Мовознавство - Semantics

the relationship between words or expressions that have similar or identical meanings, or nearly identical meanings, in a particular context or language

синонімія

the relationship between words or expressions that have opposite or contrasting meanings

антонімія

a hierarchical relationship between words, where one word, the hyponym, represents a more specific or subordinate category within the meaning of another word, the hypernym

гипонімія

the most typical example of a category that represents its common features

прототип

a linguistic phenomenon where words share the same form but have different meanings, contributing to lexical ambiguity and requiring context for proper interpretation

омонімія

a linguistic phenomenon where different words have the same or similar pronunciation but may have different spellings and meanings, resulting in potential confusion and ambiguity in oral communication

гомофонія

the phenomenon in language where a single word has multiple related meanings or senses

полісемія

a type of figurative language that involves the unconventional or strained use of words, often resulting in an unexpected or exaggerated expression

катахрезис

the extent or range of meaning that a word, phrase, or grammatical construction has within a sentence or discourse

обсяг

the way in which language expresses the speaker's or writer's attitude, opinion, or degree of certainty regarding a statement or proposition

модальність

a graphical representation or structure that depicts relationships between concepts or entities in a language or knowledge domain

семантична мережа

the specific meaning or interpretation of a word in a given context or language

сенс слова

the study of how one word's meaning represents a specific way or type of another word's meaning within a particular category or field of language

тропонімія

a grammatical concept that represents the relationship between a noun phrase and the action or state described by a verb, indicating the role or function of the noun phrase in the event or situation

тематична роль

a psychological phenomenon where repeated exposure to a word or phrase leads to a temporary loss of its meaning or sense of familiarity

семантичне насичення

a sequence of words or terms in a text that are semantically related or connected by their meaning

лексичний ланцюг

a group or set of words that are related in meaning and share a common semantic theme or category

семантичне поле

the connections or associations between words or concepts based on their meaning

семантичне відношення

a cognitive mechanism in which abstract or complex ideas are understood and expressed in terms of more concrete or familiar concepts

концептуальна метафора

a cognitive process in which one concept is understood or represented in terms of another concept based on a conceptual or cognitive association between them, often involving contiguity or a part-whole relationship

концептуальна метонімія

a grammatical role or semantic role that refers to the entity that performs or initiates an action or event in a sentence or a clause

агент

a process where the meaning of a word or concept expands or becomes more inclusive, encompassing a wider range of referents or interpretations than its original or core meaning

розширення

a word or phrase applied to something to convey its character or essence in a descriptive sense

епітет

the specific sense or interpretation attributed to a word in a particular context

значення

a situation where a language lacks a specific word or lexical item to express a particular concept or meaning

випадковий проміжок

a word that carries semantic meaning and contributes to the overall content and understanding of a sentence, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs

контентне слово

a principle or idea that is abstract

концепція

a linguistic concept that describes the relationship between a word that represents a whole object and a word that represents a part or subset of that object

меронімія

a structured system of signs, symbols, or codes that are used to communicate meaning within a particular context or domain

система знаків

a type of definition that uses the term being defined as part of the definition itself, resulting in an uninformative or logically flawed explanation

циркулярне визначення

the act or process of explaining the meaning of a word, concept, or term

визначення

a term used in semantics and linguistics to refer to a word that represents a whole or complete entity, while its parts are referred to as meronyms

голонім

(grammar) one of two or more words that are spelled the same but differ in meaning

омограф

a word or phrase that describes or provides information about something

дескриптор

the objective and dictionary-based meaning of a word, representing its core and universally accepted definition

денотація

a feeling or an idea suggested by a word aside from its literal or primary meaning

коннотація

the condition when a word, phrase, or concept from one language lacks an equivalent or precise translation in another language due to cultural, linguistic, or contextual differences

неконвертованість

a word or phrase that belongs to the same semantic field as another word or phrase and shares the same hypernym, representing a distinct subcategory or specific instance within that field

ко-гіпонім

a word that is more general and encompasses a broader category of related terms

гіперонім

a semantic role that refers to the entity or object that is used to carry out or perform an action denoted by the verb in a sentence

інструмент

the main focus or subject of a sentence or an action

тема

the additional connotations or associations that a word or expression may evoke beyond its literal or primary meaning

асоціативне значення

the basic and direct meaning of a word or phrase, representing the ideas it conveys

концептуальне значення

the minimal, irreducible unit of meaning within a word

семантичне коріння

the condition in which a word or expression has only one primary or dominant meaning, without significant ambiguity or variation in interpretation

моносемія

a unit or entity that carries meaning and represents a concept, idea, or object, often through a system of arbitrary associations between the signifier and the signified

знак

the physical or perceptible form of a sign, such as a word, sound, image, or gesture, that represents or signifies a particular meaning or concept

означник

the concept, meaning, or idea that a sign represents or signifies

означуване

the entity that undergoes or experiences an action or change as a result of an event

пацієнт

a semantic role assigned to the entity that undergoes an emotional or perceptual experience, such as feeling, sensing, or perceiving something

експеріенсер

a role assigned to the entity that represents the target or endpoint of an action or movement

мета

a role assigned to the entity that represents the starting point or origin of an action or movement

джерело

a thematic role associated with a noun phrase that indicates the place or position where an action or state occurs

місцезнаходження

(semantics) the person who benefits from an action in a sentence

бенефіціар

a thematic role associated with a noun phrase that represents the entity to whom something is given or transferred

одержувач