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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro GRE - Nepáchaj Zločin, Pokud Nemůžeš Odpykat Trest !

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o zločinu, jako jsou "dozorce", "pašování", "pronásledování" atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
warden
warden
[Podstatné jméno]

the official in charge of a prison or correctional facility, responsible for overseeing the administration, security, and well-being of inmates

ředitel věznice, dozorce

ředitel věznice, dozorce

Ex: The warden implemented new security measures to address recent concerns about inmate safety within the prison. 
vigilante
vigilante
[Podstatné jméno]

an individual or group of individuals who take the law into their own hands, acting outside the legal system to enforce their version of justice or address perceived wrongs

bdělý občan, samosoudce

bdělý občan, samosoudce

Ex: In the absence of effective law enforcement, some residents formed a vigilante group to combat rising crime in their neighborhood. 
to trespass
to trespass
[sloveso]

to enter someone's land or building without permission

vstoupit neoprávněně, proniknout bez povolení

vstoupit neoprávněně, proniknout bez povolení

Ex: Despite the warning signs, he chose to trespass onto the private property, ignoring the owner's rights. 
treason
treason
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of betraying one's country by rebelling against its government

zrada, velezrada

zrada, velezrada

Ex: He was charged with treason for conspiring to overthrow the government. 
alibi
alibi
[Podstatné jméno]

proof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it

alibi

alibi

Ex: The suspect's alibi placed him at a restaurant with friends at the time of the crime. 
appropriation
appropriation
[Podstatné jméno]

the use of elements from one culture by another, often without permission

přivlastnění

přivlastnění

Ex: The fashion designer faced criticism for the appropriation of traditional patterns. 
battery
battery
[Podstatné jméno]

the intentional and unlawful physical contact or harm inflicted on another person

ublížení na zdraví, tělesné poškození

ublížení na zdraví, tělesné poškození

Ex: The suspect was arrested and charged with battery for physically assaulting a bystander during the altercation. 
to blackmail
to blackmail
[sloveso]

to gain money, property, or some advantage by threatening someone

vydírat, vymáhat peníze

vydírat, vymáhat peníze

Ex: She tried to blackmail him for a large sum of money. 
to bootleg
to bootleg
[sloveso]

to sell or distribute illicit products, such as drugs, alcohol, or counterfeit goods

padělat, prodávat nelegálně

padělat, prodávat nelegálně

Ex: He was arrested for bootlegging illegal substances. 
capital punishment
capital punishment
[Podstatné jméno]

the killing of a criminal as punishment

trest smrti, hlavní trest

trest smrti, hlavní trest

Ex: The debate over capital punishment continues to be a contentious issue in many countries. 
thievery
thievery
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of stealing something from someone or somewhere

krádež, zlodějství

krádež, zlodějství

Ex: The shop installed new security cameras to prevent thievery. 
to swindle
to swindle
[sloveso]

to use deceit in order to deprive someone of their money or other possessions

podvádět, okrást

podvádět, okrást

Ex: The con artist swindled unsuspecting investors out of millions of dollars by promising high returns on fake investments. 
statutory rape
statutory rape
[Podstatné jméno]

a nonforced sexual intercourse with a person under the age of consent

statutární znásilnění, pohlavní styk s osobou nedosahující věku souhlasu

statutární znásilnění, pohlavní styk s osobou nedosahující věku souhlasu

Ex: Statutory rape cases often involve complex legal issues surrounding age and consent. 
to stalk
to stalk
[sloveso]

to follow, watch, or pursue someone persistently and often secretly, causing them fear or discomfort

pronásledovat, obtěžovat

pronásledovat, obtěžovat

Ex: Unbeknownst to her, a mysterious figure began to stalk Mary on her way home from work. 
solitary confinement
solitary confinement
[Podstatné jméno]

the practice of isolating a prisoner in a small, often windowless cell, with minimal human contact or environmental stimulation, as a form of punishment or for security reasons

samovazba, izolace

samovazba, izolace

Ex: The inmate's disruptive behavior led to a disciplinary measure, resulting in a period of solitary confinement to maintain order in the prison. 
carjacking
carjacking
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of violently stealing a car while someone is inside it

krádež auta s násilím, carjacking

krádež auta s násilím, carjacking

Ex: The city has seen an increase in carjackings over the past year. 
to collude
to collude
[sloveso]

‌to cooperate secretly or illegally for deceiving other people

spolčit se, konspirovat

spolčit se, konspirovat

Ex: The two companies were found to have colluded to inflate prices and eliminate competition in the market. 
complicity
complicity
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of participating in a crime or wrongdoing along with another person or group

spoluvina, součinnost

spoluvina, součinnost

Ex: His involvement in the scheme revealed his complicity in the fraud. 
to confiscate
to confiscate
[sloveso]

to officially take away something from someone, usually as punishment

zabavit, konfiskovat

zabavit, konfiskovat

Ex: The customs officer may confiscate prohibited items at the border. 
contraband
contraband
[Podstatné jméno]

goods or items whose importation, exportation, or possession is prohibited by law

kontraband, zakázané zboží

kontraband, zakázané zboží

Ex: The customs officers seized a shipment of contraband at the border. 
defamation
defamation
[Podstatné jméno]

a false statement damaging a person's reputation

pomluva, urážka na cti

pomluva, urážka na cti

Ex: She filed a lawsuit for defamation after the false accusations were published. 
to embezzle
to embezzle
[sloveso]

to secretly steal money entrusted to one's care, typically by manipulating financial records, for personal use or gain

zpronevěřit, defraudovat

zpronevěřit, defraudovat

Ex: The financial officer was arrested for embezzling company funds for personal expenses. 
entrapment
entrapment
[Podstatné jméno]

(law) a practice in which government officials persuade someone to commit a crime that one would not have done by choice

past, navádění k trestnému činu

past, navádění k trestnému činu

Ex: The defense argued that the defendant’s actions were a result of entrapment. 
to exile
to exile
[sloveso]

to force someone to live away from their native country, usually due to political reasons or as a punishment

vyhostit, vyhnat

vyhostit, vyhnat

Ex: The political dissident was exiled from the country for speaking out against the government. 
to extradite
to extradite
[sloveso]

to send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters

vydat, předat

vydat, předat

Ex: The fugitive was arrested in one country and extradited to face charges in another for embezzlement. 
forgery
forgery
[Podstatné jméno]

the criminal act of making a copy of a document, money, etc. to do something illegal

padělání

padělání

Ex: The suspect was charged with forgery after he tried to cash in a fake check. 
furlough
furlough
[Podstatné jméno]

a temporary release of a convict from prison

dovolená, dočasné propuštění

dovolená, dočasné propuštění

Ex: He was granted a furlough to attend his daughter's wedding. 
to gaslight
to gaslight
[sloveso]

to manipulate someone into questioning their own perceptions, memories, or sanity, often by denying or distorting the truth

psychologicky manipulovat, přimět někoho zpochybnit své vlastní vnímání

psychologicky manipulovat, přimět někoho zpochybnit své vlastní vnímání

Ex: Jane's colleague would often gaslight her in meetings, subtly undermining her ideas and making her doubt her competence. 
genocide
genocide
[Podstatné jméno]

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

genocida, vyhlazení

genocida, vyhlazení

Ex: The United Nations defines genocide as acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group. 
grand larceny
grand larceny
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of stealing a property that exceeds a certain value lawfully which is considered a serious crime

velká krádež, závažná krádež

velká krádež, závažná krádež

Ex: He was charged with grand larceny after stealing valuable jewelry from the safe. 
guillotine
guillotine
[Podstatné jméno]

a device for beheading, featuring a tall frame with a suspended blade released to swiftly sever the condemned person's head

gilotina

gilotina

Ex: During the French Revolution, the guillotine became a symbol of radical political change as it was employed for public executions. 
to hustle
to hustle
[sloveso]

to convince or make someone do something

přesvědčit, postrkovat

přesvědčit, postrkovat

Ex: With charm and enthusiasm, the team leader hustled the team to meet the tight project deadline. 
to incarcerate

to confine someone in prison or a similar facility due to legal reasons or as a form of punishment

uvěznit,  uvězňovat

uvěznit, uvězňovat

Ex: After the trial, he was promptly incarcerated in a high-security prison. 
to incriminate

to provide evidence or information that suggests a person's involvement in a crime or wrongdoing

obvinit,  nařknout

obvinit, nařknout

Ex: The witness hesitated to testify, fearing that any statement might inadvertently incriminate them in the ongoing investigation. 
informant
informant
[Podstatné jméno]

one that secretly provides information about something or someone for the police or investigators

informátor, udavač

informátor, udavač

Ex: The police relied on an informant to crack the major drug case. 
intruder
intruder
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who breaks into someone else's property; often with a criminal intention

vetřelec, zloděj

vetřelec, zloděj

Ex: The intruder was caught on camera breaking into the house. 
to launder
to launder
[sloveso]

to make some alterations in order to make something that has been obtained illegally, especially money and currency appear legal or acceptable

prát, legalizovat

prát, legalizovat

Ex: They used various offshore accounts to launder the stolen funds. 
to kidnap
to kidnap
[sloveso]

to take someone away and hold them in captivity, typically to demand something for their release

unést, vzít jako rukojmí

unést, vzít jako rukojmí

Ex: The criminals planned to kidnap the CEO's daughter for a ransom. 
misdemeanor
misdemeanor
[Podstatné jméno]

an action that is considered wrong or unacceptable yet not very serious

přečin, přestupek

přečin, přestupek

Ex: She was charged with a misdemeanor for trespassing on private property. 
mugshot
mugshot
[Podstatné jméno]

a photographic portrait taken by law enforcement agencies of a person who has been arrested, typically taken at the time of booking and used for identification purposes

policejní fotka, identifikační fotka

policejní fotka, identifikační fotka

Ex: The suspect’s mugshot was released to the media after his arrest. 
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