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Linguistics - Semantics

Here you will learn some English words related to semantics such as "synonymy", "epithet", and "signifier".

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Words Related to Linguistics
synonymy
[noun]

the relationship between words or expressions that have similar or identical meanings, or nearly identical meanings, in a particular context or language

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antonymy
[noun]

the relationship between words or expressions that have opposite or contrasting meanings

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hyponymy
[noun]

a hierarchical relationship between words, where one word, the hyponym, represents a more specific or subordinate category within the meaning of another word, the hypernym

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prototype
[noun]

something or someone that is the most common example of a particular group, class, etc.

Ex: The first iPod was the prototype that revolutionized how people listened to music on the go .
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homonymy
[noun]

a linguistic phenomenon where words share the same form but have different meanings, contributing to lexical ambiguity and requiring context for proper interpretation

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homophony
[noun]

a linguistic phenomenon where different words have the same or similar pronunciation but may have different spellings and meanings, resulting in potential confusion and ambiguity in oral communication

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polysemy
[noun]

the phenomenon in language where a single word has multiple related meanings or senses

Ex: Ambiguity can sometimes arise from polysemy, requiring context or additional information for accurate interpretation .
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a type of figurative language that involves the unconventional or strained use of words, often resulting in an unexpected or exaggerated expression

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scope
[noun]

the extent or range of meaning that a word, phrase, or grammatical construction has within a sentence or discourse

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modality
[noun]

the way in which language expresses the speaker's or writer's attitude, opinion, or degree of certainty regarding a statement or proposition

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a graphical representation or structure that depicts relationships between concepts or entities in a language or knowledge domain

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the specific meaning or interpretation of a word in a given context or language

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troponymy
[noun]

the study of how one word's meaning represents a specific way or type of another word's meaning within a particular category or field of language

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a grammatical concept that represents the relationship between a noun phrase and the action or state described by a verb, indicating the role or function of the noun phrase in the event or situation

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a psychological phenomenon where repeated exposure to a word or phrase leads to a temporary loss of its meaning or sense of familiarity

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a sequence of words or terms in a text that are semantically related or connected by their meaning

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a group or set of words that are related in meaning and share a common semantic theme or category

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the connections or associations between words or concepts based on their meaning

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a cognitive mechanism in which abstract or complex ideas are understood and expressed in terms of more concrete or familiar concepts

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a cognitive process in which one concept is understood or represented in terms of another concept based on a conceptual or cognitive association between them, often involving contiguity or a part-whole relationship

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agent
[noun]

a grammatical role or semantic role that refers to the entity that performs or initiates an action or event in a sentence or a clause

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a process where the meaning of a word or concept expands or becomes more inclusive, encompassing a wider range of referents or interpretations than its original or core meaning

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epithet
[noun]

a word or phrase applied to something to convey its character or essence in a descriptive sense

Ex: In Homer 's epics , characters are frequently identified by meaningful epithets like " rosy-fingered dawn " and " swift-footed Achilles . "
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the specific sense or interpretation attributed to a word in a particular context

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a situation where a language lacks a specific word or lexical item to express a particular concept or meaning

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a word that carries semantic meaning and contributes to the overall content and understanding of a sentence, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs

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concept
[noun]

a principle or idea that is abstract

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meronymy
[noun]

a linguistic concept that describes the relationship between a word that represents a whole object and a word that represents a part or subset of that object

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a structured system of signs, symbols, or codes that are used to communicate meaning within a particular context or domain

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a type of definition that uses the term being defined as part of the definition itself, resulting in an uninformative or logically flawed explanation

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the act or process of explaining the meaning of a word, concept, or term

Ex: The definition of the term was debated among the scholars .
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holonym
[noun]

a term used in semantics and linguistics to refer to a word that represents a whole or complete entity, while its parts are referred to as meronyms

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homograph
[noun]

(grammar) one of two or more words that are spelled the same but differ in meaning

Ex: A dictionary helps to clarify the meanings of homographs that might confuse readers .
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a word or phrase that describes or provides information about something

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the objective and dictionary-based meaning of a word, representing its core and universally accepted definition

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a feeling or an idea suggested by a word aside from its literal or primary meaning

Ex: The connotation of the word " old " can vary depending on context ; it may signify wisdom and experience or imply obsolescence and decay .
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the condition when a word, phrase, or concept from one language lacks an equivalent or precise translation in another language due to cultural, linguistic, or contextual differences

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a word or phrase that belongs to the same semantic field as another word or phrase and shares the same hypernym, representing a distinct subcategory or specific instance within that field

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hypernym
[noun]

a word that is more general and encompasses a broader category of related terms

Ex: The relationship between hypernyms and hyponyms provides insights into the structure and organization of lexical semantics.
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a semantic role that refers to the entity or object that is used to carry out or perform an action denoted by the verb in a sentence

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theme
[noun]

the main focus or subject of a sentence or an action

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the additional connotations or associations that a word or expression may evoke beyond its literal or primary meaning

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the basic and direct meaning of a word or phrase, representing the ideas it conveys

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the minimal, irreducible unit of meaning within a word

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monosemy
[noun]

the condition in which a word or expression has only one primary or dominant meaning, without significant ambiguity or variation in interpretation

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sign
[noun]

a unit or entity that carries meaning and represents a concept, idea, or object, often through a system of arbitrary associations between the signifier and the signified

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signifier
[noun]

the physical or perceptible form of a sign, such as a word, sound, image, or gesture, that represents or signifies a particular meaning or concept

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signified
[noun]

the concept, meaning, or idea that a sign represents or signifies

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patient
[noun]

the entity that undergoes or experiences an action or change as a result of an event

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a semantic role assigned to the entity that undergoes an emotional or perceptual experience, such as feeling, sensing, or perceiving something

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goal
[noun]

a role assigned to the entity that represents the target or endpoint of an action or movement

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source
[noun]

a role assigned to the entity that represents the starting point or origin of an action or movement

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location
[noun]

a thematic role associated with a noun phrase that indicates the place or position where an action or state occurs

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(semantics) the person who benefits from an action in a sentence

Ex: "The teacher read the students a story."
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recipient
[noun]

a thematic role associated with a noun phrase that represents the entity to whom something is given or transferred

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