Passage 3

Learn vocabulary from Cambridge IELTS 15 Academic, Test 1 Reading Passage 3, and review useful words and expressions from this reading text.

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Cambridge IELTS 15 - Academic
indeed
indeed
[Adverb]

used to emphasize or confirm a statement

Ex: She did indeed finish the project ahead of schedule. 
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to slump
to slump
[Verb]

to fall, sit, or sink down heavily, often because of exhaustion, weakness, or disappointment

Ex: Emma slumped into the chair after the exhausting hike. 
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to grunt
to grunt
[Verb]

(of a person) to utter a few words in a rough or nonchalant voice, especially when one does not want to talk extensively

Ex: "Pass me the wrench," he grunted, not looking up from his work. 
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wildebeest

a large African antelope characterized by its distinctive appearance with a stocky body

Ex: The wildebeest migrates across the African plains in large herds. 
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yonder
yonder
[Adverb]

(Southern US) at some distance in a specified direction

Ex: Look over yonder by the barn. 
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scout
scout
[noun]

someone who can find paths through unexplored territory

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to quest
to quest
[Verb]

to search with determination, often for something of great importance or value

Ex: The archaeologists quested for ancient artifacts, excavating sites across the desert in hopes of uncovering lost treasures. 
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undoubtedly
undoubtedly
[Adverb]

used to say that there is no doubt something is true or is the case

Ex: She is undoubtedly the best candidate for the job, given her experience and skills. 
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nomadic
nomadic
[Adjective]

referring to the lifestyle of constantly traveling from place to place, with individuals or groups never staying in one location for an extended period of time

Ex: The Bedouin tribes of the Sahara Desert are known for their nomadic way of life, moving with their herds in search of grazing land. 
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depleted
depleted
[Adjective]

having been used up or reduced in quantity, energy, or resources

Ex: After the long hike, her energy levels were completely depleted. 
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to negotiate

to navigate or find a way through an obstacle or path

Ex: The hikers negotiated the dense forest, using a map and compass to find their way. 
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peculiar
peculiar
[Adjective]

having distinct characteristics or qualities that make something different or unique

Ex: The peculiar flavor of the dish made it stand out among the others. 
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breed
breed
[noun]

a category or type of something

Ex: He belongs to a breed of leaders who inspire loyalty. 
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merely
merely
[Adverb]

nothing more than what is to be said

Ex: I merely asked a question; I didn't accuse anyone. 
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to seek out

look for a specific person or thing

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inclined
inclined
[Adjective]

having a tendency to do something

Ex: She is inclined to believe the best in people, even when others are skeptical. 
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to venture

to undertake a risky or daring journey or course of action

Ex: It took courage for the astronauts to venture into outer space where one small error could prove fatal. 
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to inquire

to ask for or seek information about something

Ex: Rachel called the hotel to inquire about room availability. 
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instinct
instinct
[noun]

a natural tendency or ability to behave or react in a particular way without conscious thought or learning

Ex: The animal's instinct told it to flee from danger. 
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marine biologist

a scientist who studies the plants and animals that live in the ocean and other saltwater environments

Ex: The marine biologist studied coral reef ecosystems. 
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astronomer

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

Ex: The astronomer discovered a new exoplanet using advanced telescope technology. 
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to set
to set
[Verb]

to place the events of a play, movie, novel, etc. in a particular time or place

Ex: The play is set in the roaring 1920s. 
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uncultivated
uncultivated
[Adjective]

(of land) not prepared or used for growing crops

Ex: Much of the valley remained uncultivated. 
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landscape
landscape
[noun]

an area of scenery visible in a single view

Ex: The hikers admired the mountain landscape at sunrise. 
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to delve
to delve
[Verb]

to search something to find or discover something

Ex: The historian delved into ancient texts and manuscripts, seeking to uncover lost secrets of the past. 
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remote
remote
[Adjective]

far away in distance or position

Ex: The telescope detected a remote galaxy billions of light-years away. 
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puny
puny
[Adjective]

small and weak in strength or size

Ex: The puny sapling struggled to grow amidst the towering trees of the forest. 
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alien
alien
[noun]

a person who lives in a country of which they are not a citizen

Ex: The alien struggled to adjust to the new country's customs and language. 
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to crawl
to crawl
[Verb]

to move slowly with the body near the ground or on the hands and knees

Ex: The baby began to crawl across the living room floor. 
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laboriously
laboriously
[Adverb]

in a way that requires a lot of effort or hard work, often slowly and with difficulty

Ex: She climbed laboriously up the steep hill. 
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relatively
relatively
[Adverb]

to a specific degree, particularly when compared to other similar things

Ex: The test was relatively easy compared to the last one. 
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solid
solid
[Adjective]

reliable and consistently good, but not necessarily exceptional

Ex: The company had a year of solid growth, meeting all its targets steadily. 
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figure
figure
[noun]

a person of importance, fame, or public recognition

Ex: Nelson Mandela was a key figure in world history. 
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to confine

to restrict someone or something within particular limits, areas, subjects, or activities

Ex: The discussion was confined to financial matters. 
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to associate

to make a connection between someone or something and another in the mind

Ex: Many people associate the smell of freshly baked cookies with warmth and home. 
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era
era
[noun]

a period of history characterized by particular events, developments, or features

Ex: The discovery marked the beginning of a new era in medicine. 
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golden age

an idealized or imagined period of peace, prosperity, and happiness

Ex: The novel depicted a golden age of harmony in the kingdom. 
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to peak
to peak
[Verb]

to reach the highest level, point, or intensity

Ex: Energy consumption typically peaks during the summer months. 
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scarcely
scarcely
[Adverb]

almost not; only just enough

Ex: I could scarcely hear her whisper. 
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workings
workings
[noun]

the internal parts and mechanisms through which a device operates

Ex: The engineer examined the workings of the clock. 
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to dub
to dub
[Verb]

to give someone or something a nickname, often to show affection or to highlight a specific trait

Ex: In the music industry, the legendary guitarist was dubbed "The King of Blues" for his mastery of the blues genre. 
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leading
leading
[Adjective]

greatest in significance, importance, degree, or achievement

Ex: The company's leading product dominates the market, setting the standard for quality and innovation. 
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mountaineer

a person who engages in the activity of climbing mountains

Ex: His dream, ever since he was a child, was to become a mountaineer and stand atop the world's tallest mountains. 
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campaigner

a person who works actively to support or promote a particular cause or campaign

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so-called
so-called
[Adjective]

referring to a name commonly used for something

Ex: Many people fear the spread of the so-called zombie drug. 
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tribal
tribal
[Adjective]

associated with a social group of people who share common ancestry, language, and traditions, and often reside in a specific geographic area

Ex: The tribal elders gathered to discuss matters of governance and tradition within the community. 
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unmechanized
unmechanized
[Adjective]

not mechanized

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stunt
stunt
[noun]

a difficult, unusual, or risky action performed to attract attention

Ex: Publicity stunts often go viral on social media. 
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regardless of
regardless of
[preposition]

without taking into consideration or being influenced by a particular factor or condition

Ex: I'll be there tomorrow regardless of the weather. 
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to reflect

to show a particular quality, characteristic, or emotion

Ex: His speech reflected the concerns of the community. 
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endeavor
endeavor
[noun]

an activity or undertaking directed toward achieving a particular goal

Ex: Building the community center was a major endeavor for everyone involved. 
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pioneer
pioneer
[noun]

a person who is among the first to develop or introduce a new field, method, or idea

Ex: Marie Curie was a pioneer in the study of radioactivity. 
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prominent
prominent
[Adjective]

widely known and important or influential

Ex: She is a prominent scientist known for her research on climate change. 
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cutting-edge
cutting-edge
[Adjective]

having the latest and most advanced features or design

Ex: The cutting-edge medical device uses nanotechnology to deliver targeted treatments with unprecedented precision. 
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criteria
criteria
[noun]

the particular characteristics that are considered when evaluating something

Ex: The criteria for choosing the winner of the art contest are creativity and technique. 
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definite
definite
[Adjective]

expressed with clarity and precision, leaving no doubt as to the meaning or intention

Ex: I needed a definite answer from my boss so I could plan my work for the coming month without uncertainty. 
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objective
objective
[noun]

a goal that one wants to achieve

Ex: Her main objective is to complete the project by the end of the month. 
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outset
outset
[noun]

the beginning of something

Ex: At the outset of the project, we established clear goals and objectives. 
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to declare

to officially tell people something

Ex: The country's leaders gathered to declare their independence from colonial rule. 
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bias
bias
[noun]

an unfair preference or tendency that influences judgment

Ex: The researchers tried to eliminate bias from the selection process. 
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expedition

an organized journey undertaken for a particular purpose, especially exploration, research, or military action

Ex: Sarah joined a scientific expedition to study wildlife in Antarctica. 
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slant
slant
[noun]

a biased or subjective angle in presenting information, often reflecting personal or ideological viewpoints

Ex: The article had a clear political slant. 
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to move on

to accept a change or a new situation and be ready to continue with one's life and deal with new experiences, especially after a bad experience such as a breakup

Ex: After the divorce, she took time to heal and eventually found the strength to move on. 
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continental
continental
[Adjective]

of, relating to, or characteristic of a continent

Ex: Scientists study the movement of continental plates. 
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voyage
voyage
[noun]

a long journey taken on a ship or spacecraft

Ex: The space mission was a historic voyage to the International Space Station. 
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grazing
grazing
[noun]

the act of animals eating grass or other plants growing in a field

Ex: Grazing in the field was part of their daily routine. 
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to disregard

to intentionally ignore or act without concern for something or someone that deserves consideration

Ex: The boss disregarded safety protocols and put workers at risk. 
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to convey
to convey
[Verb]

to serve as a means of expressing or communicating a feeling, idea, quality, or impression

Ex: Her smile conveyed genuine warmth. 
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interpretation

an explanation or understanding derived from analyzing or interpreting something that is not immediately clear

Ex: The scientist provided an interpretation of the unusual results. 
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insight
insight
[noun]

a clear and deep understanding of a person, situation, problem, or subject

Ex: The study provides valuable insight into consumer behavior. 
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intrinsic
intrinsic
[Adjective]

belonging to something or someone's character and nature

Ex: The intrinsic sweetness of the ripe fruit made it delicious without any added sugar. 
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daunting
daunting
[Adjective]

intimidating, challenging, or overwhelming in a way that creates a sense of fear or unease

Ex: The idea of moving to a new country, learning a new language, and starting from scratch can be daunting for many. 
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urge
urge
[noun]

a powerful feeling prompting someone to act or respond

Ex: She felt an urge to call her old friend. 
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to [throw|shed|cast] light on {sth}

to provide someone with information about something ambiguous to make it easier to understand

Ex: The new evidence shed light on what really happened that night. 
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nota bene
nota bene
[noun]

a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something

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uncontacted
uncontacted
[Adjective]

having no communication or interaction with the outside world, especially with modern society

Ex: The tribe remains uncontacted deep in the rainforest. 
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