Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic - Test 3 - Listening - Part 4 (2)

(of an object) able to be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria, which is then safe for the environment

generally accepted and followed by many people

to take food, drink, or another substance into the body by swallowing or absorbing it

to reduce one's body mass or overall body weight

in a way that is very quick and often unexpected

a small living part of a plant that when put in the ground, grows into a new one

to start to grow, producing buds or branches

to draw a logical inference or outcome based on established premises or evidence

being incapable of or lacking the skill, means, etc. necessary for doing something

what something is used for

to think or say that something is caused by a certain thing

more than any other thing

a decision reached after thoroughly considering all relevant information

to lead to a particular outcome or situation

a work containing useful information on a particular subject, often consulted for guidance or clarification

a scheduled period of teaching, instruction, or learning activities conducted within a defined timeframe

to give a short and simplified version that covers the main points of something

to put forward a suggestion, plan, or idea for consideration

to think about someone or something in a specified way

a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant

a possible consequence that something can bring about

being determined by conditions or circumstances that follow

to be gradually damaged or destroyed as a result of natural processes

to go or move from one place to another, often without stopping or staying for long

having a limited number of species or individuals within a particular ecosystem or population

the state of being present; current existence

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

a thin thread or strand, especially one that is used to make fabric or rope

the act of cleaning oneself, clothes, or other items using water and soap or other cleaning substances

the process by which organic matter is decomposed, often by bacterial, fungal, or enzymatic action

the manufacture of goods using raw materials, particularly in factories

any physical damage to a part of the body caused by an accident or attack

the sequence of organisms in an ecosystem where each organism serves as a source of food for the next organism in the chain

prohibited or not allowed by law, rule, or authority

to complete or conduct a task, job, etc.

tubular passage of mucous membrane and muscle extending about 8.3 meters from mouth to anus; functions in digestion and elimination

a terrestrial invertebrate of the annelid family that moves through the soil and feeds on organic matter

the layer of soil on the surface

very necessary for a particular purpose or situation

a part that combines with others to form a larger whole, often separable and functional within a system

a chemical element or inorganic compound that green plants absorb and incorporate into their organic molecules to support growth and metabolism

used to indicate how something is achieved or the result of an action

(of land or soil) able to produce crops or plants well

to begin doing something in order to reach a goal

occurring or coming after something else

the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating)

vegetation that has grown

to put or cause someone to be in a particular position or location, especially for a specific purpose or function

(of plants) lasting for several years, often returning and flowering repeatedly during its life cycle

any of several annual or perennial Eurasian grasses

a plastic made from natural plants like corn or sugar, often used for bottles, containers, or 3D printing because it is light, safe, and breaks down faster than regular plastic

a strong, durable plastic often used for making containers, bottles, and pipes because it is resistant to chemicals and can withstand high temperatures