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Cambridge IELTS 18 - الأكاديمي - اختبار 2 - القراءة - المقطع 2 (2)

Learn vocabulary from the second part of Cambridge IELTS 18 Academic, Test 2 Reading Passage 2, with useful words and expressions from the text.

مراجعة

بطاقات الفلاش

الصيغ

الهجاء

اختبار قصير

ابدأ التعلم
Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic
fallible
fallible
[صفة]

(of humans) liable to make mistakes or to be imperfect, unlike divine beings

عرضة للخطأ, قابل للخطأ

عرضة للخطأ, قابل للخطأ

Ex: In many religious beliefs, humans are viewed as fallible beings, contrasting with deities who are considered infallible and free from error. 

في العديد من المعتقدات الدينية، يُنظر إلى البشر على أنهم كائنات قابلة للخطأ، على عكس الآلهة التي تعتبر معصومة من الخطأ.

for the sake of {sb/sth}

because of caring about someone or something and wanting to make a situation better for them

من أجل شخص ما أو شيء ما, لمصلحة شخص ما أو شيء ما

من أجل شخص ما أو شيء ما, لمصلحة شخص ما أو شيء ما

Ex: He moved to the seaside for the sake of his health. 

انتقل إلى شاطئ البحر من أجل صحته.

ethically
ethically
[ظرف]

in a manner that is morally right or good

أخلاقيا, بطريقة أخلاقية

أخلاقيا, بطريقة أخلاقية

Ex: The judge made decisions ethically to ensure justice for everyone involved. 

اتخذ القاضي القرارات بأخلاقية لضمان العدالة لجميع المعنيين.

cognitively
cognitively
[ظرف]

with regard to thinking processes, learning, or understanding, particularly focusing on mental activities and acquiring knowledge

إدراكيًا

إدراكيًا

Ex: The learning app supports students cognitively, adapting to individual learning styles. 

تطبيق التعلم يدعم الطلاب إدراكيًا، ويتكيف مع أساليب التعلم الفردية.

the moral high ground

a claim that one has moral superiority over others

route
route
[اسم]

a way or method that leads to a certain goal or result

طريق, مسار

طريق, مسار

Ex: Education can provide a route out of poverty. 
to steer
to steer
[فعل]

to influence or direct the way a situation, activity, or course of action develops

توجيه,  قيادة

توجيه, قيادة

Ex: The negotiations were steered toward a compromise acceptable to both sides. 
direction
direction
[اسم]

a general course along which something has a tendency to develop

اتجاه, اتجاه

اتجاه, اتجاه

Ex: Recent changes suggest a new direction in the industry. 
utopian
utopian
[صفة]

unrealistic or impossible to fully achieve in the real world

يوتوبي, غير قابل للتحقيق

يوتوبي, غير قابل للتحقيق

Ex: The utopian plan to eliminate poverty ignored practical challenges. 

تجاهلت الخطة اليوتوبية للقضاء على الفقر التحديات العملية.

vision
vision
[اسم]

a mental image of what one wants or hopes to achieve in the future

رؤية, منظور

رؤية, منظور

Ex: The project reflects a long-term vision for the community. 
destination
destination
[اسم]

the ultimate purpose or end for which someone or something is intended

الوجهة

الوجهة

Ex: The final destination of the reform was a more efficient public service. 
sufficient
sufficient
[صفة]

having enough of something to meet a particular need or requirement

كافٍ, مناسب

كافٍ, مناسب

Ex: The evidence presented in court was deemed sufficient to convict the defendant. 

اعتبرت الأدلة المقدمة في المحكمة كافية لإدانة المتهم.

clarity
clarity
[اسم]

the quality of being easily understood or recognized

وضوح

وضوح

given
given
[حرف جر]

used to indicate that something is provided or accepted as a basis for a particular situation or argument

بالنظر إلى, نظرا ل

بالنظر إلى, نظرا ل

Ex: Given his experience, he was the obvious choice for the job. 
tribal
tribal
[صفة]

associated with a social group of people who share common ancestry, language, and traditions, and often reside in a specific geographic area

قبلي, عشائري

قبلي, عشائري

Ex: Tribal societies often have strong kinship ties and communal values. 

غالبًا ما تتمتع المجتمعات القبلية بعلاقات قرابة قوية وقيم جماعية.

conflicted
conflicted
[صفة]

experiencing contradictory feelings, thoughts, or emotions, often resulting from having to make a difficult choice

متناقض, منقسم

متناقض, منقسم

Ex: She was conflicted about forgiving her friend for betraying her trust. 

كانت متناقضة حول مسامحة صديقتها لخيانتها ثقتها.

suffering
suffering
[اسم]

physical or mental pain, distress, or unhappiness

Ex: Years of conflict brought widespread pain and suffering. 
to contribute

to be one of the causes or reasons that helps something happen

يساهم, يسهم

يساهم, يسهم

Ex: His hard work contributed to the project's success. 
to point
to point
[فعل]

to focus or direct something towards a specific target

أشار, وجّه

أشار, وجّه

Ex: She pointed the laser at the screen. 
in {one's} hands
in one's hands
[عبارة]

used to mean that one has control, responsibility, or authority over something

بين يديه, تحت مسؤوليته

بين يديه, تحت مسؤوليته

Ex: If the investigation is in their hands, we should expect a fair result. 

إذا كان التحقيق بين أيديهم، فينبغي أن نتوقع نتيجة عادلة.

guide
guide
[اسم]

a person who leads or advises others on the way to go

مرشد, موجه

مرشد, موجه

Ex: Her mentor was a guide during difficult decisions. 
to sacrifice
to sacrifice
[فعل]

to give up something valuable or important in order to achieve or protect something considered more important

يضحي,  يضحي بـ

يضحي, يضحي بـ

Ex: He sacrificed his chance of promotion to care for his father. 
autonomy
autonomy
[اسم]

the ability or freedom to make decisions and act independently

الحكم الذاتي,  الاستقلالية

الحكم الذاتي, الاستقلالية

Ex: Good managers give experienced staff enough autonomy to solve problems on their own. 
to discourage

to prevent or persuade someone from taking a particular action or pursuing a specific course of action

يثبط,  يثني

يثبط, يثني

Ex: The mentor's encouragement and support helped discourage the mentee from giving up on their career aspirations. 
lapse
lapse
[اسم]

a temporary failure or gap in judgment, memory, or concentration

هفوة, فجوة

هفوة, فجوة

Ex: After a brief lapse, they resumed their discussion on the important topic. 

بعد هفوة قصيرة، استأنفوا مناقشتهم حول الموضوع المهم.

presently
presently
[ظرف]

at the moment or present time

حاليا, في الوقت الحالي

حاليا, في الوقت الحالي

Ex: The project is presently ahead of schedule, thanks to the efficient team. 

المشروع حاليًا متقدم على الجدول الزمني، بفضل الفريق الفعال.

to [take] {sb/sth} for granted

to not appreciate a person or thing because one thinks one will never lose them

لا يقدّر, يأخذه كأمر مضمون

لا يقدّر, يأخذه كأمر مضمون

Ex: Never take your health for granted. 

لا تأخذ صحتك كأمر مضمون أبدًا.

to discriminate

to unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.

يُميِّز

يُميِّز

Ex: The school was criticized for discriminating against students of certain religious backgrounds. 

تم انتقاد المدرسة لـالتمييز ضد طلاب من خلفيات دينية معينة.

in favor of
in favor of
[حرف جر]

used to show support for something

لصالح, مع

لصالح, مع

Ex: Many people are in favor of the idea of clean energy. 

الكثير من الناس يدعمون فكرة الطاقة النظيفة.

to deny
to deny
[فعل]

to restrain oneself from having something

يحرم نفسه, ينكر على نفسه

يحرم نفسه, ينكر على نفسه

Ex: Despite the enticing aroma, she denied herself the temptation of ordering dessert at the restaurant. 
ethical
ethical
[صفة]

sticking to principles of right and wrong conduct and moral standards

أخلاقي, خلقي

أخلاقي, خلقي

Ex: They faced a dilemma but ultimately made the ethical decision, even though it was harder. 

واجهوا معضلة ولكن في النهاية اتخذوا القرار الأخلاقي، على الرغم من أنه كان أصعب.

silicon
silicon
[اسم]

(chemistry) a nonmetallic element, abundant in the earth's crust, used as a semiconductor in electronics

سيليكون,  سيليكون

سيليكون, سيليكون

Ex: The scientist heated silicon with oxygen to form silicon dioxide, or glass. 
to notice
to notice
[فعل]

to become aware of something through seeing, hearing, or feeling it

يلاحظ, يُلاحِظ

يلاحظ, يُلاحِظ

Ex: The car's engine made a noise I hadn't noticed before. 
far-fetched
far-fetched
[صفة]

not probable and difficult to believe

غير معقول, مختلق

غير معقول, مختلق

Ex: The idea of time travel still seems far-fetched to most scientists. 

لا تزال فكرة السفر عبر الزمن تبدو بعيدة المنال لمعظم العلماء.

input
input
[اسم]

the information or events that stimulate action or response

مدخل, مساهمة

مدخل, مساهمة

Ex: Customer feedback serves as valuable input for product improvement. 
resource
resource
[اسم]

(usually plural) means such as equipment, money, manpower, etc. that a person or organization can benefit from

مورد, وسيلة

مورد, وسيلة

Ex: Access to educational resources such as libraries and online databases is essential for students. 
role
role
[اسم]

a set of actions and responsibilities that are assigned to a person or group within a specific context

دور

دور

Ex: My role is to make sure the work is completed on time. 
efficiently
efficiently
[ظرف]

with minimum waste of resources or energy

بكفاءة,  بكفاءة عالية

بكفاءة, بكفاءة عالية

Ex: She organized her daily tasks efficiently, ensuring a balanced workload. 

نظمت مهامها اليومية بكفاءة، مما يضمن عبء عمل متوازن.

to act
to act
[فعل]

to do something for a special reason

يتصرف, يتدخل

يتصرف, يتدخل

Ex: We need to act before the problem gets worse. 
in the interest of
in the interest of
[حرف جر]

with consideration for the benefit, well-being, or advantage of someone or something

لمصلحة, لصالح

لمصلحة, لصالح

Ex: The organization made budget cuts in the interest of financial stability. 

قامت المنظمة بخفض الميزانية لمصلحة الاستقرار المالي.

taxpayer
taxpayer
[اسم]

a person who pays or is required to pay taxes

دافع الضرائب,  المكلف بالضريبة

دافع الضرائب, المكلف بالضريبة

Ex: Daniel contacted the tax office to ask about his rights as a taxpayer. 
to deprive of

to take away or deny someone or something the possession or enjoyment of a particular thing

يحرم من, يسلب

يحرم من, يسلب

Ex: Overuse of natural resources can deprive future generations of the benefits derived from a sustainable environment. 

يمكن للإفراط في استخدام الموارد الطبيعية أن يحرم الأجيال القادمة من الفوائد المستمدة من بيئة مستدامة.

senior
senior
[صفة]

having a higher status or rank than someone else within an organization, profession, or hierarchy

كبير,  أعلى رتبة

كبير, أعلى رتبة

Ex: The senior partner in the law firm had extensive experience and expertise in the field. 
to treat
to treat
[فعل]

to deal with or behave toward someone or something in a particular way

يعامل, يتصرف تجاه

يعامل, يتصرف تجاه

Ex: She always treats her friends with kindness and respect. 
equally
equally
[ظرف]

in a fair and even manner, without favoring one over the other

بالتساوي, بإنصاف

بالتساوي, بإنصاف

Ex: The restaurant ensures that portions are served equally to all customers. 

يضمن المطعم تقديم الحصص بشكل متساوٍ لجميع العملاء.

to specify
to specify
[فعل]

to clearly define or state specific details, characteristics, or requirements

تحديد، تفصيل

تحديد، تفصيل

Ex: The contract must specify the terms of payment, including the amount and due date. 
trough
trough
[اسم]

a period or point when activity, success, or satisfaction is at its lowest level

قاع, فترة انخفاض

قاع, فترة انخفاض

Ex: His mood sank into a trough after hearing the bad news. 

غرق مزاجه في حفرة بعد سماع الأخبار السيئة.

gatekeeper
gatekeeper
[اسم]

someone who controls access to something

حارس البوابة, بواب

حارس البوابة, بواب

to stick to
to stick to
[فعل]

to continue doing something even though there are some hardships

التمسك بـ, الاستمرار في

التمسك بـ, الاستمرار في

Ex: The team stuck to their strategy, even when they were losing the game. 

التزم الفريق باستراتيجيته، حتى عندما كانوا يخسرون المباراة.

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